1
|
Khadke S, Gupte P, Mourya A, Yadav A, Mane S, Joshi A, Mahajan M, Mishra M, Bhalerao S. Immunomodulatory effect of a proprietary polyherbal formulation on healthy participants: A single- blind, randomized, placebo- controlled, exploratory clinical study. Perspect Clin Res 2023; 14:130-138. [PMID: 37554241 PMCID: PMC10405535 DOI: 10.4103/picr.picr_100_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Clinical study for immunity. Aims The present study aimed to assess the effect of proprietary polyherbal formulation (PPHF), labelled as Kofol immunity tablets (KIT) on innate and adaptive immune responses in healthy individuals, on the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic. Settings and Design Single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, exploratory study in institutional setting. Materials and Methods Post Ethics Committee permission, screened healthy individuals of either sex aged 18-35 years were randomized to PPHF/Placebo for 2 months. Major assessment variables included peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), questionnaire-based immune status, perceived stress, and quality of life (QOL) with immune-specific cell counts (CD4+, CD8+), cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin 10 [IL-10]), and oxidative stress in red blood cells (RBCs) (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), done at day 60. Statistical Analysis Used Mean ± standard deviation and paired/unpaired t-test for parametric data analysis while median (range) and Wilcoxon Rank sum test/Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric data analysis, were done. Categorical data was analyzed using Chi-square test. GraphPad InStat software, version 9 was used with p < 0.05, as the level of statistical significance. Results Of 52 recruited, 28 individuals completed the study. PPHF significantly increased PEFR, improved immune status along with QOL compared to baseline. It also decreased perceived stress from moderate and severe grade to mild. Serum IFN-γ levels remained almost constant post-PPHF treatment. PPHF significantly decreased MDA and increased GPx in RBCs. Significant decrease and increase in TNF-α and IL-10, respectively, were seen in PPHF group. The safety parameters post-PPHF treatment remained within normal reference ranges. Conclusions PPHF is an efficacious and safe formulation with immunomodulatory potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Khadke
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Poonam Gupte
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Akanksha Mourya
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Amit Yadav
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sarika Mane
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Asavari Joshi
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Madhavi Mahajan
- Department of Kayachikitsa, College of Ayurveda, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Manisha Mishra
- Charak Pharma Private Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya Bhalerao
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ittiyavirah SP, Ramalingam K, Sathyan A, Rajasree R, Kuruniyan MS, Quadri SA, Elayadeth-Meethal M, Naseef PP. Thymoquinone-rich black cumin oil attenuates ibotenic acid-induced excitotoxicity through glutamate receptors in Wistar rats. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1781-1790. [PMID: 36601514 PMCID: PMC9805979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated alterations in glutamate neurotransmission constitute the most important pathway in the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. The excessive signalling of glutamate results in excitotoxicity, neuronal degeneration, and neuronal cell death. In the present study, we investigated the relative efficacy of black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil with high (5 % w/w) and low (2 % w/w) thymoquinone content (BCO-5 and BCO-2, respectively) in alleviating ibotenic acid-induced excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation in Wistar rats. It was found that BCO-5 reversed the abnormal behavioural patterns and the key inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and NF-κB) when treated at 5 mg/kg body weight. Immunohistochemical studies showed the potential of BCO-5 to attenuate the glutamate receptor subunits NMDA and GluR-2 along with increased glutamate decarboxylase levels in the brain tissues. Histopathological studies revealed the neuroprotection of BCO-5 against the inflammatory lesions, as evidenced by the normal cerebellum, astrocytes, and glial cells. BCO-2 on the other hand showed either a poor protective effect or no effect even at a 4-fold higher concentration of 20 mg/kg body weight indicating a very significant role of thymoquinone content on the neuroprotective effect of black cumin oil and its plausible clinical efficacy in counteracting the anxiety and stress-related neurological disorders under conditions such as depression and Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibi P Ittiyavirah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Professional and Advanced Sciences, Cheruvandoor, Kottayam 686631, India
| | - Kannan Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Professional and Advanced Sciences, Cheruvandoor, Kottayam 686631, India
| | - Arathy Sathyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Professional and Advanced Sciences, Cheruvandoor, Kottayam 686631, India
| | - R.S. Rajasree
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Thirumala Devaswom Medical College, Alappuzha 688005, India
| | - Mohamed Saheer Kuruniyan
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Altafuddin Quadri
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Elayadeth-Meethal
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad 675621, India
| | - Punnoth Poonkuzhi Naseef
