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Verma K, Amitabh, Prasad DN, Reddy MPK, Kohli E. Kynurenines Dynamics in the Periphery and Central Nervous System Steers Behavioral Deficits in Rats under Hypobaric Hypoxia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1084-1095. [PMID: 38462729 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
People travel to high-altitude regions as tourists, workers, and military personnel on duty. Despite the consistent 21% oxygen content in the atmosphere, ascending to higher altitudes results in a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen, inducing a state known as hypobaric hypoxia (HH). HH is an environmental stress that is responsible for neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits (anxiety, depression, mood disturbance, etc.), but little is known about its metabolic pathways. The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a promising candidate to uncover the mysteries of HH stress, as it is an important regulator of the immune system and is associated with behavioral deficits. To investigate the role of KP under HH, the levels of KP metabolites in the serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain tissue (prefrontal cortex-PFC, neocortex, and hippocampus) of male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to HH at 7620 m for 1, 3, and 7 days were estimated utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The behavioral analogs for anxiety-like and depression-like behavior were assessed using the open field test and forced swim test, respectively. Upon HH exposure, crosstalk between the periphery and central nervous system and KP metabolite region-dependent differential expression in the brain were observed. KP metabolites showed a positive correlation with behavioral parameters. The results of our study are indicative that KP can be proposed as the etiology of behavioral deficits, and KP metabolite levels in serum or CSF can be used as plausible markers for anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors under HH stress with a scope of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Verma
- Department of Neurobiology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur,Delhi 110054, India
| | - Amitabh
- Department of Neurobiology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur,Delhi 110054, India
| | - Dipti N Prasad
- Department of Neurobiology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur,Delhi 110054, India
| | - M Prasanna Kumar Reddy
- Department of Applied Physiology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ekta Kohli
- Department of Neurobiology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur,Delhi 110054, India
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Herrmann L, Ade J, Kühnel A, Widmann A, Demenescu LR, Li M, Opel N, Speck O, Walter M, Colic L. Cross-sectional study of retrospective self-reported childhood emotional neglect and inhibitory neurometabolite levels in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in adult humans. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 25:100556. [PMID: 37521513 PMCID: PMC10371855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High childhood emotional maltreatment (CM-EMO) is reported in mood and anxiety disorders. The associations with an increased risk for psychopathology are not fully understood. One potential factor may be through alterations in gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). The pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) is an important brain region for emotion processing and its' GABA levels were previously implicated in mood and anxiety disorders pathophysiology. We examined the association between the self-reported CM-EMO in adulthood and GABA + levels in the pgACC and in a control region, anterior mid cingulate cortex. GABA+ and total creatine (tCr) were measured in the pgACC and aMCC voxels in seventy-four healthy volunteers (32 (43%) women, ages 19-54, age [standard deviation] = 27.1 [6.5]) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was completed by adult participants to measure retrospective self-reported experience of emotional neglect (CM-EMO-NEG) and emotional abuse (CM-EMO-AB) during childhood. Linear mixed models tested the interaction between the region and the two subscales, and GABA+/tCr ratios, with an adjusted alpha = 0.025. Following, linear models, including with covariates were tested. There was an interaction effect between region and CM-EMO-NEG (B = -0.007, p = 0.009), driven by a negative relationship between CM-EMO-NEG and GABA+/tCr in the pgACC (B = -0.004, p = 0.013). Results for CM-EMO-NEG were robust to inclusion of different covariates (ps < 0.035). There was no interaction effect for the CM-EMO-AB (B = 0.007, p = 0.4). Limitations include cross-sectional measurement and retrospective nature of the CTQ. The findings indicate preliminary importance of inhibitory neurometabolite concentrations in the pgACC for retrospective reporting of CM-EMO-NEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Ade
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, Center for Mental Health, Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anne Kühnel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry and International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
- Section of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annina Widmann
- Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Meng Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health, Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health, Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- German Center for Mental Health, Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health, Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lejla Colic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health, Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
