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Fathi M, Eshraghi R, Behzad S, Tavasol A, Bahrami A, Tafazolimoghadam A, Bhatt V, Ghadimi D, Gholamrezanezhad A. Potential strength and weakness of artificial intelligence integration in emergency radiology: a review of diagnostic utilizations and applications in patient care optimization. Emerg Radiol 2024:10.1007/s10140-024-02278-2. [PMID: 39190230 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-024-02278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and its recent increasing healthcare integration has created both new opportunities and challenges in the practice of radiology and medical imaging. Recent advancements in AI technology have allowed for more workplace efficiency, higher diagnostic accuracy, and overall improvements in patient care. Limitations of AI such as data imbalances, the unclear nature of AI algorithms, and the challenges in detecting certain diseases make it difficult for its widespread adoption. This review article presents cases involving the use of AI models to diagnose intracranial hemorrhage, spinal fractures, and rib fractures, while discussing how certain factors like, type, location, size, presence of artifacts, calcification, and post-surgical changes, affect AI model performance and accuracy. While the use of artificial intelligence has the potential to improve the practice of emergency radiology, it is important to address its limitations to maximize its advantages while ensuring the safety of patients overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Fathi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Eshraghi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Arian Tavasol
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Vivek Bhatt
- School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Delaram Ghadimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Division of Emergency Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Hospital, University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Parikh JR, Lexa F. Practical Strategies to Retain Radiologists. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:963-968. [PMID: 38101499 PMCID: PMC11144110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the great resignation associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, radiology practices are now challenged with maintaining adequate radiology staffing requirements to cope with increasing clinical workload requirements. The authors describe practical strategies for radiology practice leaders to retain radiologists in the current challenging job market, while mitigating their burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Parikh
- Professor, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Frank Lexa
- Professor and Vice Chair, Faculty Affairs, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Rao K, Perry S, Hagedorn J, Carter K, Balkenende B, Policeni B. Impact of a Reading Room Coordinator on Efficiency of On-Call Radiology Residents. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:642-650. [PMID: 37777077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few level I trauma, tertiary care, academic centers have a paid, permanent reading room coordinator (RRC) to facilitate image management services during off-hour calls, to minimize interruptions to reading workflow. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of an RRC on the efficiency of radiology residents signing preliminary reports for emergency department (ED) and inpatient studies. METHODS A pre- and postintervention retrospective review was performed, using carestream PACS to retrieve imaging studies read on call during two time periods-July 1 to December 1, 2019 (pre-RRC), and July 1 to December 1, 2021 (post-RRC). Efficiency of residents signing preliminary reports was measured by turnaround time (TAT), defined as the time from when a study was marked complete by a technologist to when a preliminary report was signed by a resident, in PACS. RESULTS In the above time periods, residents interpreted a total of 64,406 studies on call. For ED studies, the mean TAT was 7.0 min shorter post-RRC, compared with pre-RRC (95% confidence interval [CI]: -7.8 to -6.1, (t = 15.50, degrees of freedom (df) = 31,866, P < .0001). The percentage of ED studies signed within 30 min increased from 57.7% to 65.8%, an increase of 8.1% (95% CI: 7.0% to 9.1%) after employing an RRC (χ2 = 228.11, df = 1, P < .0001). For inpatient studies, the mean TAT was 10.2 min shorter post-RRC (95% CI: -12.3 to -8.0, t = 9.22, df = 25,193, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS An RRC increased radiology resident on-call workflow efficiency, facilitating care for patients in both the ED and inpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Rao
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sarah Perry
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joshua Hagedorn
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Knute Carter
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics; Deputy Director, Center for Public Health Statistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Bruno Policeni
- Clinical Professor, Director of Neuroradiology Fellowship; Vice-Chair for Operations and Education, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Velleman T, Hein S, Dierckx RAJO, Noordzij W, Kwee TC. Reading room assistants to reduce workload and interruptions of radiology residents during on-call hours: Initial evaluation. Eur J Radiol 2024; 173:111381. [PMID: 38428253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine how much timesaving and reduction of interruptions reading room assistants can provide by taking over non-image interpretation tasks (NITs) from radiology residents during on-call hours. METHODS Reading room assistants are medical students who were trained to take over NITs from radiology residents (e.g. answering telephone calls, administrative tasks and logistics) to reduce residents' workload during on-call hours. Reading room assistants' and residents' activities were tracked during 6 weekend dayshifts in a tertiary care academic center (with more than 2.5 million inhabitants in its catchment area) between 10 a.m. and 5p.m. (7-hour shift, 420 min), and time spent on each activity was recorded. RESULTS Reading room assistants spent the most time on the following timesaving activities for residents: answering incoming (41 min, 19%) and outgoing telephone calls (35 min, 16%), ultrasound machine related activities (19 min, 9%) and paramedical assistance such as supporting residents during ultrasound guided procedures and with patients (17 min, 8%). Reading room assistants saved 132 min of residents' time by taking over NITs while also spending circa 31 min consulting the resident, resulting in a net timesaving of 101 min (24%) during a 7-hour shift. The reading room assistants also prevented residents from being interrupted, at a mean of 18 times during the 7-hour shift. CONCLUSION This study shows that the implementation of reading room assistants to radiology on-call hours could provide a timesaving for residents and also reduce the number of times residents are being interrupted during their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton Velleman
