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Rubeiz CJ, Asero R, Betschel S, Craig T, Grumach A, Hide M, Lang D, Levin M, Longhurst H, Magan E, Maurer M, Saini R, Sussman G, Toubi E, Van DN, Zuberier T, Bernstein JA. Analysis of questionnaire survey to determine worldwide trends in prescriptions of biologics for the treatment of unresponsive chronic urticaria. World Allergy Organ J 2024; 17:100858. [PMID: 38235261 PMCID: PMC10793168 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common condition treated by allergist/immunologists, but the only FDA-approved biologic medication, omalizumab, may be underutilized globally. Objective This study was performed to determine the global prescription of omalizumab for treatment of CSU by allergists/immunologists. Methods Anonymous questionnaire surveys were distributed online to World Allergy Organization (WAO) members worldwide. Categorical data were analyzed for descriptive analysis using one-way frequency tabulation in SAS 9.4. Results There were 348 respondents (43 missing data); Average age 51 (range 28-90); M/F 48%/52%. 58% had > 15 years of clinical experience and 10% < 5; 42% worked in private clinics, 36% public hospitals, 24% academia, 18% private hospitals, and 4% in community practice. Eighty-two percent (82%) prescribed omalizumab for CSU patients and use of omalizumab was highest among young practitioners. The most significant barriers were cost (63%) and restricted formulary (24%). Drug safety (63%) and chances of adverse events (47%) were the most significant factors deciding treatment. Twenty-two percent (22%) reported 80-100% of CSU patients were complete responders to omalizumab; 34% preferred increasing frequency (q 2-weeks), and 18% preferred increasing dose (600 mg q 4-weeks) for partial or non-responders. UAS7, UCT, and CU-QoL were used to assess CSU by 55%, 29%, and 25% of respondents, respectively. Autoimmune thyroid disease (62%), thyroid abnormality (43%) and allergic rhinitis (35%) were the most frequent comorbidities reported. Conclusions Most clinicians favored omalizumab over other potential treatments due to safety. Although younger clinicians were more likely to prescribe omalizumab, cost and formulary access were major barriers. Only 22% of respondents reported 80% or greater of their patients had complete response to omalizumab, indicating the need for novel CSU therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Rubeiz
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ricardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Pademo Dugnano, Italy
| | - Stephen Betschel
- Unity Health, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Craig
- Pediatrics and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Anete Grumach
- Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Brazil
| | - Michihiro Hide
- Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - David Lang
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Hilary Longhurst
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Te Toka Tumai, New Zealand
- Department of Immunology, Auckland City Hospital, Te Toka Tumai, New Zealand
| | - Eli Magan
- Assuta Ashdod University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | - Romi Saini
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - Dinh Nguyen Van
- Vinmec Health Care System, China
- College of Health Sciences, Vin University, China
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, USA
| | - Torsten Zuberier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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2
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Krišto M, Lugović-Mihić L, Muñoz M, Rupnik M, Mahnic A, Ozretić P, Jaganjac M, Ćesić D, Kuna M. Gut Microbiome Composition in Patients with Chronic Urticaria: A Review of Current Evidence and Data. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13010152. [PMID: 36676101 PMCID: PMC9860868 DOI: 10.3390/life13010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have linked gut microorganism composition and chronic urticaria (CU); however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this connection are unknown. Since the human immune system is in homeostasis with microbiota, and the composition of the microbiome regulates the development and function of the immune system, it is likely that an alteration of microbiota components (a dysbiosis) could influence the course of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), including disease severity, patient quality of life and treatment outcome. To date, several studies have identified changes in the gut microbiota composition of patients with CSU, though only a few have exhibited metabolic abnormalities associated with gut dysbiosis. The studies on CSU patients predominantly showed that the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was decreased (Firmicutes and Bacteroides), while that of opportunistic bacteria was increased (Enterobacteria and Proteobacteria). In addition, serum metabolome analysis revealed that gut microbiota-associated alterations in unsaturated fatty acids and the butanoate metabolism pathway may play a role in CSU. These findings are potentially associated with inflammation mediated by the imbalance of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines, which might contribute to CSU pathogenesis. Further research in this field could improve clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches to patients with CSU. By applying new knowledge on gut microbial communities and metabolomics, future CSU therapies could modify the microbiota composition using agents such as probiotics or other similar agents, which, in combination with current standard therapies, could hopefully lead to a reduction in symptoms and an improved quality of life for CSU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Krišto
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Liborija Lugović-Mihić
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-3787-480
