1
|
Tabla Cendra D, Gao TP, HoSang KM, Gao TJ, Wu J, Pronovost MT, Williams AD, Kuo LE. A Bilingual Readability Assessment of Online Breast Cancer Screening and Treatment Information. J Surg Res 2024; 302:200-207. [PMID: 39098118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Presenting health information at a sixth-grade reading level is advised to accommodate the general public's abilities. Breast cancer (BC) is the second-most common malignancy in women, but the readability of online BC information in English and Spanish, the two most commonly spoken languages in the United States, is uncertain. METHODS Three search engines were queried using: "how to do a breast examination," "when do I need a mammogram," and "what are the treatment options for breast cancer" in English and Spanish. Sixty websites in each language were studied and classified by source type and origin. Three readability frameworks in each language were applied: Flesch Kincaid Reading Ease, Flesch Kincaid Grade Level, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) for English, and Fernández-Huerta, Spaulding, and Spanish adaptation of SMOG for Spanish. Median readability scores were calculated, and corresponding grade level determined. The percentage of websites requiring reading abilities >sixth grade level was calculated. RESULTS English-language websites were predominantly hospital-affiliated (43.3%), while Spanish websites predominantly originated from foundation/advocacy sources (43.3%). Reading difficulty varied across languages: English websites ranged from 5th-12th grade (Flesch Kincaid Grade Level/Flesch Kincaid Reading Ease: 78.3%/98.3% above sixth grade), while Spanish websites spanned 4th-10th grade (Spaulding/Fernández-Huerta: 95%/100% above sixth grade). SMOG/Spanish adaptation of SMOG scores showed lower reading difficulty for Spanish, with few websites exceeding sixth grade (1.7% and 0% for English and Spanish, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Online BC resources have reading difficulty levels that exceed the recommended sixth grade, although these results vary depending on readability framework. Efforts should be made to establish readability standards that can be translated into Spanish to enhance accessibility for this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry P Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen M HoSang
- Department of General Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tracy J Gao
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jingwei Wu
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary T Pronovost
- Department of General Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lindsay E Kuo
- Department of General Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aminololama-Shakeri S, Ford KM. Patient Communication Innovations in Breast Imaging. Radiol Clin North Am 2024; 62:717-724. [PMID: 38777545 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Effective patient communication is paramount in breast radiology, where standardized reporting and patient-centered care practices have long been established. This communication profoundly affects patient experience, well-being, and adherence to medical advice. Breast radiologists play a pivotal role in conveying diagnostic findings and addressing patient concerns, particularly in the context of cancer diagnoses. Technological advances in radiology reporting, patient access to electronic medical records, and the demand for immediate information access have reshaped radiologists' communication practices. Innovative approaches, including image-rich reports, visual timelines, and video radiology reports, have been used in various institutions to enhance patient comprehension and engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Aminololama-Shakeri
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Kaitlin M Ford
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kadom N, Lasiecka ZM, Nemeth AJ, Rykken JB, Lui YW, Seidenwurm D. Patient Engagement in Neuroradiology: A Narrative Review and Case Studies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2024; 45:250-255. [PMID: 38216301 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The field of patient engagement in radiology is evolving and offers ample opportunities for neuroradiologists to become involved. The patient journey can serve as a model that inspires patient engagement initiatives. The patient journey in radiology may be viewed in 5 stages: 1) awareness that an imaging test is needed, 2) considering having a specific imaging test, 3) access to imaging, 4) imaging service delivery, and 5) ongoing care. Here, we describe patient engagement opportunities based on literature review and paired with case studies by practicing neuroradiologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Kadom
- From the Emory University School of Medicine (N.K.), Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Alexander J Nemeth
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital (A.J.N.), Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yvonne W Lui