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sandra Hein
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas C Kwee
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Gillingham N, Gupta D, Kamath A, Kagen A. Implementation of Medical Students as Radiology Reading Room Coordinators. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024; 53:150-153. [PMID: 37925236 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effort has been made to minimize the burden of non-interpretive tasks (NITs), in particular by hiring and training non-radiologist support staff as reading room coordinators (RRCs). Our medical center recruited and trained senior medical students from our affiliated school of medicine to work alongside on-call radiology residents as RRCs. METHODS A 12-month Malpractice Carrier monetary grant was acquired to fund medical students at with the aim to reduce malpractice risk. After the first year, residents were surveyed regarding the impact of the RRCs on perceived on-call efficiency and morale. Furthermore, report turnaround times (TAT) on call shifts that were and were not accompanied by a RRC were compared. RESULTS 89 % of residents strongly agreed that the RRC improved workflow efficiency, decreased distractions, and felt less stressed during the call shift when the RRC was on duty. 78 % strongly agreed to be more likely to contact a referring clinician when the RRC was able to help coordinate. The mean TAT in the presence of a RRC was 36.8 min, and the mean TAT in the absence of a RRC was 36.9 min DISCUSSION: After hiring medical students to assist on-call radiology residents with noninterpretive tasks, residents reported subjective indicators of program success, but average report turnaround time was unaffected. Nevertheless, we predict that this type of program will continue to grow among academic radiology departments, though additional research is required to evaluate national trends and impacts on radiologist productivity and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gillingham
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai West. 1000 10th Ave, Radiology Department, 4B 25, New York, NY 10019, USA.
| | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai West. 1000 10th Ave, Radiology Department, 4B 25, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Amita Kamath
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital and Mount Sinai West. 1000 10th Ave, Radiology Department, 4B 25, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Alexander Kagen
- Site Chair, Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 1000 10th Ave, Radiology Department, 4B 25, New York, NY 10019, USA
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MacBeth R, Ravi S, Abuhamdeh I, Avery R, Wien M, Faraji N. Decreasing Workflow and Educational Interruptions in the Reading Room: Working Smarter, Not Harder. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2023; 52:511-514. [PMID: 37460359 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disruptions in image interpretation lead to interrupted education and inefficiency, and ultimately delay patient care. In the academic reading room, time can often be spent rerouting phone calls. The objective of this study was to evaluate resident perception of current workflow, decrease interruptions, and improve patient care and resident education by implementing a cost-effective automated centralized phone tree. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phone call records were obtained between January 25 and February 23, 2021 and May 3 and June 30, 2021 prior to implementation of an automated centralized phone tree within the Emergency Radiology reading room. Calls during weekday business hours were evaluated. Postimplementation phone records were obtained over 4 weeks (August 20-September 16, 2021). Residents on rotation were surveyed prior to and after phone tree implementation regarding the qualitative impact. RESULTS The total number of phone calls decreased after phone tree implementation to 8 calls over a 19-day period from 100-200 phone calls over a 20-22 day period. There is a statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.017) in the median number of phone calls postimplementation for all compared preimplementation time points. Resident surveys also demonstrate a statistically significant improvement (p-value < 0.05) in the evaluated metrics. CONCLUSIONS Data demonstrate a quantitative decrease in the number of calls arriving at the Emergency Radiology reading room as well as qualitative improvements in resident workplace satisfaction, feelings of burnout, and burden of interruptions. These data suggest that a self-directed triage system (eg, phone tree) could provide a cost-effective and simple means of decreasing interruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- RaeLynne MacBeth
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Shweta Ravi
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Imran Abuhamdeh
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ross Avery
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael Wien
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Navid Faraji
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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Haver H, Knecht S, Ptak T, Awan OA. Medical Students and the Informal Radiology Curriculum: Adopting the Emergency Radiology Triage Assistant Program (ER-TAP) Amid COVID-19. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:381-383. [PMID: 36608958 PMCID: PMC9811183 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Haver
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samuel Knecht
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tom Ptak
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Omer A. Awan
- Associate Vice Chair of Education, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201,Address correspondence to: O. A. A