| | - Melba Muñoz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Rupnik
- Department for Microbiological Research, National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aleksander Mahnic
- Department for Microbiological Research, National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute,10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Ćesić
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Kuna
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Khan S, Chopra C, Mitchell A, Nakonechna A, Yong P, Karim MY. Resistant Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria - A Case Series Narrative Review of Treatment Options. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY (PROVIDENCE, R.I.) 2022; 13:21526575221144951. [PMID: 36578314 PMCID: PMC9791268 DOI: 10.1177/21526575221144951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) can be extremely debilitating to the patient and challenging for the treating clinician. The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom (UK) recommendation of omalizumab for patients who fail to respond to high-dose anti-histamines has improved treatment options and quality of life. However, there is still lack of clear guidelines for treatment of patients resistant to standard and anti-IgE therapies. Methods We discuss the therapeutic strategies employed among nine extremely resistant CSU cases and the heterogeneity between guidelines from different societies. Results Patients with anti-histamine-resistant urticaria either remained on omalizumab or started on immunosuppressive drugs (dapsone or ciclosporin) when they stopped responding to omalizumab. We used clinical assessment, skin biopsies (when available) and previous published reports to consider dapsone (for predominantly neutrophilic infiltration), or ciclosporin at doses between 2 and 4 mg/kg/day. One patient with ciclosporin-resistant urticaria responded to mycophenolate mofetil. Two patients remain on long-term omalizumab due to its relative safety and efficacy including 1 patient with underlying antibody deficiency where omalizumab was preferred over risks of using immunosuppressive medications. Conclusions These case studies bring to light the real-world difficulties in managing patients with resistant CSU and the need for generating the evidence base on alternative therapeutic options such as synergistic use of biologics and immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Khan
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Queen's Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK,Sujoy Khan, Department of Immunology & Allergy, Queen's Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, UK.
| | - Charu Chopra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Alla Nakonechna
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Queen's Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK,University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patrick Yong
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, Camberley, UK
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Fan X, McKnight T, Neshiwat J, Park S, Chung D, Li XM. Successful management of chronic urticaria and food allergies in a pediatric population using integrative traditional Chinese medicine therapy: a case series. Clin Mol Allergy 2022; 20:12. [PMID: 36434719 PMCID: PMC9700962 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-022-00175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy is becoming increasingly common among the pediatric population. Despite strict avoidance of food allergens, a subgroup of sensitive individuals still develops frequent, persistent, and difficult to treat hives (FPDTH) for which there is no curative therapy. Although these cases are rare, these patients are in most need of therapy. CASE PRESENTATIONS This is a retrospective review of 3 pediatric patients with highly sensitive food allergies who initially presented with hives daily or every other day, or multiple times a day, but achieved marked remission after traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies. Patient 1 (P1) is a 5-year-old who has experienced 140 reactions in his lifetime. Reactions were mostly hives with 4 episodes of anaphylaxis. P1 had used Prednisone 20 times, had an Epinephrine injection 4 times, and had 3 emergency room (ER) visits. Patient 2 (P2) is a 12-year-old who had experienced hives since age 3. Despite daily antihistamine use, P2 had > 730 reactions in his lifetime at the time of presentation including 2 episodes of anaphylaxis. He had been prescribed prednisone 4 times, an Epinephrine injection 2 times, and had 1 ER visit. Patient 3 (P3) is a 20-month-old girl who had experienced > 120 reactions including 1 episode of anaphylaxis. She was on daily desonide and frequently used an antihistamine, yet still had required a course of prednisone once, an Epinephrine injection once, and had 1 ER visit to manage her reaction. After presenting to our clinic, patients received internal and external TCM treatments, including herbal baths and creams (Remedy A-D) as basic remedies to reduce food reactions, including but not limited to frequent hives. Within 7-9 months of TCM treatment, remarkably all patients had complete remission of atopic symptoms. All three patients also experienced an improvement in other conditions including food intolerance, diarrhea, anxiety, eczema, and environmental allergies. After 1 year of treatment, all three patients had reductions in food-specific IgE levels that had been previously elevated, and additionally, P1 and P3, who initially had high total IgE levels, experienced a marked decrease in total IgE levels as well. All three patients continued to introduce foods into their diet that they previously had reactions to, and all 3 patients remain symptom-free. CONCLUSIONS Three pediatric patients with a known history of multiple food sensitivities and physician-diagnosed food allergies that presented with FPDTH underwent a TCM regimen and experienced dramatic improvement in symptoms and reduction in their IgE levels. This regimen appears to be effective in FPDTH population although a further study in a controlled clinical setting is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Fan
