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Lukačišinová A, Reissigová J, Ortner-Hadžiabdić M, Brkic J, Okuyan B, Volmer D, Tadić I, Modamio P, Mariño EL, Tachkov K, Liperotti R, Onder G, Finne-Soveri H, van Hout H, Howard EP, Fialová D. Prevalence, country-specific prescribing patterns and determinants of benzodiazepine use in community-residing older adults in 7 European countries. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:240. [PMID: 38454372 PMCID: PMC10921596 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) in older population is often accompanied by drug-related complications. Inappropriate BZD use significantly alters older adults' clinical and functional status. This study compares the prevalence, prescribing patterns and factors associated with BZD use in community-dwelling older patients in 7 European countries. METHODS International, cross-sectional study was conducted in community-dwelling older adults (65 +) in the Czech Republic, Serbia, Estonia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Turkey, and Spain between Feb2019 and Mar2020. Structured and standardized questionnaire based on interRAI assessment scales was applied. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with BZD use. RESULTS Out of 2,865 older patients (mean age 73.2 years ± 6.8, 61.2% women) 14.9% were BZD users. The highest prevalence of BZD use was identified in Croatia (35.5%), Spain (33.5%) and Serbia (31.3%). The most frequently prescribed BZDs were diazepam (27.9% of 426 BZD users), alprazolam (23.7%), bromazepam (22.8%) and lorazepam (16.7%). Independent factors associated with BZD use were female gender (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.19-2.10), hyperpolypharmacy (OR 1.97, 95%CI 1.22-3.16), anxiety (OR 4.26, 95%CI 2.86-6.38), sleeping problems (OR 4.47, 95%CI 3.38-5.92), depression (OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.29-2.95), repetitive anxious complaints (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.29-2.42), problems with syncope (OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.03-3.06), and loss of appetite (OR 0.60, 95%CI 0.38-0.94). In comparison to Croatia, residing in other countries was associated with lower odds of BZD use (ORs varied from 0.49 (95%CI 0.32-0.75) in Spain to 0.01 (95%CI 0.00-0.03) in Turkey), excluding Serbia (OR 1.11, 95%CI 0.79-1.56). CONCLUSIONS Despite well-known negative effects, BZDs are still frequently prescribed in older outpatient population in European countries. Principles of safer geriatric prescribing and effective deprescribing strategies should be individually applied in older BZD users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lukačišinová
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy - Research Group "Ageing, Polypharmacy and Changes in the Therapeutic Value of Drugs in the Aged", Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Jindra Reissigová
- Department of Statistical Modelling, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Ortner-Hadžiabdić
- Center for Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jovana Brkic
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy - Research Group "Ageing, Polypharmacy and Changes in the Therapeutic Value of Drugs in the Aged", Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Betul Okuyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daisy Volmer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivana Tadić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pilar Modamio
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo L Mariño
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Liperotti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Hein van Hout
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth P Howard
- Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- The Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research (The Marcus Institute), Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Fialová
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy - Research Group "Ageing, Polypharmacy and Changes in the Therapeutic Value of Drugs in the Aged", Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 1st Faculty of Medicine in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Pharmacologic predictors of benzodiazepine response trajectory in anxiety disorders: a Bayesian hierarchical modeling meta-analysis. CNS Spectr 2023; 28:53-60. [PMID: 34593077 PMCID: PMC8971141 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852921000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite frequent benzodiazepine use in anxiety disorders, the trajectory and magnitude of benzodiazepine response and the effects of benzodiazepine potency, lipophilicity, and dose on improvement are unknown. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis using weekly symptom severity data from randomized, parallel group, placebo-controlled trials of benzodiazepines in adults with anxiety disorders. Response was modeled for the standardized change in continuous measures of anxiety using a Bayesian hierarchical model. Change in anxiety was evaluated as a function of medication, disorder, time, potency, lipophilicity, and standardized dose and compared among benzodiazepines. RESULTS Data from 65 trials (73 arms, 7 medications, 7110 patients) were included. In the logarithmic model of response, treatment effects emerged within 1 week of beginning treatment (standardized benzodiazepine-placebo difference = -0.235 ± 0.024, CrI: -0.283 to -0.186, P < .001) and placebo response plateaued at week 4. Doses <6 mg per day (lorazepam equivalents) produced faster and larger improvement than higher doses (P = .039 for low vs medium dose and P = .005 for high vs medium dose) and less lipophilic benzodiazepines (beta = 0.028 ± 0.013, P = .030) produced a greater response over time. Relative to the reference benzodiazepine (lorazepam), clonazepam (beta = -0.217 ± 0.95, P = .021) had a greater trajectory/magnitude of response (other specific benzodiazepines did not statistically differ from lorazepam). CONCLUSIONS In adults with anxiety disorders, benzodiazepine-related improvement emerges early, and the trajectory and magnitude of improvement is related to dose and lipophilicity. Lower doses and less lipophilic benzodiazepines produce greater improvement.
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da Silva AW, Ferreira MKA, Rebouças EL, Mendes FRS, Dos S Moura AL, de Menezes JESA, Marinho MM, Marinho ES, Santos HS, Teixeira AMR. Anxiolytic-like effect of natural product 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyacetophenone isolated from Croton anisodontus in adult zebrafish via serotonergic neuromodulation involvement of the 5-HT system. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2023-2032. [PMID: 34251503 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are highly effective in combating anxiety; however, they have considerable adverse effects, so it is important to discover new safe anxiolytic agents. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the natural product 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyacetophenone (HTMCX) on anxiety and seizure behavior in adult zebrafish and its possible mechanisms of action. The acute toxicity of 96 h of HTMCX was analyzed, and the open and light/dark field tests (n = 6 animals/group) were used to assess the anxiety behavior of animals treated with HTMCX. In addition, the mechanisms of action were investigated with antagonists of the GABAA, 5-HT receptors, and molecular anchorage study. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was used to induce seizure by immersion. As a result, acetophenone HTMCX (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg; v.o.) was non-toxic and affected locomotor activity. The higher doses (3 and 10 mg/kg; v.o.) produced signs of anxiolytic action in the light/dark test, and this effect was reversed by the pizotifen (antagonist 5HTR1 and 5HTR2A/2C), having the potential to form a complex with 5HTR1B. However, the anxiolytic effect of HTMCX has not been abolished by flumazenil (antagonist GABAA), cyproheptadine (antagonist 5HTR2A), and granisetron (antagonist 5HTR3A/3B). Therefore, HTMCX demonstrated an anxiolytic effect, suggesting that the 5HTR1 and 5HTR2C receptors may be involved in the pharmacological performance of this acetophenone in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Wlisses da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Kueirislene A Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Natural Sciences, Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emanuela L Rebouças
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Rogenio S Mendes
- Graduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - Atilano Lucas Dos S Moura
- Graduate Program in Natural Sciences, Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jane Eire S A de Menezes
- Graduate Program in Natural Sciences, Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Márcia Machado Marinho
- Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélcio S Santos
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Natural Sciences, Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brasil.,Science and Technology Centre, Course of Chemistry, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M R Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brasil.
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