- New York University, Grossman School of Medicine (Y.W.L.), New York, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haver HL, Gupta AK, Ambinder EB, Bahl M, Oluyemi ET, Jeudy J, Yi PH. Evaluating the Use of ChatGPT to Accurately Simplify Patient-centered Information about Breast Cancer Prevention and Screening. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2024; 6:e230086. [PMID: 38305716 PMCID: PMC10988327 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the use of ChatGPT as a tool to simplify answers to common questions about breast cancer prevention and screening. Materials and Methods In this retrospective, exploratory study, ChatGPT was requested to simplify responses to 25 questions about breast cancer to a sixth-grade reading level in March and August 2023. Simplified responses were evaluated for clinical appropriateness. All original and simplified responses were assessed for reading ease on the Flesch Reading Ease Index and for readability on five scales: Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Automated Readability Index, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (ie, SMOG) Index. Mean reading ease, readability, and word count were compared between original and simplified responses using paired t tests. McNemar test was used to compare the proportion of responses with adequate reading ease (score of 60 or greater) and readability (sixth-grade level). Results ChatGPT improved mean reading ease (original responses, 46 vs simplified responses, 70; P < .001) and readability (original, grade 13 vs simplified, grade 8.9; P < .001) and decreased word count (original, 193 vs simplified, 173; P < .001). Ninety-two percent (23 of 25) of simplified responses were considered clinically appropriate. All 25 (100%) simplified responses met criteria for adequate reading ease, compared with only two of 25 original responses (P < .001). Two of the 25 simplified responses (8%) met criteria for adequate readability. Conclusion ChatGPT simplified answers to common breast cancer screening and prevention questions by improving the readability by four grade levels, though the potential to produce incorrect information necessitates physician oversight when using this tool. Keywords: Mammography, Screening, Informatics, Breast, Education, Health Policy and Practice, Oncology, Technology Assessment Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana L. Haver
- From the University of Maryland Medical Intelligent Imaging (UM2ii)
Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, First Floor, Rm 1172,
Baltimore, MD 21201 (H.L.H., A.K.G., J.J., P.H.Y.); The Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (E.B.A., E.T.O.); Department of Radiology,
Division of Breast Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.B.);
Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Whiting School of Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (P.H.Y.); and Fischell Department of
Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of
Maryland–College Park, College Park, Md (P.H.Y.)
| | - Anuj K. Gupta
- From the University of Maryland Medical Intelligent Imaging (UM2ii)
Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, First Floor, Rm 1172,
Baltimore, MD 21201 (H.L.H., A.K.G., J.J., P.H.Y.); The Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (E.B.A., E.T.O.); Department of Radiology,
Division of Breast Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.B.);
Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Whiting School of Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (P.H.Y.); and Fischell Department of
Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of
Maryland–College Park, College Park, Md (P.H.Y.)
| | - Emily B. Ambinder
- From the University of Maryland Medical Intelligent Imaging (UM2ii)
Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, First Floor, Rm 1172,
Baltimore, MD 21201 (H.L.H., A.K.G., J.J., P.H.Y.); The Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (E.B.A., E.T.O.); Department of Radiology,
Division of Breast Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.B.);
Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Whiting School of Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (P.H.Y.); and Fischell Department of
Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of
Maryland–College Park, College Park, Md (P.H.Y.)
| | - Manisha Bahl
- From the University of Maryland Medical Intelligent Imaging (UM2ii)
Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, First Floor, Rm 1172,
Baltimore, MD 21201 (H.L.H., A.K.G., J.J., P.H.Y.); The Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (E.B.A., E.T.O.); Department of Radiology,
Division of Breast Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.B.);
Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Whiting School of Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (P.H.Y.); and Fischell Department of
Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of
Maryland–College Park, College Park, Md (P.H.Y.)
| | - Eniola T. Oluyemi
- From the University of Maryland Medical Intelligent Imaging (UM2ii)
Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, First Floor, Rm 1172,
Baltimore, MD 21201 (H.L.H., A.K.G., J.J., P.H.Y.); The Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (E.B.A., E.T.O.); Department of Radiology,
Division of Breast Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.B.);
Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Whiting School of Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (P.H.Y.); and Fischell Department of
Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of
Maryland–College Park, College Park, Md (P.H.Y.)
| | - Jean Jeudy
- From the University of Maryland Medical Intelligent Imaging (UM2ii)
Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, First Floor, Rm 1172,
Baltimore, MD 21201 (H.L.H., A.K.G., J.J., P.H.Y.); The Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (E.B.A., E.T.O.); Department of Radiology,
Division of Breast Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.B.);
Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Whiting School of Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (P.H.Y.); and Fischell Department of
Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of
Maryland–College Park, College Park, Md (P.H.Y.)
