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Tang WSW, Lau NXM, Krishnan MN, Chin YC, Ho CSH. Depression and Eye Disease-A Narrative Review of Common Underlying Pathophysiological Mechanisms and their Potential Applications. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3081. [PMID: 38892791 PMCID: PMC11172702 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression has been shown to be associated with eye diseases, including dry eye disease (DED), cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). This narrative review explores potential pathophysiological connections between depression and eye disease, as well as its potential correlations with ocular parameters. Methods: A literature search was conducted in August 2022 in PUBMED, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Published articles related to the subject were consolidated and classified according to respective eye diseases and pathophysiological mechanisms. Results: The literature reviewed suggests that common pathophysiological states like inflammation and neurodegeneration may contribute to both depression and certain eye diseases, while somatic symptoms and altered physiology, such as disruptions in circadian rhythm due to eye diseases, can also influence patients' mood states. Grounded in the shared embryological, anatomical, and physiological features between the eye and the brain, depression is also correlated to changes observed in non-invasive ophthalmological imaging modalities, such as changes in the retinal nerve fibre layer and retinal microvasculature. Conclusions: There is substantial evidence of a close association between depression and eye diseases. Understanding the underlying concepts can inform further research on treatment options and monitoring of depression based on ocular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wymann Shao Wen Tang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Nicole Xer Min Lau
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | - You Chuen Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Raffles Medical Group, Singapore 188770, Singapore
| | - Cyrus Su Hui Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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Wang Y, Li C, Liu L, Yang Y, He X, Li G, Zheng X, Ren Y, Zhao H, Du Z, Jiang J, Kuang Y, Jia F, Yu H, Yang X. Association of Retinal Neurovascular Impairment with Disease Severity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1573-1585. [PMID: 38617578 PMCID: PMC11015850 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s443146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the fundus objective biomarkers for the major depressive disorders (MDD) may help promote mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate retinal neurovascular changes and further investigate their association with disease severity in MDD. Methods This cross-sectional study conducted in the hospital enrolled patients with MDD and healthy controls.The retinal neurovascular parameters for all subjects, including vessel density (VD), thickness of ganglion cell complex (GCC) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and optic nerve head (ONH) eg are automatically calculated by the software in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The severity of MDD including depressive symptoms, anxiety, cognition, and insomnia was assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) respectively. Results This study included 74 MDD patients (n=74 eyes) and 60 healthy controls (HCs) (n=60 eyes). MDD patients showed significantly decreased VD of superficial and deep capillary plexus, thickness of GCC and RNFL, and volume of ONH (all p<0.05) and increased vertical cup-to-disc ratio and global loss volume (GLV) (all p<0.05) compared to HCs. Positive associations were found between HAMD scores and cup area (r=0.30, p=0.035), cup volume (r=0.31, p=0.029), and disc area (r=0.33, p=0.020) as well as ISI scores and RNFL thickness (r=0.34, p=0.047). Conclusion We found the retinal neurovascular impairment and its association with disease severity in MDD patients. OCTA showed promise as a potential complementary assessment tool for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue He
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Zheng
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Ren
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanpeng Zhao
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenchao Du
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Jiang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fujun Jia
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Komatsu H, Onoguchi G, Silverstein SM, Jerotic S, Sakuma A, Kanahara N, Kakuto Y, Ono T, Yabana T, Nakazawa T, Tomita H. Retina as a potential biomarker in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography and electroretinography. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:464-482. [PMID: 38081943 PMCID: PMC11116118 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG) have been reported in participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). This study aims to reveal the pooled standard mean difference (SMD) in retinal parameters on OCT and ERG among participants with SSDs and healthy controls and their association with demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. METHODS Using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PSYNDEX, we searched the literature from inception to March 31, 2023, using specific search terms. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD4202235795) and conducted according to PRISMA 2020. RESULTS We included 65 studies in the systematic review and 44 in the meta-analysis. Participants with SSDs showed thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer- inner plexiform cell layer, and retinal thickness in all other segments of the macula. A meta-analysis of studies that excluded SSD participants with diabetes and hypertension showed no change in results, except for pRNFL inferior and nasal thickness. Furthermore, a significant difference was found in the pooled SMD of pRNFL temporal thickness between the left and right eyes. Meta-regression analysis revealed an association between retinal thinning and duration of illness, positive and negative symptoms. In OCT angiography, no differences were found in the foveal avascular zone and superficial layer foveal vessel density between SSD participants and controls. In flash ERG, the meta-analysis showed reduced amplitude of both a- and b-waves under photopic and scotopic conditions in SSD participants. Furthermore, the latency of photopic a-wave was significantly shorter in SSD participants in comparison with HCs. DISCUSSION Considering the prior report of retinal thinning in unaffected first-degree relatives and the results of the meta-analysis, the findings suggest that retinal changes in SSDs have both trait and state aspects. Future longitudinal multimodal retinal imaging studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of these changes and to clarify their utility in individual patient monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Komatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
- Miyagi Psychiatric Center, Natori, Japan.