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Tory McKnight
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Johnathan Neshiwat
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA ,grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Song Park
- Integrative Health and Acupuncture, Mamaroneck, 10543 USA
| | - Danna Chung
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA ,Integrative Health and Acupuncture, Mamaroneck, 10543 USA ,grid.260917.b0000 0001 0728 151XDepartment of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
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5
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Andrades E, Clarós M, Torres JV, Nonell L, González M, Curto-Barredo L, Rozas-Muñoz E, Gimeno R, Barranco C, Pujol RM, Izquierdo I, Giménez-Arnau AM. New transcriptome and clinical findings of platelet-activating factor in chronic spontaneous urticaria: Pathogenic and treatment relevance. Biofactors 2022; 48:1284-1294. [PMID: 35927787 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the pathogenic and treatment relevance of Platelet Activating factor (PAF) in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The expression and cellular location of PAF receptor (PAFR) and serum levels of PAF and PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) in patients with moderate/severe CSU (n = 45) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 17) were studied. Skin samples from the active wheal (LS-CSU, 13 samples for qPCR and 33 for immunohistochemistry) and non-lesional skin (NLS-CSU, 13 samples) of CSU patients and HCs (13 samples and 5 for immunohistochemistry) were analyzed. Serum PAF and PAF-AH levels were measured by ELISA and compared between HC (10 samples) and CSU patients (25 samples) and, among them, between those refractory and non-refractory to second-generation H1 -antihistamines (sgAH). PAFR mRNA expression was significantly higher in LS-CSU versus HCs (p = 0.014). PAFR positive staining in immunohistochemistry was mainly found in the epidermal basal layer in HCs, whereas it was broadly present along the epidermis in LS-CSU samples. Endothelial cells showed PAFR expression exclusively in LS-CSU and NLS-CSU samples. PAFR expression was observed in the nerves of HC, LS-CSU, and NLS-CSU samples. Double PAFR/CD43 expression showed that T-lymphocytes were the main cell type from the wheal inflammatory infiltrate expressing PAFR. A significantly lower PAF-AH/PAF ratio was observed in sgAH non-responders versus responders (6.1 vs. 12.6; p = 0.049). Our study confirms that PAF is a mediator of wheal pathogenesis in CSU. The significantly lower PAF-AH/PAF ratio in sgAH non-responders vs responders suggests that PAF could be a potential biomarker of sgAH refractoriness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Andrades
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Dermatological Diseases, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Clarós
- Microarray Analysis Service, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lara Nonell
- Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica González
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Curto-Barredo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Dermatological Diseases, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Gimeno
- Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barranco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon M Pujol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Dermatological Diseases, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Izquierdo
- Departament of Clinical Development & Medical Advice, Biohorm SL Palau-Solità i Plegamans, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Dermatological Diseases, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Kulthanan K, Rujitharanawong C, Munprom K, Trakanwittayarak S, Phumariyapong P, Prasertsook S, Ungprasert P. Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Clinical Course of Chronic Urticaria in Elderly: A Systematic Review. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1455-1490. [PMID: 36299736 PMCID: PMC9590340 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s379912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Data specific to the epidemiology, clinical features, and management of chronic urticaria (CU) in the geriatric population remain limited and not well understood. We aim to systematically review the prevalence, clinical manifestations, treatment, and clinical course of elderly patients with CU. Patients and methods Original articles that included data of elderly (aged >60 years) with CU that were published until February 2021 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase using predfefined search terms. Related articles were evaluated according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. Results Among the included 85 studies and 1,112,066 elderly CU patients, most (57.4%) were women. The prevalence of elderly CU in the general population ranged from 0.2–2.8%, and from 0.7–33.3% among all CU patients. Compared to adult CU, elderly CU patients had a higher percentage of wheal alone (73.9%), and lower rate of positive autologous serum skin test and atopy. Gastrointestinal diseases were the most common comorbidity (71.9%), and there was a high rate of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Second generation H1-antihistamines were commonly used, and achievement of complete control was most often reported. Omalizumab was prescribed in 59 refractory patients, and a significant response to treatment was reported in most patients. The treatment of comorbidities also yielded significant improvement in CU. Conclusion Elderly CU was found to be different from adult CU in both clinical and laboratory aspects. H1- antihistamines are effective as first-line therapy with minimal side-effects at licensed doses. Treatment of secondary causes is important since the elderly usually have age-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chuda Rujitharanawong