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Elsaid S, Rubin-Kahana DS, Kloiber S, Kennedy SH, Chavez S, Le Foll B. Neurochemical Alterations in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): A Systematic Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094754. [PMID: 35563145 PMCID: PMC9105768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: Considering that current knowledge of mechanisms involved in the molecular pathogenesis of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is limited, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate cumulative data obtained by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic (1H MRS) studies. (2) Methods: A computer-based literature search of Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and ProQuest was performed. Only cross-sectional studies using 1H MRS techniques in participants with SAD and healthy controls (HCs) were selected. (3) Results: The search generated eight studies. The results indicated regional abnormalities in the ‘fear neurocircuitry’ in patients with SAD. The implicated regions included the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), insula, occipital cortex (OC), as well as the subcortical regions, including the thalamus, caudate, and the putamen. (4) Conclusions: The evidence derived from eight studies suggests that possible pathophysiological mechanisms of SAD include impairments in the integrity and function of neurons and glial cells, including disturbances in energy metabolism, maintenance of phospholipid membranes, dysregulations of second messenger systems, and excitatory/inhibitory neurocircuitry. Conducting more cross-sectional studies with larger sample sizes is warranted given the limited evidence in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Elsaid
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (S.E.); (D.S.R.-K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Dafna S. Rubin-Kahana
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (S.E.); (D.S.R.-K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sidney H. Kennedy
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON N1E 6K9, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (S.E.); (D.S.R.-K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON L9M 1G3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 33111)
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Bio DS, Moreno RA, Garcia-Otaduy MC, Nery F, Lafer B, Soeiro-de-Souza MG. Altered brain creatine cycle metabolites in bipolar I disorder with childhood abuse: A 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110233. [PMID: 33387596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood abuse (CA) is a risk factor for a number of psychiatric disorders and has been associated with higher risk of developing bipolar disorders (BD). CA in BD has been associated with more severe clinical outcomes, but the neurobiological explanation for this is unknown. Few studies have explored in vivo measurement of brain metabolites using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in CA and no studies have investigated the association of CA severity with brain neurometabolites in BD. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether CA severity is associated with changes in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurometabolite profile in BD and HC subjects. METHODS Fifty-nine BD I euthymic patients and fifty-nine HC subjects were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and underwent a 3-Tesla 1H-MRS scan. Severity of childhood abuse (physical, sexual and emotional) and its association with levels of brain metabolites was analyzed within each group. RESULTS BD patients had higher total scores on the CTQ and higher severity rates of sexual and physical abuse compared to HC subjects. Greater severity of physical and sexual abuse was associated with increased ACC PCr level and lower Cr/PCr ratio in the BD group only. CONCLUSION Sexual and physical abuse in BD patients, but not in HC subjects, appeared to be associated with creatine metabolism in the ACC, which can influence neuronal mitochondrial energy production. Further studies should investigate whether this is the mechanism underlying the association between CA and worse clinical outcomes in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Soares Bio
- Mood Disorders Unit (PROGRUDA), Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alberto Moreno
- Mood Disorders Unit (PROGRUDA), Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Nery
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, United States
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorders Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Abdollahzadeh Rafi M, Hasanzadeh Avval M, Yazdani AA, Bahrami F. The Influence of Religiosity on the Emotional-Behavioral Health of Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:1870-1888. [PMID: 30565166 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-00747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Religion is a multidimensional structure. Former studies examined only one or a few dimensions of the religion and the study that has looked comprehensively to the topic was not found. Considering this feature, the impact of religion on the emotional-behavioral health of adolescents should be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of religiosity on the emotional-behavioral health of adolescents. Data were collected using religiosity, trauma resilience scale, emotional abuse, and Achenbach's Youth Self Report questionnaires in a 511-person sample of adolescents (318 girls and 193 boys). The results showed that various dimensions of religiosity are positively correlated with emotional-behavioral health of adolescents. A positive correlation was found between individual and familial factors with emotional-behavioral health of adolescents. Religiosity directly affects the emotional-behavioral health of adolescents. It also indirectly affects the emotional-behavioral health of adolescents through familial and individual factors. These findings show the important role of individual and familial factors in the impact of religiosity on the emotional-behavioral health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abas Ali Yazdani
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Bahrami
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Averill LA, Abdallah CG, Fenton LR, Fasula MK, Jiang L, Rothman DL, Mason GF, Sanacora G. Early life stress and glutamate neurotransmission in major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 35:71-80. [PMID: 32418842 PMCID: PMC7913468 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) and glutamate neurotransmission have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). In non-human primates, ELS was positively correlated with cortical Glx (i.e., glutamate + glutamine). However, the relationship between ELS and cortical glutamate in adult patients with MDD is not fully known. Using 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), we conducted exploratory analyses measuring occipital cortical glutamate and glutamine levels in 36 medication-free patients with MDD. In a subsample (n=11), we measured dynamic glutamate/glutamine cycling (Vcycle) using advanced 13C MRS methods. ELS history was assessed using Early-life Trauma Inventory (ETI). Exploratory analyses suggest a relationship between ETI and glutamine as reflected by a significant positive correlation between ETI scores and occipital glutamine (rs=0.39, p=0.017) but not glutamate. Post-hoc analyses showed that the association with glutamine was driven by the ETI emotional abuse (ETI-EA) subscale (rs=0.39, p=0.02). Vcycle correlation with ETI was at trend level (rs=0.55, p=0.087) and significantly correlated with ETI-EA (rs=0.67, p=0.03). In this small sample of patients with MDD, those with childhood emotional abuse appear to have increased occipital glutamate neurotransmission as reflected by increased glutamate/glutamine cycling and glutamine level. Future studies would be needed to confirm this pilot evidence and to examine whether ELS effects on glutamate neurotransmission underlie the relationship between ELS and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette A Averill