| | - Goh Onoguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Jerotic
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Atsushi Sakuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kanahara
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kakuto
- Miyagi Psychiatric Center, Natori, Japan
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Yabana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Tang L, Zhang H, Liao Y, Zhou S, Yang Y, Zhang M, Guo Y, Xie T, Chen S, Ouyang W, Lin X, Wang S, Huang C, Zhang M, Zhuang J, Zhao J, Zhang R, Zhang C, Jin Z, Hu J, Liu Z. Chronic Sleep Deprivation Impairs Visual Functions via Oxidative Damage in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:307-320. [PMID: 38245252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a global public health burden, and has a detrimental role in the nervous system. Retina is an important part of the central nervous system; however, whether SD affects retinal structures and functions remains largely unknown. Herein, chronic SD mouse model indicated that loss of sleep for 4 months could result in reductions in the visual functions, but without obvious morphologic changes of the retina. Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscope revealed the deterioration of mitochondria, which was accompanied with the decrease of multiple mitochondrial proteins in the retina. Mechanistically, oxidative stress was provoked by chronic SD, which could be ameliorated after rest, and thus restore retinal homeostasis. Moreover, the supplementation of two antioxidants, α-lipoic acid and N-acetyl-l-cysteine, could reduce retinal reactive oxygen species, repair damaged mitochondria, and, as a result, improve the retinal functions. Overall, this work demonstrated the essential roles of sleep in maintaining the integrity and health of the retina. More importantly, it points towards supplementation of antioxidants as an effective intervention strategy for people experiencing sleep shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Tang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Houjian Zhang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengmei Zhou
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mouxin Zhang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuli Guo
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tingyu Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shikun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weijie Ouyang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaopan Wang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caihong Huang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingbin Zhuang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiankai Zhao
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Zibing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Xiamen University-affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Wang Y, Liu L, Li C, Yang Y, He X, Jiang M, Quan D, Ren Y, Zhao H, Jiang J, Du Z, Kuang Y, Yu H, Jia F, Yang X. Choroidal vessel density in major depressive disorder using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:79-85. [PMID: 37820961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed the retinal structural impairment in major depressive disorder (MDD). The choroid is more affected by systemic changes compared to the retina and provides nutrients to the retina. It is uncertain whether the choroidal structure was damaged in MDD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate choroidal vessel density (VD) in MDD patients using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). METHODS This study investigated the choroidal and retinal VD of subjects with SS-OCTA. MDD was identified based on the Diagnostic and International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10). The VD was automatically calculated as the ratio of the pixel areas of the vessels divided by the total area of the regions by the device. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls (HCs) (n = 45 eyes), the MDD group (n = 66 eyes) demonstrated significantly lower supranasal and temporal choroidal vessel volume (CVV), temporal choroidal vessel volume index (CVI), and supranasal and temporal choroidal stroma volume (CSV) (all p < 0.05). After adjustment for age and sex, we found that temporal CVV (β = -9.31, p = 0.040) and supranasal (β = -15.28, p = 0.034) and temporal CSV (β = -11.82, p = 0.036) were significantly associated with MDD. Both choroidal thickness and retinal VD indicators did not differ significantly between MDD patients and HCs (both p > 0.05). LIMITATIONS Conclusions about progressive changes in choroidal vascular structures during the course of MDD are limited by the our cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS We found the choroidal VD in MDD was lower compared with HCs, which suggests that decreased choroidal VD is associated with the MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue He
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijun Jiang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Quan
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hanpeng Zhao
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Jiang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenchao Du
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fujun Jia