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanyalak Munprom
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Phumithep Phumariyapong
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthasanee Prasertsook
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patompong Ungprasert
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,Correspondence: Patompong Ungprasert, Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, Tel +1 216 986 4000, Fax +1 216 986 4953, Email
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7
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Kesh S, Bernstein JA. Isolated Angioedema: A Review of Classification and Update on Management. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 129:692-702. [PMID: 35988876 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the various types of angioedema including diagnosis and treatment. DATA SOURCES PubMed search of articles in the English language various types of angioedema STUDY SELECTION: Articles on the subject matter were selected and reviewed. RESULTS Herein, a case based approach is presented for discussing the major types of angioedema including: hereditary angioedema (HAE) TypesI/II and normal complement, acquired angioedema, Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) induced angioedema, as well as histaminergic and non-histaminergic angioedema. Emerging treatments of HAE including targets of pre-kalikrein, DNA vector technology replacing C1INH protein, and CRIPSR technology targeting PKK among many others are explored. In addition, other causes as well as mimickers of angioedema are briefly reviewed. Finally, a novel algorithm is proposed to help guide the treating physician through the work up and management of patients with suspected idiopathic angioedema unresponsive to conventional therapy with antihistamines. CONCLUSION Over the years, many strides have been made in both understanding the pathophysiology of various types of angioedema as well as expansion of treatment options. It is important for clinicians to be aware of current and emerging treatment options. We provide a novel practical algorithm to guide clinicians in challenging cases of idiopathic angioedema refractory to antihistamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susamita Kesh
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy Section; Bernstein Allergy Group.
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8
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Liu R, Peng C, Jing D, Xiao Y, Zhu W, Zhao S, Zhang J, Chen X, Li J. Biomarkers of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Symptomatic Dermographism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:703126. [PMID: 34858864 PMCID: PMC8630658 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.703126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic urticaria (CU) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with Th2 immune response. The two most common subtypes of CU, i.e., chronic spontaneous urticaria and symptomatic dermographism (CSD), often coexist. However, the pathogenesis of CSD is still unclear. Gut microbiota plays an important role in immune-related inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and CSD. Methods A case-control study was conducted on CSD patients as well as gender- and age-matched normal controls (NCs). The 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing of fecal samples was used to detect the gut microbiota of all subjects. QPCR was used to further verify the species with differences between the two groups. Results The alpha diversity of gut microbiota decreased in CSD patients, accompanied by significant changes of the structure of gut microbiota. Subdoligranulum and Ruminococcus bromii decreased significantly in CSD patients and had a potential diagnostic value for CSD according to receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella were found to be positively correlated with the duration of CSD, while Clostridium disporicum was positively correlated with the dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Conclusions The gut microbiota of CSD patients is imbalanced. Subdoligranulum and Ruminococcus bromii are the gut microbiota biomarkers in CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danrong Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangjian Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Hormonal Effects on Urticaria and Angioedema Conditions. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2209-2219. [PMID: 33895364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Women appear to be more frequently affected with urticaria and angioedema. Sex hormones are believed to have an important mechanistic role in regulating pathways involved in these conditions. This effect is likely nonspecific for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) or many forms of angioedema (AE), because many other chronic diseases such as asthma are also affected by sex hormones. The role of sex hormones has been better elucidated for hereditary AE, because they have been shown to have multiple effects including upregulation of FXII, an important activator of the kallikrein pathway. However, their role in the underlying pathogenesis for CSU is less clear. Autoimmunity is clearly linked to CSU, which is more common in women. This suggests that sex hormones could act as adjuvants in activating or upregulating autoimmune pathways. The purpose of this review is to discuss in detail the role of sex hormones in CSU and AE and how a better understanding of the impact hormones has on these conditions might lead to new treatment advancements with better clinical outcomes.
