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López-Carbonero JI, García-Toledo I, Fernández-Hernández L, Bascuñana P, Gil-Moreno MJ, Matías-Guiu JA, Corrochano S. In vivo diagnosis of TDP-43 proteinopathies: in search of biomarkers of clinical use. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:29. [PMID: 38831349 PMCID: PMC11149336 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 proteinopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders that share the presence of aberrant, misfolded and mislocalized deposits of the protein TDP-43, as in the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and some, but not all, pathological variants of frontotemporal dementia. In recent years, many other diseases have been reported to have primary or secondary TDP-43 proteinopathy, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease or the recently described limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, highlighting the need for new and accurate methods for the early detection of TDP-43 proteinopathy to help on the stratification of patients with overlapping clinical diagnosis. Currently, TDP-43 proteinopathy remains a post-mortem pathologic diagnosis. Although the main aim is to determine the pathologic TDP-43 proteinopathy in the central nervous system (CNS), the ubiquitous expression of TDP-43 in biofluids and cells outside the CNS facilitates the use of other accessible target tissues that might reflect the potential TDP-43 alterations in the brain. In this review, we describe the main developments in the early detection of TDP-43 proteinopathies, and their potential implications on diagnosis and future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I López-Carbonero
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene García-Toledo
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Hernández
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Bascuñana
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Gil-Moreno
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi A Matías-Guiu
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Corrochano
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Turco A, Primiceri E, Chiriacò MS, La Pesa V, Ferrara F, Riva N, Quattrini A, Romano A, Maruccio G. Advancing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease diagnosis: A lab-on-chip electrochemical immunosensor for ultra-sensitive TDP-43 protein detection and monitoring in serum patients'. Talanta 2024; 273:125866. [PMID: 38490025 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The global increase in population aging has led to a rise in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), posing significant challenges to public health. Developing selective and specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and drug development is crucial addressing the growing burden of NDs. In this context, the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 has emerged as a promising biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and TDP-43-associated proteinopathies. However, existing detection methods suffer from limitations such as cost, complexity, and operator dependence. Here, we present a novel electrochemical biosensor integrated into a lab-on-chip (LoC) platform to detect TDP-43. The sensor utilizes electrosynthesized polypyrrole derivatives with carboxylic groups for transducer functionalization, enabling targeted immobilization of TDP-43 antibodies. Differential pulsed voltammetry (DPV) is used for the indirect detection and quantification of TDP-43. The chip exhibits rapid response, good reproducibility, a linear detection range, and sensitivity from 0.01 ng/mL to 25 ng/mL of TDP-43 protein concentration with a LOD = 10 pg/mL. Furthermore, successful TDP-43 detection in complex matrices like serum of ALS patients and healthy individuals demonstrates its potential as a point-of-care diagnostic device. This electrochemical biosensor integrated into a chip offers good sensitivity, rapid response, and robust performance, providing a promising avenue for advancing neurodegenerative disease diagnostics and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Turco
- CNR Nanotec Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Velia La Pesa
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR Nanotec Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romano
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- CNR Nanotec Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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3
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Zhang H, Chen C, Zhang EE, Huang X. TDP-43 deficiency in suprachiasmatic nucleus perturbs rhythmicity of neuroactivity in prefrontal cortex. iScience 2024; 27:109522. [PMID: 38585660 PMCID: PMC10995886 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals within the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia disease spectrum (ALS/FTD) often experience disruptive mental behaviors and sleep-wake disturbances. The hallmark of ALS/FTD is the pathological involvement of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Understanding the role of TDP-43 in the circadian clock holds promise for addressing these behavioral abnormalities. In this study, we unveil TDP-43 as a pivotal regulator of the circadian clock. TDP-43 knockdown induces intracellular arrhythmicity, disrupts transcriptional activation regulation, and diminishes clock genes expression. Moreover, our experiments in adult mouse reveal that TDP-43 knockdown, specifically within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), induces locomotor arrhythmia, arrhythmic c-Fos expression, and depression-like behavior. This observation offers valuable insights into the substantial impact of TDP-43 on the behavioral aberrations associated with ALS/FTD. In summary, our study illuminates the significance of TDP-43 in circadian regulation, shedding light on the circadian regulatory mechanisms that may elucidate the pathological underpinnings of ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Fisher DW, Dunn JT, Dong H. Distinguishing features of depression in dementia from primary psychiatric disease. