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Ma S, Zhu J, Xie S, Chen R, Li X, Wei W. Suboptimal dietary quality is associated with mental symptoms among adults aged 40 years and over in China: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:802-811. [PMID: 37597777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The previous studies an association between dietary patterns and psychiatric symptoms. However, few studies have examined the association of quality of dietary patterns and anxiety, depressive symptoms in the Chinese population. METHODS Between 2017 and 2019, a population-based, cross-sectional survey was carried out in China. Uniformed questionnaires collected the demographic characteristics and food data. The dietary quality of the adults was evaluated using the revised Diet Balance Index 2016 (DBI-16). We measured anxiety and depression symptoms using the the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. RESULTS A total of 73,737 participants were recruited during the survey period. 17.6 % and 13.7 % of residents suffer from anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. The DBI-16 indicates that participants with anxiety or depression symptoms had higher scores of low bound score (LBS, refers to inadequate food intake) and dietary quality distance (DQD, refers to unbalanced food intake) than those without anxiety or depression. The logistic regression models showed that high levels of LBS and DQD problems were more strongly associated with anxiety (LBS:OR = 1.20, DQD:OR = 1.30) and depressive symptoms (LBS:OR = 1.21, DQD:OR = 1.44). On the contrary, higher bound score (HBS, refers to excessive food intake) was significantly negatively correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Moreover, each increase in the food group was associated with 4 % lower odds of anxiety and 6 % lower odds of depression symptoms. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design and self-reporting of psychological symptoms and dietary information limit the generalizability of the results. CONCLUSION The dietary quality of adults aged 40 years and over in China is suboptimal, with excessive and inadequate food intake simultaneously. Dietary imbalance, and low dietary diversity may be related to anxiety and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanrui Ma
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuanghua Xie
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ru Chen
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xinqing Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Alharbi MH. Influence of Weight-Control Attempts as Based on Self-Perception of Macronutrient Intake Among Young Females and Its Association with Mood Disorder. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3319-3331. [PMID: 37636582 PMCID: PMC10460184 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s418005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are a few studies on the association between macronutrients and mood, but none on weight control based on self-perception of specific macronutrients and mood. Objective To assess the association between anxiety and depression levels and weight-control attempts among young females based on self-perception of diet that impacts weight by limiting or boosting a certain macronutrient. Methods A cross-sectional survey conducted on young females (n=302) with an age range of 19 to 29. Dietary intake was measured using the Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24h-dietary recall. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Results Analysis of the data showed a significant and inverse association of macronutrients - carbohydrates (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.95; p < 0.01), protein (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78-0.97; p < 0.05), and fat (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.63-0.99; p < 0.05) - with the odds of abnormal anxiety was noted. In addition, lower omega-3 intake was significantly associated with abnormal anxiety score (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76-0.97; p < 0.05) and abnormal depression score (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.14-0.68; p < 0.01). Increased calorie intake is associated with an increased risk of anxiety scores. Conclusion This preliminary study found the importance of monitoring dietary intake, especially macronutrients, among the young population to screen for any onset of mood symptoms, especially for those who are following a specific diet without any supervision. Young people should be aware of the importance of following a balanced diet and seek dietitians' consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudi H Alharbi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, 42353, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Zielińska M, Łuszczki E, Dereń K. Dietary Nutrient Deficiencies and Risk of Depression (Review Article 2018-2023). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112433. [PMID: 37299394 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is classified as one of the most common mental disorders. Its prevalence has recently increased, becoming a growing public health threat. This review focuses on clarifying the role and importance of individual nutrients in the diet and the impact of nutrient deficiencies on the risk of depression. Deficiencies in nutrients such as protein, B vitamins, vitamin D, magnesium, zinc, selenium, iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids have a significant impact on brain and nervous system function, which can affect the appearance of depressive symptoms. However, it is important to remember that diet in itself is not the only factor influencing the risk of or helping to treat depression. There are many other aspects, such as physical activity, sleep, stress management, and social support, that also play an important role in maintaining mental health. The data review observed that most of the available analyses are based on cross-sectional studies. Further studies, including prospective cohort, case-control studies, are recommended to draw more reliable conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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4