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10
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Metz M, Altrichter S, Buttgereit T, Fluhr JW, Fok JS, Hawro T, Jiao Q, Kolkhir P, Krause K, Magerl M, Pyatilova P, Siebenhaar F, Su H, Terhorst-Molawi D, Weller K, Xiang YK, Maurer M. The Diagnostic Workup in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria-What to Test and Why. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2274-2283. [PMID: 33857657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), the guidelines recommend very limited diagnostic procedures during the routine workup, although additional investigations might be indicated in some patients with CSU. For physicians treating patients with CSU, it is often difficult to decide which diagnostic tests are useful. OBJECTIVE To provide recommendations on what diagnostic tests should be performed on which patients with CSU. METHODS We performed an extensive literature search on the respective topics and identified relevant questions that should prompt diagnostic procedures based on the published evidence and expert consensus among all authors. RESULTS We provide questions, diagnostic testing, where appropriate, and recommendation that should be included when assessing the history of a patient with CSU, to explore and rule out differential diagnoses, to assess patients for underlying causes and modifying conditions, to explore patients for comorbid diseases and consequences of having CSU, and to assess patients for CSU components that can help to predict their disease course and response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide physicians treating patients with CSU with information about which clues should lead to which tests and why.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Metz
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Altrichter
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Buttgereit
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim W Fluhr
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie Shen Fok
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Tomasz Hawro
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qingqing Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pavel Kolkhir
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Division of Immune-mediated Skin Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Karoline Krause
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Magerl
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Polina Pyatilova
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Huichun Su
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dorothea Terhorst-Molawi
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Weller
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi-Kui Xiang
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Bernstein JA, Singh U, Rao MB, Berendts K, Zhang X, Mutasim D. Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria with benralizumab: Report of primary endpoint per-protocol analysis and exploratory endpoints. Allergy 2021; 76:1277-1280. [PMID: 33326617 DOI: 10.1111/all.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Bernstein
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA
- Bernstein Clinical Research Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Umesh Singh
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA
| | | | | | - Xiang Zhang
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Diya Mutasim
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA
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12
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Saini S, Shams M, Bernstein JA, Maurer M. Urticaria and Angioedema Across the Ages. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:1866-1874. [PMID: 32298850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic urticaria (CU) and angioedema can occur at any age. Although most CU with or without angioedema occurs in adults, it can also present in children or the elderly and can complicate pregnancy and breast-feeding. The presentations of CU and angioedema are different in children, middle-aged adults, and older patients as are the differential diagnoses. Therefore, the management of CU and angioedema in these different age groups and special populations needs to take into account the age-specific features of urticaria and angioedema. Here, we describe the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of CU and angioedema in children, middle-aged adults, and older patients. This review focuses on CU with or without angioedema and does not discuss acute urticaria or bradykinin-mediated angioedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjit Saini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Md