| | - Paul H. Yi
- From the University of Maryland Medical Intelligent Imaging (UM2ii)
Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, First Floor, Rm 1172,
Baltimore, MD 21201 (H.L.H., A.K.G., J.J., P.H.Y.); The Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (E.B.A., E.T.O.); Department of Radiology,
Division of Breast Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.B.);
Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Whiting School of Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (P.H.Y.); and Fischell Department of
Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of
Maryland–College Park, College Park, Md (P.H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
San Norberto EM, Revilla Á, Brizuela JA, Taylor JH. Quality and Readability of Spanish-Language Online Information for Aortic Aneurysm and Its Endovascular Treatment. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2024; 58:158-165. [PMID: 37593961 DOI: 10.1177/15385744231196644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic aneurysms represent a chronic degenerative disease with life-threatening implications. In order for patients to comprehend health related information, it must be written at a level that can be readily understood. STUDY DESIGN In January 2023, we searched "aneurisma aorta" and "endoprótesis aorta" terms on Google, Yahoo and Microsoft/Bing. The 31th websites provided by each search engine were analyzed. Four readability measures were used to evaluate websites regarding aortic aneurysm and their endovascular treatment in Spanish language: Flesch Index, Flesch-Szigriszt Index, Fernández-Huerta Index and grading Inflesz scale. The quality on information was evaluated by the HONcode seal, the DISCERN instrument and the JAMA benchmark criteria. RESULTS 180 websites containing the terms "aneurisma aorta" and "endoprótesis aorta" were analyzed. Among the websites retrieved, the mean Flesh index score (53.12 ± 6.09 and 47.48 ± 7.12, respectively; P = .019), the Flesch-Szigriszt index (56.39 ± 5.72 and 48.10 ± 8.33; P = .000), and the Fernández Huerta index (61.30 ± 5.59 and 53.19 ± 8.21; P = .000), corresponding to a "somewhat difficult" readability level. In addition, the Inflesz scale (2.62 ± .59 and 2.07 ± .61; P = .000) reported a "somewhat difficult" readability, higher for the websites regarding aortic aneurysm. The HONcode seal was only presented in websites regarding aortic aneurysm (16.7%), whereas none of the websites relating to aortic endoprostheses presented it (0%) (P = .000). Websites that presented the HONcode seal obtained higher DISCERN score (P = .000, 95% CI = 6.42-16.84) and JAMA score (P = .000, 95% CI = 3.44-11.32). CONCLUSION Internet information on aortic aneurysms and aortic endoprostheses is too difficult to read for the general Spanish-speaking population and is lacking in quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Revilla
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Valladolid University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José A Brizuela
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Valladolid University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
| | - James H Taylor
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Valencia General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McCarty DB, Sierra-Arevalo L, Caldwell Ashur AC, White JT, Villa Torres L. Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptations of Physical Therapy Parent Educational Materials for Use in Neonatal Intensive Care. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:93-100. [PMID: 38229765 PMCID: PMC10790584 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s432635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A paucity of Spanish language, culturally relevant parent education materials in the healthcare setting results in suboptimal care for Latinx families and further perpetuates health disparities. The purpose of this article is to describe the process for Spanish translation and cultural adaptations to parent education materials of a parent-centered physical therapy program designed to support maternal mental health and infant development during Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU). Methods Two bilingual physical therapy (PT) students translated educational materials from English to Spanish and were proofread by a professional translator. Next, we conducted a materials review with 5 members of the Latine Community Review Board (CRB), a "standing" advisory group of natively Spanish-speaking, Latine North Carolinians who contract with research teams under the coordination of the Inclusive Science Program (ISP) of the North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS). Review session recruitment, facilitation, and data analysis were conducted by bilingual NC TraCS project managers and the primary investigator for the main feasibility study. Readability analyses were performed at the final stage of translation and adaptation. Results Themes from CRB review sessions for improvement included to 1) use parent-friendly language, 2) use the plural masculine form of gendered language for caregivers to include all gender identities in this neonatal context, 3) address challenges with direct translation, and 4) use written education materials to supplement in-person, hands-on training with parents and their infants. All translated materials received a grade level of 5 on the Crawford grade-level index. Conclusion Based on CRB feedback and readability analysis, the translation and cultural-adaptation process resulted in comprehensible written parent education materials for Spanish-speaking families. Review meetings with the CRB reinforced the need for Spanish materials in the healthcare setting. Further assessment of these materials with Spanish-speaking families in the NICU setting is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana B McCarty
- Department of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Ana-Clara Caldwell Ashur
- Department of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Tommy White
- North Carolina Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura Villa Torres