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Bruncsics B, Hullam G, Bolgar B, Petschner P, Millinghoffer A, Gecse K, Eszlari N, Gonda X, Jones DJ, Burden ST, Antal P, Deakin B, Bagdy G, Juhasz G. Genetic risk of depression is different in subgroups of dietary ratio of tryptophan to large neutral amino acids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4976. [PMID: 36973313 PMCID: PMC10042855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of intake of serotonin precursor tryptophan has been exploited to rapidly induce and alleviate depression symptoms. While studies show that this latter effect is dependent on genetic vulnerability to depression, the effect of habitual tryptophan intake in the context of predisposing genetic factors has not been explored. Our aim was to investigate the effect of habitual tryptophan intake on mood symptoms and to determine the effect of risk variants on depression in those with high and low tryptophan intake in the whole genome and specifically in serotonin and kynurenine pathways. 63,277 individuals in the UK Biobank with data on depressive symptoms and tryptophan intake were included. We compared two subpopulations defined by their habitual diet of a low versus a high ratio of tryptophan to other large amino acids (TLR). A modest protective effect of high dietary TLR against depression was found. NPBWR1 among serotonin genes and POLI in kynurenine pathway genes were significantly associated with depression in the low but not in the high TLR group. Pathway-level analyses identified significant associations for both serotonin and kynurenine pathways only in the low TLR group. In addition, significant association was found in the low TLR group between depressive symptoms and biological process related to adult neurogenesis. Our findings demonstrate a markedly distinct genetic risk profile for depression in groups with low and high dietary TLR, with association with serotonin and kynurenine pathway variants only in case of habitual food intake leading to low TLR. Our results confirm the relevance of the serotonin hypothesis in understanding the neurobiological background of depression and highlight the importance of understanding its differential role in the context of environmental variables such as complexity of diet in influencing mental health, pointing towards emerging possibilities of personalised prevention and intervention in mood disorders in those who are genetically vulnerable.
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Grants
- BME NC TKP2020, BME IE-BIO TKP2020, Artificial Intelligence National Laboratory Programme NRDI Fund based on the charter of bolster issued by the NRDI Office under the auspices of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology
- TKP2021-EGA-02 National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund of Hungary
- OTKA 139330 National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary
- ÚNKP-21-5-BME-362 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund
- ÚNKP-21-4-II-BME-143 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund
- ÚNKP-22-3-II-SE-27 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund
- ÚNKP-22-4-II-SE-1 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund
- ERAPERMED2019-108 National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary , under the frame of ERA PerMed (2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005)
- ERAPERMED2019-108 National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary , under the frame of ERA PerMed (2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005)
- ERAPERMED2019-108 National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary , under the frame of ERA PerMed (2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005)
- ERAPERMED2019-108 National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary , under the frame of ERA PerMed (2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2020-00005)
- 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- NAP2022-I-4/2022 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Hungarian Brain Research Program
- P20809 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research in Japan, standard program)
- TKP2021-EGA-25 Thematic Excellence Programme, Ministry of Innovation and Technology in Hungary, from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Bruncsics
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Hullam
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Bolgar
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andras Millinghoffer
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Gecse
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Debra J Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sorrel T Burden
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Antal
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Murray M, Barlow CK, Blundell S, Buecking M, Gibbon A, Goeckener B, Kaminskas LM, Leitner P, Selby-Pham S, Sinclair A, Waktola HD, Williamson G, Bennett LE. Demonstrating a link between diet, gut microbiota and brain: 14C radioactivity identified in the brain following gut microbial fermentation of 14C-radiolabeled tyrosine in a pig model. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1127729. [PMID: 36969812 PMCID: PMC10033698 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1127729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThere is a need to better understand the relationship between the diet, the gut microbiota and mental health. Metabolites produced when the human gut microbiota metabolize amino acids may enter the bloodstream and have systemic effects. We hypothesize that fermentation of amino acids by a resistant protein-primed gut microbiota could yield potentially toxic metabolites and disturb the availability of neurotransmitter precursors to the brain. However, these mechanisms are challenging to investigate via typical in vitro and clinical methods.MethodsWe developed a novel workflow using 14C radiolabeling to investigate complex nutrient-disease relationships. The first three steps of the workflow are reported here. α-Linolenic acid (ALA) was used as a model nutrient to confirm the efficacy of the workflow, and tyrosine (Tyr) was the test nutrient. 