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 4:3. [PMID: 38175420 PMCID: PMC10767128 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-023-00057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common and devastating neuropsychiatric symptom in the elderly and in patients with dementia. In particular, nearly 80% of patients with Alzheimer's Disease dementia experience depression during disease development and progression. However, it is unknown whether the depression in patients with dementia shares the same molecular mechanisms as depression presenting as primary psychiatric disease or occurs and persists through alternative mechanisms. In this review, we discuss how the clinical presentation and treatment differ between depression in dementia and as a primary psychiatric disease, with a focus on major depressive disorder. Then, we hypothesize several molecular mechanisms that may be unique to depression in dementia such as neuropathological changes, inflammation, and vascular events. Finally, we discuss existing issues and future directions for investigation and treatment of depression in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Identifying causal genes for depression via integration of the proteome and transcriptome from brain and blood. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2849-2857. [PMID: 35296807 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous risk genes for depression. Nevertheless, genes crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms of depression and effective antidepressant drug targets are largely unknown. Addressing this, we aimed to highlight potentially causal genes by systematically integrating the brain and blood protein and expression quantitative trait loci (QTL) data with a depression GWAS dataset via a statistical framework including Mendelian randomization (MR), Bayesian colocalization, and Steiger filtering analysis. In summary, we identified three candidate genes (TMEM106B, RAB27B, and GMPPB) based on brain data and two genes (TMEM106B and NEGR1) based on blood data with consistent robust evidence at both the protein and transcriptional levels. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network provided new insights into the interaction between brain and blood in depression. Collectively, four genes (TMEM106B, RAB27B, GMPPB, and NEGR1) affect depression by influencing protein and gene expression level, which could guide future researches on candidate genes investigations in animal studies as well as prioritize antidepressant drug targets.
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Increased levels of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in the hippocampus of subjects with bipolar disorder: a postmortem study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:95-103. [PMID: 34966974 PMCID: PMC9169569 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder shares symptoms and pathological pathways with other neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Since TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a neuropathological marker of frontotemporal dementia and it is involved in synaptic transmission, we explored the role of TDP-43 as a molecular feature of bipolar disorder (BD). Homogenates were acquired from frozen hippocampus of postmortem brains of bipolar disorder subjects. TDP-43 levels were quantified using an ELISA-sandwich method and compared between the postmortem brains of bipolar disorder subjects and age-matched control group. We found higher levels of TDP-43 protein in the hippocampus of BD (n = 15) subjects, when compared to controls (n = 15). We did not find associations of TDP-43 with age at death, postmortem interval, or age of disease onset. Our results suggest that protein TDP-43 may be potentially implicated in behavioral abnormalities seen in BD. Further investigation is needed to validate these findings and to examine the role of this protein during the disease course and mood states.
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Insights into the Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Symptoms in Central Nervous System Disorders: Implications for Early and Differential Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094440. [PMID: 33922780 PMCID: PMC8123079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different psychopathological manifestations, such as affective, psychotic, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and impulse control disturbances, may occur in most central nervous system (CNS) disorders including neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Psychiatric symptoms often represent the clinical onset of such disorders, thus potentially leading to misdiagnosis, delay in treatment, and a worse outcome. In this review, psychiatric symptoms observed along the course of several neurological diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease, fronto-temporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, are discussed, as well as the involved brain circuits and molecular/synaptic alterations. Special attention has been paid to the emerging role of fluid biomarkers in early detection of these neurodegenerative diseases. The frequent occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in neurological diseases, even as the first clinical manifestations, should prompt neurologists and psychiatrists to share a common clinico-biological background and a coordinated diagnostic approach.