| | - Marissa Shams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Gonzalez-Diaz SN, Sanchez-Borges M, Rangel-Gonzalez DM, Guzman-Avilan RI, Canseco-Villarreal JI, Arias-Cruz A. Chronic urticaria and thyroid pathology. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100101. [PMID: 32180891 PMCID: PMC7063156 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urticaria is defined as the sudden appearance of erythematous, itchy wheals of variable size, with or without angioedema (AE) (swelling of the deeper layers of the skin). Its classification depends on time course of symptoms and the presence of eliciting factors. When it lasts less than 6 weeks it is classified as acute urticaria (AU), and if the symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks, it is classified as chronic urticaria (CU). Current International Guidelines also classify CU as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and inducible urticarial, according to the absence or presence of environmental triggering factors. CSU is defined as urticaria and/or angioedema in which there is no evidence of a specific eliciting factor. CSU is associated with autoimmunity in 30-45% of the cases, sharing some immunological mechanisms with other autoimmune diseases, and is associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) in about 4.3%-57.4% patients. Several studies suggest that adequate therapy with anti-thyroid drugs or levothyroxine in early stages of ATD and CSU, may help to remit the latter; but there is still a lack of double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that support this hypothesis in patients without abnormal thyroid hormone levels. The objective of this review is to describe the pathophysiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria and its association with autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Key Words
- AAbs, autoantibodies
- AD, autoimmune diseases
- AE, angioedema
- AMA, antithyroid microsomal antibody
- ASST, autologous serum skin test
- ATAbs, anti-thyroid autoantibodies
- ATD, autoimmune thyroid disease
- Autoimmunity
- BAT, basophil activation test
- CAU, chronic autoimmune urticaria
- CSU, chronic spontaneous urticaria
- CU, chronic urticaria
- Chronic urticaria
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- FcεRIa, high affinity IgE receptor
- GD, Graves' disease
- HT, Hashimoto's thyroiditis/autoimmune thyroiditis
- Histamine
- ICU, inducible chronic urticaria
- IFN-γ, gamma interferon
- IL, Interleukin
- IgE, Immunoglobulin E
- IgG, Immunoglobulin G
- Levothyroxine
- NSAH, non-sedating antihistamines
- PAF, platelet activating factor
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- T4L, free thyroxine
- TG, thyroglobulin
- TGAbs, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
- TLR, Toll-like receptors
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TPOAbs, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies
- TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone
- TSHR, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor
- Thyroid disease
- Treg, regulatory T cells
- UAS, urticaria activity score
- Urticaria
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Nora Gonzalez-Diaz
- Centro Regional de Alergia e Inmunología Clinica, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Ave. Gonzalitos y Madero, s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Mario Sanchez-Borges
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Medico Docente La Trinidad, Allergy Service, Clinica El Avila, 6a. Transversal Urb. Altamira, Piso 8, Consultorio 803, Caracas, 1060, Venezuela
| | - Diana Maria Rangel-Gonzalez
- Centro Regional de Alergia e Inmunología Clinica, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Ave. Gonzalitos y Madero, s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Rosa Ivett Guzman-Avilan
- Centro Regional de Alergia e Inmunología Clinica, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Ave. Gonzalitos y Madero, s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jose Ignacio Canseco-Villarreal
- Centro Regional de Alergia e Inmunología Clinica, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Ave. Gonzalitos y Madero, s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Arias-Cruz
- Centro Regional de Alergia e Inmunología Clinica, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Ave. Gonzalitos y Madero, s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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14
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Abstract
Urticaria is a common presenting problem to the primary care provider. Acute urticaria lasting less than 6 weeks may be associated with a drug or food allergens. Chronic urticaria lasting more than 6 weeks is often associated without a known underlying cause. Inducible stimuli causing hives should be excluded using specific provocation testing. Treatment follows a standardized algorithmic approach as outlined by the Joint Task Force Practice Parameter and/or International Urticaria guidelines. Patients not responsive to steps 1 or 2 should be referred to an urticaria specialist for further evaluation and treatment. The prognosis and outcome of urticaria is generally very favorable for most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Greiwe
- University of Cincinnati Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy Section, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML#563, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Bernstein Allergy Group, 8444 Winton Road, Cincinnati, OH 45231, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- University of Cincinnati Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy Section, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML#563, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Bernstein Allergy Group, 8444 Winton Road, Cincinnati, OH 45231, USA.