14C-Tyr was administered to male weanling pigs fed a high resistant protein diet, which primed the gut microbiota for fermenting protein. The hypotheses were; (1) that expected biodistribution of 14C-ALA would be observed, and (2) that radioactivity from 14C-Tyr, representing Tyr and other amino acids released from resistant protein following gut microbial fermentation, would be bioavailable to the brain.ResultsRadioactivity from the 14C-ALA was detected in tissues reflecting normal utilization of this essential fatty acid. Radioactivity from the 14C-Tyr was detected in the brain (0.15% of original dose).ConclusionMetabolites of gut-fermented protein and specifically amino acid precursors to neurotransmitters such as tyrosine, are potentially able to affect brain function. By extension, resistant proteins in the diet reaching the gut microbiota, also have potential to release metabolites that can potentially affect brain function. The high specificity of detection of 14C radioactivity demonstrates that the proposed workflow can similarly be applied to understand other key diet and health paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Murray
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher K. Barlow
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Blundell
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Buecking
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Anne Gibbon
- Monash Animal Research Platform, Monash University, Churchill, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernd Goeckener
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Kaminskas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patricia Leitner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Andrew Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Habtewold D. Waktola
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise E. Bennett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Louise E. Bennett,
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Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Okubo H, Sasaki S, Arakawa M. Tryptophan intake is related to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4215-4222. [PMID: 35895138 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tryptophan is an essential amino acid wholly derived from diet. While the majority of tryptophan is degraded through the kynurenine pathway into neuroactive metabolites like quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid, a small proportion of ingested tryptophan is metabolized into the neurotransmitter serotonin. The current cross-sectional study in Japan examined the association between tryptophan intake and depressive symptoms during pregnancy. METHODS Study subjects were 1744 pregnant women. Dietary intake during the preceding month was assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were defined as a score ≥ 16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Adjustment was made for age, gestation, region of residence, number of children, family structure, history of depression, family history of depression, smoking, secondhand smoke exposure at home and at work, employment, household income, education, body mass index, and intake of saturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid, calcium, vitamin D, and isoflavones. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy was 19.2%. After adjustment for confounding factors, higher tryptophan intake was independently inversely associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy: the adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) for depressive symptoms during pregnancy in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of tryptophan intake were 1 (reference), 0.99 (0.76-1.28), 0.94 (0.71-1.25), and 0.64 (0.44-0.93), respectively (p for trend = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Higher estimated tryptophan intake was cross-sectionally independently associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
- Research Promotion Unit, Translation Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
- Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Research Promotion Unit, Translation Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okubo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
- Integrated Medical and Agricultural School of Public Health, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Wellness Research Fields, Faculty of Global and Regional Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- The Department of Cross Cultural Studies, Osaka University of Tourism, Nago, Okinawa, Japan
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Gender-Based Differences in the Consumption of Food Rich in Fibre and Its Relationship with Perceived Mood Status: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040730. [PMID: 35455907 PMCID: PMC9030175 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether gender-based differences in dietary fibre intake exist in the relationship between daily fibre consumption and the prevalence of mood disorders. This study aims to examine the effects of dietary fibre consumption on mood status between genders in Saudi Arabia. A total of 359 Saudi participants completed the survey. The data showed that women consumed 14 g fibre/day and had a mild depression score, while men consumed 12 g/day and had very severe stress. The consumption of low-to-moderate servings of fruit or very low servings of nuts and seeds was associated with stress in men. Moderate levels of depression among women were likely to occur with low-to-moderate servings of nuts and seeds. Moderate-to-high stress levels among women appeared to be associated with low-to-moderate servings of vegetables, while depressed men consumed vegetables in low-to-moderate servings. However, anxious women who experienced mild levels consumed low-to-moderate servings of vegetables, and those with a mild-to-moderate level of anxiety consumed low-to-moderate servings of bread, whole grains, and cereals. The preliminary results showed that the consumption of 12 g fibre/day is not enough to relieve stress among men, while 14 g/day reduces the level of depression to mild among women. Fibre-rich foods, e.g., vegetables, nuts and seeds, fruit, bread, cereals and legumes, lower the degree of negative moods, but this is not only attributed to fibre, as there are other influential nutrients.