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Rigsby RK, Peters EM. Resident-attending discrepancy rates for two consecutive versus nonconsecutive weeks of overnight shifts. Emerg Radiol 2022; 29:819-823. [PMID: 35616766 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-022-02056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education policy changes no longer limit the number of consecutive night shifts allowed for trainees. Few studies have examined radiology resident overnight performance over time. This study aimed to compare significant resident-attending discrepancy rates for residents working 2 nonconsecutive versus consecutive weeks of overnight shifts. The authors hypothesized significantly increased week-two discrepancies in the consecutive group. METHODS For 2020, a retrospective analysis of significant overnight resident-attending discrepancy rates over a 24-week period using database searches was performed for residents self-selecting 2 nonconsecutive versus consecutive weeks. The nonconsecutive group typically had a 7-day mix of days off and day shifts between their night shift weeks. Paired and unpaired t tests were performed with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS For the 24 sets of 2 weeks covered by two residents at a time, eight were nonconsecutive and 16 were consecutive. The nonconsecutive group had 75.0% R4 coverage compared to 37.5% for the consecutive group. There were no significant study volume differences between the groups. A total of 27,906 studies (35.3% cross-sectional [CT and MR], 54.9% radiograph plus fluoroscopy, 9.8% US) were performed with 223 discrepancies (0.80%). Overall discrepancies for the nonconsecutive versus consecutive groups were 39/4505 (0.87%) versus 59/9462 (0.62%; p = 0.32) for week one and 46/4732 (1.0%) versus 79/9207 (0.86%; p = 0.60) for week two with no significant differences between the groups by modality. CONCLUSION Residents self-selecting 2 consecutive weeks of overnight shifts do not have increased resident-attending discrepancy rates compared to 2 nonconsecutive weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Rigsby
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Eric M Peters
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Kundisch A, Hönning A, Mutze S, Kreissl L, Spohn F, Lemcke J, Sitz M, Sparenberg P, Goelz L. Deep learning algorithm in detecting intracranial hemorrhages on emergency computed tomographies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260560. [PMID: 34843559 PMCID: PMC8629230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly accurate detection of intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) on head computed tomography (HCT) scans can prove challenging at high-volume centers. This study aimed to determine the number of additional ICHs detected by an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and to evaluate reasons for erroneous results at a level I trauma center with teleradiology services. METHODS In a retrospective multi-center cohort study, consecutive emergency non-contrast HCT scans were analyzed by a commercially available ICH detection software (AIDOC, Tel Aviv, Israel). Discrepancies between AI analysis and initial radiology report (RR) were reviewed by a blinded neuroradiologist to determine the number of additional ICHs detected and evaluate reasons leading to errors. RESULTS 4946 HCT (05/2020-09/2020) from 18 hospitals were included in the analysis. 205 reports (4.1%) were classified as hemorrhages by both radiology report and AI. Out of a total of 162 (3.3%) discrepant reports, 62 were confirmed as hemorrhages by the reference neuroradiologist. 33 ICHs were identified exclusively via RRs. The AI algorithm detected an additional 29 instances of ICH, missed 12.4% of ICH and overcalled 1.9%; RRs missed 10.9% of ICHs and overcalled 0.2%. Many of the ICHs missed by the AI algorithm were located in the subarachnoid space (42.4%) and under the calvaria (48.5%). 85% of ICHs missed by RRs occurred outside of regular working-hours. Calcifications (39.3%), beam-hardening artifacts (18%), tumors (15.7%), and blood vessels (7.9%) were the most common reasons for AI overcalls. ICH size, image quality, and primary examiner experience were not found to be significantly associated with likelihood of incorrect AI results. CONCLUSION Complementing human expertise with AI resulted in a 12.2% increase in ICH detection. The AI algorithm overcalled 1.9% HCT. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00023593).
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Kundisch
- Center for Emergency Training, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Hönning
- Center for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Mutze
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lutz Kreissl
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Spohn
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Lemcke
- Department of Neurosurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Sitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Sparenberg
- Department of Neurology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Goelz
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Early Impact of Pennsylvania Act 112 on Follow-up of Abnormal Imaging Findings. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 17:1676-1683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Borthakur A, Barbosa EM, Katz S, Knollmann FD, Kahn CE, Schnall MD, Litt H. WITHDRAWN: Radiology Extenders: Impact on Throughput and Accuracy for Routine Chest Radiographs. J Am Coll Radiol 2020:S1546-1440(20)31004-8. [PMID: 33065074 PMCID: PMC7553053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijitt Borthakur
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eduardo M Barbosa
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharyn Katz
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Friedrich D Knollmann
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles E Kahn
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mitchell D Schnall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harold Litt
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Kuhn KJ, Larson DB. Critical Results in Radiology: Defined by Clinical Judgment or by a List? J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 18:294-297. [PMID: 32783896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin J Kuhn
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.
| | - David B Larson
- Vice Chair for Education and Clinical Operations, Associate Chief Quality Officer for Improvement for Improvement for Stanford Health Care, physician co-leader of the Stanford Medicine Center for Improvement at Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
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