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15
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Ulambayar B, Yang EM, Cha HY, Shin YS, Park HS, Ye YM. Increased platelet activating factor levels in chronic spontaneous urticaria predicts refractoriness to antihistamine treatment: an observational study. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:33. [PMID: 31346408 PMCID: PMC6636088 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-019-0275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet activating factor (PAF) is an endogenous, active phospholipid released from inflammatory cells, platelets, and endothelial cells, and is involved in the regulation of immune responses. Degradation of PAF by PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) has been shown to be associated with anaphylaxis, asthma, and peanut allergy. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among clinical parameters, including urticaria severity and treatment responsiveness, and PAF and PAF-AH levels in sera from patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Methods Serum PAF and PAF-AH levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 283 CSU patients and 111 age- and sex-matched, healthy normal controls (NCs). Urticaria severity was evaluated by urticaria activity score over 7 days (UAS7). Within 3 months after measuring PAF levels, patients whose urticaria was not controlled by antihistamine treatment were classified as histamine receptor 1 antagonist (H1RA) non-responders. Results Serum PAF levels were significantly higher in CSU patients than in NCs (median 4368.9 vs. 3256.4 pg/ml, p = 0.015), while serum PAF-AH levels were significantly lower in CSU patients (105.6 vs. 125.7 ng/ml, p = 0.001). H1RA non-responders had higher levels of PAF in their sera than H1RA responders. A generalized linear model revealed that a higher UAS7 score (odds ratio 1.023, p = 0.024) and a PAF level ≥ 5000 pg/ml (1.409, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of a poor response to H1RA treatment. Conclusions Compared with NCs, CSU patients, particularly those with H1RA refractoriness, showed significant increases in serum PAF levels and decreases in PAF-AH. Therapies modulating PAF and PAF-AH levels could be effective in patients with CSU refractory to antihistamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastsetseg Ulambayar
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Yang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Cha
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Yoo-Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Young-Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
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16
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Monfort JB, Moguelet P, Amsler E, Francès C, Barbaud A, Soria A. [What is neutrophilic urticaria?]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 146:346-353. [PMID: 30910338 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some debate continues to surround the existence of neutrophilic urticaria (NU) as a nosological entity. Certain authors consider NU as a banal form of urticaria since an infiltrate predominantly made up of polynuclear neutrophils (PNN) is seen in certain cases of chronic and acute urticaria. Moreover, it has been stated that the histological appearance of chronic urticaria varies according to the time between appearance of the plaque and the performance of biopsy: the presence of PNN may occur later. According to the literature, there appear to be no specific clinical characteristics associated with the presence of PNN at histology. Most cases exhibit moderate laboratory inflammatory syndrome. Data concerning therapeutic response are contradictory: some studies have shown no significant difference in terms of therapeutic response in relation to banal urticaria, while only one study has demonstrated superior response to dapsone in the case of histologically demonstrated neutrophilic infiltrate. There does not appear to be any disease more frequently associated in the event of NU. In conclusion, the available data concerning NU are insufficient to confirm the existence of this condition. A prospective study comparing routine acute and chronic urticaria biopsies would be extremely useful to better characterise the relationships between cellular infiltrate and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Monfort
- Service de dermatologie et d'allergologie, HUEP, Sorbonne Universités, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
| | - P Moguelet
- Service d'anatomo-pathologie, hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - E Amsler
- Service de dermatologie et d'allergologie, HUEP, Sorbonne Universités, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - C Francès
- Service de dermatologie et d'allergologie, HUEP, Sorbonne Universités, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - A Barbaud
- Service de dermatologie et d'allergologie, HUEP, Sorbonne Universités, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - A Soria
- Service de dermatologie et d'allergologie, HUEP, Sorbonne Universités, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Inserm U1135, centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), 75013 Paris, France
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17
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Curto-Barredo L, Giménez-Arnau AM. Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria with an inadequate response to H1-antihistamine. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2019; 154:444-456. [PMID: 30717573 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.19.06274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The second-generation H1-antihistamines (sgAH) are the first-line symptomatic treatment of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Up to 50% of the patients will not respond to licensed doses of sgAH. According to the guidelines, the dose of sgAH may be increased up to 4 times the conventional dose. However, even at higher doses, there is a subgroup of patients refractory to the antihistamine treatment. The purpose of this article was to review the different treatment options of antihistamine-refractory CSU patients. This revision examines the available literature for therapies used in chronic urticaria, including omalizumab, ciclosporin A, oral glucocorticoids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, H2 antihistamines, doxepin, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, phototherapy, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, autohemotherapy, intravenous immunoglobulins and rituximab, between others. After the exhaustive review of the medical literature only few high-quality studies have been identified, mostly for omalizumab. Omalizumab is an anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody, approved for the treatment of CSU, that has radically changed the management of the patients without good response to sgAH, allowing to reach complete responses in a high percentage of patients. Although actually the therapeutic management of CSU is more effective and safer than before 2014, there is place even for new and more effective treatments. A good number of partial responders and slow responders to omalizumab and a little percentage still of non-responders to available therapies stimulate the development of new drugs that