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8
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Meller FDO, Manosso LM, Schäfer AA. The influence of diet quality on depression among adults and elderly: A population-based study. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:1076-1081. [PMID: 33601680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common mental illness, achieving more than 264 million people worldwide. Although diet quality may be associated with depression symptoms, this relationship has not been deeply investigated among Brazilians. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate this relationship. METHODS This is a population-based cross-sectional study with representative individuals aged 18 years or over living in an urban area. Individuals were selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to screen for major depressive episodes, and a Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to evaluate diet. We used a hierarchical model to conduct the analyses and calculated prevalence ratio using Poisson regression. RESULTS A total of 820 subjects were assessed, with mean age of 54.8 (±17.4) years. Prevalence of major depressive episodes was 29.2%. After final adjustment, diet quality remained directly associated with depression (p = 0.024). Individuals with the worst diet quality were 39% more likely to have major depressive episodes when compared to those who had the best diet quality. Depression was also associated with consumption of soda or artificial juice and are food markers of unhealthy diets. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design does not establish whether the associations are causal, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is a screening scale - not a diagnostic tool; however, it is easy, quick to apply, and is widely used in epidemiological studies. CONCLUSION The results provide important evidence about the role of diets on that mood disorder, which contributes to management approaches to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Oliveira Meller
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Avenida Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | - Antônio Augusto Schäfer
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Avenida Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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9
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Diet Quality and Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, and Health-Related Determinants among People with Depression in Spain: New Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study (2011-2017). Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010106. [PMID: 33396825 PMCID: PMC7823268 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of diet quality in depression is an emerging research area and it appears that diet quality could be an important modifying factor. The aims of this study were to report the prevalence of diet quality among individuals with and without a self-reported diagnosis of depression aged from 16 to 64 years old in Spain, to analyze the time trends of the frequency of food consumption and diet quality from 2011 to 2017 in individuals with a self-reported diagnosis of depression, and to explore the associations between poor/improvable diet quality and sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in 42,280 participants with and without a self-reported diagnosis of depression who had participated in the 2011/2012 and 2017 Spanish National Health Surveys and the 2014 European Health Survey in Spain. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with diet quality. The overall prevalence of diet quality among depressive and non-depressive individuals revealed 65.71% and 70.27% were in need of improvement, respectively. Moreover, having a poor or improvable diet quality is associated with male gender, people aged 16-24 years old and 25-44 years old, separated or divorced, and also in smokers.
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10
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Estimation of Dietary Amino Acid Intake and Independent Correlates of Skeletal Muscle Mass Index among Korean Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041043. [PMID: 32290069 PMCID: PMC7231279 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a database to identify dietary amino acid intake levels, and to determine whether any amino acid groups were independently correlated with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011, and a total of 3292 participants aged 50–64 years were included in the analysis. Dietary data were obtained using the 24 h recall method. Data regarding dietary amino acid intake was assessed using the computer-aided nutritional analysis program 4.0 published by the Korean Nutrition Society. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify independent correlates of SMI. The major food group that contributed the highest essential amino acid intake was grain and grain products (histidine 25.5%, isoleucine 43.9%, leucine 44.2%, methionine 31.0%, phenylalanine 44.8%, tryptophan 26.4%, and valine 50.8%). Higher SMI was independently associated with sex (men), lower age and body mass index, higher levels of physical activity, and a higher intake of energy and branched-chain amino acids. These results are expected to be used as a basis for developing dietary amino acid intake guidelines for Koreans.