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516 USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516 USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Lisa R Fenton
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Madonna K Fasula
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Tompkins East TE-2, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Tompkins East TE-2, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Graeme F Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511 USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Tompkins East TE-2, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
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Gul A, Gul H. How women with intimate partner violence (IPV) reason about other's intentions: effect of IPV on counterfactual inferences among healthy high socioeconomic level women from Turkey. ARCH CLIN PSYCHIAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gul
- Ufuk University School of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Hesna Gul
- Gulhane Research and Training Hospital, Turkey
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Hoppen TH, Chalder T. Childhood adversity as a transdiagnostic risk factor for affective disorders in adulthood: A systematic review focusing on biopsychosocial moderating and mediating variables. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 65:81-151. [PMID: 30189342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Academic Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, UK
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Coplan JD, Webler R, Gopinath S, Abdallah CG, Mathew SJ. Neurobiology of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in GAD: Aberrant neurometabolic correlation to hippocampus and relationship to anxiety sensitivity and IQ. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:1-13. [PMID: 29288871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neurometabolism underlying the cognitive and affective symptoms associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) remain poorly understood. After we have linked worry to intelligence in patients with GAD, we hypothesized that aberrant neurometabolic correlations between hippocampus and neocortical regions may underlie a shared substrate in GAD patients for both anxiety sensitivity and intelligence. METHODS GAD patients (n = 16; F = 11) and healthy volunteers (n = 16; F = 10) were assessed using 1H-MRSI. Co-axial planes I [hippocampus (HIPP)] and co-axial plane III [dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), central gyrus (CG)] were examined. Using general linear models, we examined resting metabolite concentrations using HIPP as a hub to CG and DLPFC. Neocortical ROIs were related to Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) in GAD patients versus controls. RESULTS Right hippocampal Cho/Cr directly predicted left DLPFC Cho/Cr in GAD (r = 0.75), an effect distinguishable (p = 0.0004) from controls. Left HIPP Cho/Cr positively predicted left CG Cho/Cr in GAD, an effect distinguishable from controls. In patients, both left and right DLPFC Cho/Cr positively predicted ASI but only left DLPFC Cho/Cr inversely predicted IQ. By contrast, IQ in controls correlated directly with left CG Cho/Cr. LIMITATIONS Small sample size precluded us from investigating how gender and FSIQ subscales related to neurochemical correlations in the ROIs examined. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant resting state neurochemical correlation between left DLPFC and right HIPP may contribute to GAD symptomatology. Unlike controls, in GAD, IQ and worry may share a common yet inverse neurometabolic substrate in left DLPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Coplan
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Ryan Webler
- Yale Depression Research Program, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Srinath Gopinath
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sanjay J Mathew
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Dong MX, Li CM, Shen P, Hu QC, Wei YD, Ren YF, Yu J, Gui SW, Liu YY, Pan JX, Xie P. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator induces long-term anxiety-like behaviors via the ERK1/2-GAD1-GABA cascade in the hippocampus of a rat model. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:119-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Metabolic alterations in generalised anxiety disorder: a review of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2017; 26:587-595. [PMID: 28789715 PMCID: PMC6998988 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796017000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common psychiatric illness characterised by selective morpho-functional brain alterations. The breath of neuroimaging studies investigating the neural basis of GAD is extensive; however, its pathophysiology is still largely unknown. Specifically for proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (¹H MRS) investigations, which have the aim of identifying differences in metabolite levels between conditions in key brain areas, often showed contrasting results. Indeed, there are selected ¹H MRS studies reporting deficits of key metabolites in GAD patients; however, collectively the literature remains mixed with respect to consistency of major findings. In this review, we evaluate published ¹H MRS studies on GAD with the final aim of providing a comprehensive overview of the extent of neurometabolic dysfunctions associated with GAD. Interestingly, the majority of the studies reviewed showed altered metabolite levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus suggesting regional specificity. These results also provide evidence of the utility of ¹H MRS not only for elucidating the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, but also for the identification of more beneficial and targeted pharmacological interventions. Additionally, future studies are warranted to overcome methodological differences observed across the studies.
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