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Prasannakumar A, Kumar V, Mailankody P, Appaji A, Battu R, Berendschot TTJM, Rao NP. A systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:707-720. [PMID: 37070475 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2203231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to the common neurodevelopmental origin and easy accessibility, the retina serves as a surrogate marker for changes in the brain. Hence, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a tool to examine the neuronal layers of retina has gained importance in investigating psychiatric disorders. Several studies in the last decade have reported retinal structural alterations in schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the findings are inconsistent. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate alterations in OCT parameters in patients with SCZ, BD and MDD. METHODS We searched electronic databases for studies that examined OCT parameters in patients with SCZ, BD and MDD published up to January 2023. The primary outcome measures were thickness and volumes of the retinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL). We conducted meta-analysis using a random effects model. RESULTS The searches yielded 2638 publications of which 43 studies were included in the final analysis across all disorders. Compared to controls, the RNFL was thinner in SCZ patients (SMD = -0.37, p = <0.001) and BD patients (SMD = -0.67, p = < 0.001), but not in MDD patients (SMD = -0.08, p = 0.54). On quadrant wise analysis, temporal quadrant RNFL was thinner in SCZ but not in BD, while all other quadrants were thinner in both SCZ and BD. CONCLUSION We found significant reductions in RNFL thickness in SCZ and BD, but not in MDD. The differential involvement in various quadrants and parameters across the disorders has potential implications for using retinal parameters as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Prasannakumar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Mailankody
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Appaji
- Department of Medical Electronics, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Opthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rajani Battu
- Department of Opthalmology, Centre for Eye Genetics and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- Department of Opthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Naren P Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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7
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Ma Q, Zhou J, Yang Z, Xue Y, Xie X, Li T, Yang Y. Mingmu Xiaoyao granules regulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to reduce anxiety and depression and reverse retinal abnormalities in rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1003614. [PMID: 36278192 PMCID: PMC9579374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1003614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of Mingmu Xiaoyao granules (MMXY) on the morphology and function of the retina and the mechanism of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins in rats with anxiety and depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Methods: Fifty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated to either a control (n = 14) or a simulated CUMS group (n = 38). The CUMS model was established successfully at 4 weeks. Six rats in each group were randomly selected to be sacrificed and their retinas isolated for histological examination. At 5 weeks, rats in the CUMS group were randomly allocated to the following groups: Model (CUMS + pure water), MMXY-H (CUMS + MMXY 7.2 g/kg/d), MMXY-L (CUMS + MMXY 3.6 g/kg/d), and CBZ (CUMS + Carbamazepine 20 mg/kg/d), with eight rats in each group. All rats were given the relevant intervention once a day. At 12 weeks, sucrose preference and open field tests were performed to evaluate the anxiety and depression status of rats. In live rats, optical coherence tomography angiography was used to measure retinal thickness and blood flow, while electroretinograms (ERGs) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were used to evaluate retinal function. The next day, the specimens were sacrificed for serological, histological, immunofluorescence, Western blot and transmission electron microscopy examinations to explore the mechanism of MMXY in CUMS rats. Results: MMXY improved the anxiety and depression-like behavior of rats. Results of optical coherence tomography angiography showed that MMXY improved retinal inner thickness and blood flow in CUMS rats. MMXY improved the amplitude of a- and b-waves in the scotopic and photopic ERG, as well as N2 and P2 peak time and amplitude in the flash-VEP in CUMS rats. Retinal histological staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that MMXY reversed retinal morphology and ultrastructure in CUMS rats. MMXY reduced the expression of Beclin1 and LC3I/II proteins, regulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, inhibited autophagy, and had a protective effect on the retina in CUMS rats. Conclusion: MMXY may effectively improve retinal morphology and function as well as anxiety and depression-like behaviors in CUMS rats by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Ma
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Ophthalmology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Ophthalmology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Xue
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Xie
- Ophthalmology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Ophthalmology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- Ophthalmology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yingxin Yang,
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