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Kimura Y, Suga H, Kobayashi S, Sasaki S. Intake of Coffee Associated With Decreased Depressive Symptoms Among Elderly Japanese Women: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol 2019; 30:338-344. [PMID: 31231097 PMCID: PMC7348072 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression in elderly people is a major global concern around the world. Epidemiological evidence of the association of beverages with depressive symptoms has received research attention; however, epidemiological studies on the association of coffee and green tea consumption with depressive symptoms among the elderly population are limited. The objective of this study is to cross-sectionally examine the association of depressive symptoms with the intake of coffee, green tea, and caffeine and to verify the antidepressant effect of caffeine. Methods The subjects were 1,992 women aged 65–94 years. Intakes of coffee, green tea, and caffeine, as well as depressive symptoms, were assessed with a validated brief dietary history questionnaire (BDHQ) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for depressive symptoms with adjustments for potential confounders. Results Coffee intake was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms, the ORs of which for the 4th versus the 1st quartiles of intake was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.46–0.88, P for trend = 0.01) in a fully adjusted model. Caffeine intake was marginally associated with depressive symptoms, but the association was not statistically significant (OR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.55–1.02, P for trend = 0.058). Conclusion The result suggests that the inverse association of coffee intake with depressive symptoms might be associated with not only caffeine intake but also some other substances in coffee or factors related to coffee intake. Because of the cross-sectional design of the present study, longitudinal studies are required to confirm the present finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumi Kimura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University
| | - Hitomi Suga
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo
| | - Satomi Kobayashi
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo
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Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Intake: Links to the Maintenance of Cognitive Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061315. [PMID: 31212755 PMCID: PMC6627761 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid growth in the aging population, there has been a subsequent increase in the rates of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). To combat these increases in ADRD, scientists and clinicians have begun to place an increased emphasis on preventative methods to ameliorate disease rates, with a primary focus area on dietary intake. Protein/amino acid intake is a burgeoning area of research as it relates to the prevention of ADRD, and consumption is directly related to a number of disease-related risk factors as such low-muscle mass, sleep, stress, depression, and anxiety. As a result, the role that protein/amino acid intake plays in affecting modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline has provided a robust area for scientific exploration; however, this research is still speculative and specific mechanisms have to be proven. The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of protein and amino acids and the preventative roles they play with regard to ADRD, while providing future recommendations for this body of research. Additionally, we will discuss the current recommendations for protein intake and how much protein older adults should consume in order to properly manage their long-term risk for cognitive decline.
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Depression and Physical Activity Affect Diet Quality of Foreign-born Latina Women Living on the U.S.-Mexico Border. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061254. [PMID: 31159475 PMCID: PMC6627936 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that depression may affect diet. However, little is known about the association between depression and diet quality among foreign-born Latinas. We hypothesized that depressive symptoms would be associated with poorer diet quality in foreign-born Latinas. Furthermore, we believed that physical activity (PA) would have a protective effect on diet quality for individuals experiencing depressive symptoms. Our study evaluated the diet (Healthy Eating Index) and PA (Actigraph GT3X activity monitors) of 534 foreign-born Latinas with and without depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale). A series of logistic regression models were estimated to examine our hypotheses. As predicted, Latinas who were depressed had significantly lower odds of having a high-quality diet than non-depressed Latinas. Unexpectedly, among Latinas who met PA guidelines, depressed Latinas had a significantly lower probability of having higher-quality diets than their non-depressed counterparts. Our findings support current research stating that depressive symptoms are associated with lower Healthy Eating Index scores. More research is necessary to elucidate the relationship between PA and dietary quality of depressed Latinas. Innovative approaches to address mental health and the stressors that can compound its severity are needed to improve diet quality among foreign-born Latina women.