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna 679321, India,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sheik SM, Bakthavatchalam P, Shenoy RP, Hadapad BS, Nayak M D, Biswas M, Bolar Suryakanth V. Anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effect of the drug Guggulutiktaka ghrita on high-fat diet-induced obese rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100583. [PMID: 35759880 PMCID: PMC9250015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ayurveda is a holistic system of medicine and describes a vast array of herbs and herbal mixtures that are been demonstrated to possess efficacy in research investigations. Guggulutikthaka gritha (GTG) is one such drug evaluated for its role in skin and bone diseases. Objective In the current study, the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effect of the drug GTG was studied with the scope to treat dyslipidemia and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Materials and method The animals (Wistar rats) were fed a high-fat diet and dyslipidemia was induced. The control group was provided with a normal chow diet and had free access to water. The treatment with the drug GTG was given for 21 days after confirming dyslipidemia. The blood glucose was measured immediately using a glucometer. The serum was analyzed for lipid profile and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule – 1(VCAM 1) by ELISA method before and after treatment. The histopathology of the heart and liver was also performed. Results The abnormal change in lipid profile, blood glucose, and inflammatory marker along with the accumulation of intracellular fats in the arteries of the heart and liver confirmed dyslipidemia. A significant reduction in serum lipid profile (p < 0.05), blood glucose (p < 0.05), and VCAM 1 (p < 0.05) was noted after the treatment with significant histopathological changes in arteries of the heart and liver. Conclusion The study provides scientific validation on the drug GTG being effective in hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation in dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samreen M Sheik
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pugazhandhi Bakthavatchalam
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Revathi P Shenoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Basavaraj S Hadapad
- Division of Ayurveda, Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deepak Nayak M
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Monalisa Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Varashree Bolar Suryakanth
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
J U C, Mohan MC, Prakash Kumar B. Attenuation of obesity related inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by varanadi kashayam and identification of potential bioactive molecules by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-15. [PMID: 33539199 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1877309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, characterised by the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese adipose tissue. In this study, 3T3-L1 CM enhanced TNF-α and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells compared with LPS treated cells. However, treatment with Varanadi kashayam suppressed the inflammatory changes associated with RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequently, RAW CM used to stimulate adipocytes, resulting in decreased intracellular lipid content and reduced adipogenic markers after Varanadi kashayam treatment. The chemical profiling of Varanadi kashayam using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS identified 194 compounds by comparing their retention time, the experimentally measured exact mass of precursor, and fragmented ions, and fragmentation pattern with spectral library and reported literature. Collectively, Varanadi kashayam act as a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic agent that could disrupt the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages. Hence it could be a better candidate for reducing inflammation associated with obese adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinchu J U
- Inflammation Research Lab, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - Mohind C Mohan
- Inflammation Research Lab, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - B Prakash Kumar
- Inflammation Research Lab, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahitha Devi SJ, Prakash Kumar B, Bashi MB, Chinchu JU, Merlin T. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of polyherbal decoction, balaguluchyadi kashayam. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
6
|
Chinchu JU, Mohan MC, Devi SJR, Kumar BP. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of Varanadi Kashayam (decoction) in THP-1-derived macrophages. Ayu 2019; 39:243-249. [PMID: 31367148 PMCID: PMC6639814 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_53_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Varanadi Kashayam is an Ayurvedic polyherbal decoction containing 16 ingredients, for which the mechanisms of action involved in controlling chronic inflammatory conditions have not been evaluated. The inhibition of release of proinflammatory cytokines by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes/macrophages is an ideal in vitro model for identifying anti-inflammatory molecules. Aim The aim of the study is to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of Varanadi Kashayam in THP-1-derived macrophages. Materials and Methods The efficacy of Varanadi Kashayam on monocyte cell differentiation was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression of differentiation markers MMP-9, CD36, CD11b and CD14. Further Varanadi Kashayam treated THP-1 macrophages were induced with LPS and the production of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were measured and corresponding genes expressions were quantified. Results The results indicate that Varanadi Kashayam reduced the differentiation of THP-1 monocytes to macrophages and downregulated the expression of cell surface markers. Furthermore, it could decrease the release of proinflammatory cytokines from LPS-induced THP-1 macrophages and downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β genes. Conclusion The results obtained from this study suggest a possible mechanism of action of the herbal decoction in inflammatory processes and opens up the possibilities of identifying bioactive lead molecules with anti-inflammatory potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J U Chinchu
- Department of School of Biosciences, Inflammation Research Lab, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Mohind C Mohan
- Department of School of Biosciences, Inflammation Research Lab, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - S J Rahitha Devi
- Department of School of Biosciences, Inflammation Research Lab, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - B Prakash Kumar
- Department of School of Biosciences, Inflammation Research Lab, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|