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Dall’Aglio L, Lewis CM, Pain O. Delineating the Genetic Component of Gene Expression in Major Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:627-636. [PMID: 33279206 PMCID: PMC7886308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MD) is determined by a multitude of factors including genetic risk variants that regulate gene expression. We examined the genetic component of gene expression in MD by performing a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), inferring gene expression-trait relationships from genetic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic information. METHODS Genes differentially expressed in depression were identified with the TWAS FUSION method, based on summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association analysis of MD (n = 135,458 cases, n = 344,901 controls) and gene expression levels from 21 tissue datasets (brain; blood; thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands). Follow-up analyses were performed to extensively characterize the identified associations: colocalization, conditional, and fine-mapping analyses together with TWAS-based pathway investigations. RESULTS Transcriptome-wide significant differences between cases and controls were found at 94 genes, approximately half of which were novel. Of the 94 significant genes, 6 represented strong, colocalized, and potentially causal associations with depression. Such high-confidence associations include NEGR1, CTC-467M3.3, TMEM106B, LRFN5, ESR2, and PROX2. Lastly, TWAS-based enrichment analysis highlighted dysregulation of gene sets for, among others, neuronal and synaptic processes. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds further light on the genetic component of gene expression in depression by characterizing the identified associations, unraveling novel risk genes, and determining which associations are congruent with a causal model. These findings can be used as a resource for prioritizing and designing subsequent functional studies of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Dall’Aglio
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Pain
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Sun L, Li W, Yue L, Xiao S. Blood TDP-43 Combined with Demographics Information Predicts Dementia Occurrence in Community Non-Dementia Elderly. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 79:301-309. [PMID: 33252084 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) are promising fluid biomarkers of disease progression for various dementia. OBJECTIVE We would explore whether blood levels of NfL and TDP-43 could predict the long-term progression to dementia, and the relationship of TDP-43 levels between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. METHODS A total of 86 non-dementia elderly received 7-year follow-up, and were divided into 49 stable normal control (NC)/mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, 19 subjects progressing from NC to MCI, and 18 subjects progressing from NC/MCI to dementia. Blood TDP-43 and NfL levels, and cognitive functions were measured in all subjects. Furthermore, another cohort of 23 dementia patients, including 13 AD and 10 non-AD patients received blood and CSF measurements of TDP-43. RESULTS In cohort 1, compared to stable NC/MCI group, there were higher levels of blood TDP-43 at baseline in subjects progressing from NC/MCI to dementia. The combination of baseline blood TDP-43 levels with demographics including age, education, and diabetes had the detection for dementia occurrence. Baseline blood levels of NfL are negatively associated with cognitive function at 7-year follow-up. In cohort 2, we found there were no relationship between CSF and blood levels of TDP-43. Moreover, the levels of TDP-43 in CSF was positively associated with the age of patients, especially in AD group. CONCLUSION Single blood TDP-43 could not estimate dementia occurrence; however, TDP-43 combined with demographics has the predictive effect for dementia occurrence and NfL level is associated with a decrease of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yue
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Abstract
Purpose of Review This review summarizes recent literature linking Alzheimer's disease (AD) and late life depression (LLD). It describes shared neurobiological features associated with both conditions, as well as factors that may increase resilience to onset and severity of cognitive decline and AD. Finally, we pose a number of future research directions toward improving detection, management, and treatment of both conditions. Recent Findings Epidemiological studies have consistently shown a significant relationship between LLD and AD, with support for depression as a prodromal feature of AD, a risk factor for AD, and observation of some shared risk factors underlying both disease processes. Three major neurobiological features shared by LLD and AD include neurodegeneration, disruption to cerebrovascular functioning, and increased levels of neuroinflammation. There are also potentially modifiable factors that can increase resilience to AD and LLD, including social support, physical and cognitive engagement, and cognitive reserve. Summary We propose that, in the context of depression, neurobiological events, such as neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular disease, and neuroinflammation result in a brain that is more vulnerable to the consequences of the pathophysiological features of AD, lowering the threshold for the onset of the behavioral presentation of AD (i.e., cognitive decline and dementia). We discuss factors that can increase resilience to AD and LLD, including social support, physical and cognitive engagement, and cognitive reserve. We conclude with a discussion of future research directions.
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