- Public Health Leadership Program, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quintero S, Zraick RI, Rosa-Lugo LI, La Scala JD. Readability of Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Part B Procedural Safeguards Notices Written in Spanish. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2023; 54:355-363. [PMID: 36351257 DOI: 10.1044/2022_lshss-21-00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the readability of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part B procedural safeguard notices written in Spanish, as distributed by each of the 50 states in the United States and the District of Columbia. Results were compared with the 6th-8th grade document readability guideline recommended by experts in health communication. METHOD A commercially available readability software program was used to assess document readability using three readability indices: the Gilliam-Peña-Mountain Graph, SOL, and the Fry Readability Adaptation for Spanish Evaluation. RESULTS All procedural safeguard notices were written at a reading grade level greater than established guidelines. This finding agrees with research that has examined the readability of English-language versions of IDEA Part B procedural safeguard notices. CONCLUSIONS Literacy-related skills and demands may influence the ability of the parent to advocate on behalf of his or her child with a disability within the school setting. Educators and specialists should be sensitive to parent reading preferences and proficiency when reviewing IDEA procedural safeguards notices. Authors of procedural safeguard notices should account for the native language and culture of the intended reader as revisions to, and translations are made of, IDEA procedural safeguards notices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Quintero
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | - Richard I Zraick
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | - Linda I Rosa-Lugo
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | - Jennifer D La Scala
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsoi MF, Li HL, Feng Q, Cheung CL, Cheung TT, Cheung BMY. Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States in 1999-2018: A 20-Year Analysis. Obes Facts 2022; 15:560-569. [PMID: 35358970 PMCID: PMC9421675 DOI: 10.1159/000524261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a public health crisis in the USA. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children and adolescents and identify novel targetable risk factors associated with childhood obesity. METHODS From the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018, 35,907 children aged 2-19 with body mass index (BMI) data were included. Obesity and severe obesity were defined as BMI ≥95th percentile and ≥120% of 95th percentile of US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts, respectively. Trends in the prevalence of obesity and subgroup analyses according to socioeconomic factors and language used in the interview were analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity and severe obesity increased from 14.7 [95% confidence interval: 12.9-17.0]% to 19.2 [17.2-21.0]% and 3.9 [2.9-5.0]% to 6.1 [4.8-8.0]% in 1999-2018, respectively (p = 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively). In 2017-2018, the prevalence of obesity among children from Spanish-speaking households was 24.4 [22.4-27.0]%, higher than children from English-speaking households (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION The prevalence of childhood obesity kept increasing in 1999-2018. The problem is worse in children from Spanish-speaking households. Novel and targeted public health intervention strategies are urgently warranted to effectively halt the rising epidemic of childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Fung Tsoi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang-Long Li
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,
| | - Qi Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tommy T Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bernard M Y Cheung
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Avila S, Macayan JPM, Haydon A, Rooney MK, Callender B, Franco I, Ortega P, Ichikawa T, Golden DW. Readability of a Radiotherapy Graphic Narrative Patient Education Guide Series in English and Spanish. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Villa Camacho JC, Pena MA, Flores EJ, Little BP, Parikh Y, Narayan AK, Miles RC. Addressing Linguistic Barriers to Care: Evaluation of Breast Cancer Online Patient Educational Materials for Spanish-Speaking Patients. J Am Coll Radiol 2021; 18:919-926. [PMID: 33676914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the readability of breast cancer online patient educational materials (OPEM) written in Spanish and to compare to equivalent English-language OPEM. METHODS The breast cancer-related terms cáncer de seno (breast cancer), detección de cáncer de seno (breast cancer screening), and biopsia de seno (breast biopsy) were queried using an online search engine. After each query, educational information related to the queried term was downloaded from each website appearing on the first five search engine result pages. Readability of Spanish-language OPEM was evaluated using the Crawford reading grade score. When available, equivalent English-language OPEM from the same website was then evaluated using the mean of five validated readability indices. Differences in readability, word count, and reading time between Spanish- and English-language OPEM were compared using an unpaired t test. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the proportion of websites meeting AMA recommendations for patient educational resources. RESULTS Queries for cáncer de seno, detección de cáncer de seno, and biopsia de seno yielded 27, 31, and 30 results of term-specific OPEM. Equivalent English-language versions were available for 19 (70.4%), 18 (58.1%), and 20 (66.7%) websites, respectively. Spanish-language OPEM were written at a lower grade reading level than equivalent English-language versions overall (5.49 ± 0.50 versus 7.77 ± 1.95, P < .01). Spanish-language OPEM were also more likely than English-language OPEM to meet AMA recommendations (82.9% versus 40.4%, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer-related Spanish-language OPEM were written at a significantly lower grade reading level compared with equivalent information written in English.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Pena
- Harvard Kennedy School of Government, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Efren J Flores
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Officer, Radiology Community Health Improvement, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brent P Little
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Assistant Director, Radiology Resident Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yasha Parikh
- Chief Resident, Diagnostic Radiology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anand K Narayan
- Co-Chair, Radiology Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Committee, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Randy C Miles
- Education Director, Division of Breast Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krishnaraj A, Rigsby CK. Re: “Readability of Spanish-Language Patient Education Materials From RadiologyInfo.org”. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 17:564-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|