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Crawford H, Oliver C, Groves L, Bradley L, Smith K, Hogan A, Renshaw D, Waite J, Roberts J. Behavioural and physiological indicators of anxiety reflect shared and distinct profiles across individuals with neurogenetic syndromes. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115278. [PMID: 37285621 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is heightened in individuals with intellectual disability, particularly in those with specific neurogenetic syndromes. Assessment of anxiety for these individuals is hampered by a lack of appropriate measures that cater for communication impairment, differences in presentation, and overlapping features with co-occurring conditions. Here, we adopt a multi-method approach to identify fine-grained behavioural and physiological (via salivary cortisol) responses to anxiety presses in people with fragile X (FXS; n = 27; Mage = 20.11 years; range 6.32 - 47.04 years) and Cornelia de Lange syndromes (CdLS; n = 27; Mage = 18.42 years; range 4.28 - 41.08 years), two neurogenetic groups at high risk for anxiety, compared to neurotypical children (NT; n = 21; Mage = 5.97 years; range 4.34 - 7.30 years). Results indicate that physical avoidance of feared stimuli and proximity seeking to a familiar adult are prominent behavioural indicators of anxiety/stress in FXS and CdLS. Heightened pervasive physiological arousal was identified in these groups via salivary cortisol. An association between autistic characteristics and anxiety was evident in the FXS group but not in the CdLS group pointing to syndrome-specific nuances in the association between anxiety and autism. This study furthers understanding of the behavioural and physiological presentation of anxiety in individuals with intellectual disability and progresses theoretical developments regarding the development and maintenance of anxiety at the intersection of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Crawford
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
| | - Chris Oliver
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Groves
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Bradley
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Kayla Smith
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Hogan
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Waite
- School of Psychology, Aston University, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States
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Ajmone PF, Giani L, Allegri B, Michelini G, Dall'Ara F, Rigamonti C, Monti F, Vizziello PG, Selicorni A, Milani D, Scaini S, Costantino A. The developmental trajectories of the behavioral phenotype and neuropsychiatric functioning in Cornelia de Lange and Rubinstein Taybi syndromes: A longitudinal study. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:424-436. [PMID: 36373849 PMCID: PMC10099472 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several changes in the behavioral phenotype arise with the growth of children affected by Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RSTS). However, previous research relied on a cross-sectional study design turning into age-related comparisons of different syndromic cohorts to explore age-dependent changes. We aim to outline the variating pathways of the neuropsychiatric functioning across the lifespan in CdLS and RSTS, through the setting up of a longitudinal study design. The sample included 14 patients with CdLS and 15 with RSTS. The assessments were carried out in two different timepoints. Our findings highlight that the cognitive profile of CdLS is subjected to a worsening trend with decreasing Intellectual Quotient (IQ) scores from T0 to T1, whereas RSTS shows a stable IQ over time. Patients affected by RSTS show greater improvements compared to CdLS in communication, daily living skills, social abilities, and motor skills across the lifespan. Both syndromes report an upward trend in behavioral and emotional difficulties even if CdLS exhibit a significant and major deterioration compared to individuals with RSTS. Being aware of the early dysfunctional patterns which might pave the way for later neuropsychiatric impairments is the first step for planning preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Francesca Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Giani
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Allegri
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Dall'Ara
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Rigamonti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Monti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giovanna Vizziello
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Milani
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Scaini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Costantino
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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