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Grases G, Colom MA, Sanchis P, Grases F. Possible relation between consumption of different food groups and depression. BMC Psychol 2019; 7:14. [PMID: 30841895 PMCID: PMC6404288 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse studies have investigated the relationship between diet and depression. In fact some cross-sectional studies suggested that a healthy diet reduced the risk for depression. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationship of consumption of different food groups with depression. The food groups were selected based on their content of substances that were precursors to neurotransmitters (tryptophan or inositol) or their effect on oxidative stress. METHODS This observational retrospective study compared the diets of individuals who were with depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory Questionnaire [BDI] ≥ 10; 53 women, 23 men, age 38+/- 11) and with no depressive levels (BDI < 10; 33 women, 23 men, age 41+/- 13). Dietary data were collected from a questionnaire that asked about consumption of legumes, nuts, whole-grain foods, fruits and vegetables, chocolate, and sweet foods and refined sugars. RESULTS Depressed individuals consumed significantly lower amounts of legumes, fruits, and vegetables, but higher amounts of sweets and refined sugars (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). After statistical adjustment for age and sex, the consumption of no legumes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-5.67), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (aOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.18-6.13), and high consumption of sweet foods and refined sugars (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.23-2.99) were significantly associated with depression. The two groups had no significant differences in the consumption of chocolate. DISCUSSION The results indicate significant relationships of the consumption of certain foods with depression, although the study design precludes any conclusions regarding causality. Further studies are necessary to determine the causal relationships of the consumption of specific foods with depression, and of depression with the consumption of specific foods. CONCLUSION In spite of the limitations, we find that individuals without depression consumed more legumes, fruits, and vegetables, but fewer sweets and pastries than those with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grases
- Centro de Enseñanza Superior Alberta Jiménez (CESAG), 07013, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M A Colom
- Psycology and Neurology Center (CLONUS), 07014, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - P Sanchis
- University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS- IdisBa), University of Balearic Islands, Carretera Valldemossa Km 7,5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Grases
- University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS- IdisBa), University of Balearic Islands, Carretera Valldemossa Km 7,5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Low Serum Tryptophan Levels as an Indicator of Global Cognitive Performance in Nondemented Women over 50 Years of Age. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8604718. [PMID: 30584466 PMCID: PMC6280300 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8604718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological decline process. The number of older adults is growing around the world; therefore, the incidence of cognitive impairment, dementia, and other diseases related to aging increases. The main cellular factors that converge in the aging process are mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidant impairment, inflammation, and immune response decline, among others. In this context, these cellular changes have an influence on the kynurenine pathway (KP), the main route of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism. KP metabolites have been involved in the aging process and neurodegenerative diseases. Although there are changes in the metabolite levels with age, at this time, there is no study that has evaluated cognitive decline as a consequence of Trp catabolism fluctuation in aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the changes in Trp catabolism and cognitive impairment associated with age through KP metabolites level alterations in women over 50 years of age. Seventy-seven nondemented women over 50 years old were examined with a standardized cognitive screening evaluation in Spanish language (Neuropsi), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Also, serum levels of Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and 3-hydroykynurenine (3-HK) and the glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) were measured. Results showed a negative correlation between age and Trp levels and a positive correlation between age and KYNA/Trp and 3-HK/Trp ratios. The level of cognitive impairment showed a significant positive association with age and with kynurenine pathway activation and a significant negative correlation with Trp levels. The GSH/GSSG ratio correlated positively with Trp levels and negatively with Kyn/Trp and 3-HK/Trp ratios. The depression score correlated negatively with Trp and positively with the 3-HK/Trp ratio. We concluded that KP activation increases with age and it is strongly associated with the level of cognition performance in nondemented women over 50 years of age.
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