will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Curto-Barredo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain - .,Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Antia C, Baquerizo K, Korman A, Alikhan A, Bernstein JA. Urticaria: A comprehensive review: Treatment of chronic urticaria, special populations, and disease outcomes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 79:617-633. [PMID: 30241624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Second-generation antihistamines are considered first-line agents in the treatment of chronic urticaria because of their safety and efficacy profile. Some patients require higher doses of H1 antihistamines alone or in combination with other classes of medications, including H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, or first-generation H1 antihistamines. One major therapeutic advance has been omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E that was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic urticaria that is unresponsive to H1 antagonists. In addition, the second article in this continuing medical education series outlines several evidence-based alternative treatments for urticaria and the differences in recommendations between 2 major consensus groups (the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology/World Allergy Organization and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Antia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | | | - Abraham Korman
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ali Alikhan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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19
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Antia C, Baquerizo K, Korman A, Bernstein JA, Alikhan A. Urticaria: A comprehensive review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 79:599-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shahzad Mustafa S, Sánchez-Borges M. Chronic Urticaria: Comparisons of US, European, and Asian Guidelines. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29796863 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic urticaria is a common dermatological condition that has significant impact on quality of life. Multiple international societies have published guidelines, and although these guidelines generally agree on the definition of urticaria, as well as approach to diagnosis and management, there have been notable differences to date. These differences have been reconciled by the recent publication of the 2017 revision and update published by the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO. RECENT FINDINGS The 2017 revision and update to the guidelines for chronic urticaria are the most comprehensive consensus document to date, and reconcile previously existing differences between the US, European, and Asian guidelines. The purpose of our review is to present basic background on urticaria and discuss classification, diagnosis, and most importantly, management. We present differences from previous US, European, and Asian guidelines and reconcile the previous differences by summarizing the 2017 revision and update published by the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahzad Mustafa
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY, USA. .,University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Mario Sánchez-Borges
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela
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Robinson KP, Chan JJ. Colchicine in dermatology: A review. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 59:278-285. [PMID: 29430631 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory agent that has been used for decades for the treatment of various diseases including gout, familial Mediterranean fever and pericarditis and in recent years for dermatological indications including chronic urticaria, cutaneous vasculitis and psoriasis. Despite its efficacy in various cutaneous diseases, the use of colchicine may be limited by concerns over its side-effects and the potential for toxicity. This article reviews the current literature on the pharmacology of colchicine and its clinical applications in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan J Chan
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Rutkowski K, Grattan CEH. How to manage chronic urticaria 'beyond' guidelines: a practical algorithm. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 47:710-718. [PMID: 28452145 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic urticaria (CU) is a disease characterized by pruritic weals, angio-oedema or both occurring for at least 6 weeks. It encompasses spontaneous and inducible urticarias. The national and international guidelines outline the principles of treatment. Omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody, has transformed the management of many severe and treatment-refractory patients. However, current UK guidance on its use does not address the needs of those with less severe disease, inducible urticarias, idiopathic histaminergic angio-oedema without weals as a presentation of CU and omalizumab non-responders. Our algorithm and a summary of the evidence to support its principles offers guidance and a more systematic targeted approach to using a range of 'off-label' agents for specific phenotypes of CU. It will be of use when guideline-recommended mast cell mediator antagonists fail to control symptoms and/or using omalizumab is ineffective, not practical or unfunded.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rutkowski
- Urticaria Clinic, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK.,Department of Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C E H Grattan
- Urticaria Clinic, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK
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Autoimmune comorbidity in chronic spontaneous urticaria: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:1196-1208. [PMID: 29037900 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Numerous autoimmune diseases (AIDs) have been linked to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Here, we provide the first extensive and comprehensive evaluation of the prevalence of AIDs in patients with CSU and vice versa. METHODS A Pubmed and Google Scholar search was performed to identify studies reporting the prevalence of various AIDs in CSU and vice versa published before April 2017. RESULTS The prevalence of individual AIDs in CSU is increased (≥1% in most studies vs ≤1% in the general population). AIDs with relatively high prevalence in the general population are also quite common in CSU patients, whereas those with low prevalence remain a rare finding in CSU. The rates of comorbidity in most studies were ≥1% for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis and celiac disease (CD), ≥2% for Graves' disease, ≥3% for vitiligo, and ≥5% for pernicious anemia and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Organ-specific AIDs are more prevalent in CSU than systemic (multiorgan or non organ-specific) AIDs. >2% of CSU patients have autoimmune polyglandular syndromes encompassing autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) and vitiligo or pernicious anemia. Antithyroid and antinuclear antibodies are the most prevalent AID-associated autoantibodies in CSU. >15% of CSU patients have a positive family history for AIDs. The prevalence of urticarial rash in AID patients is >1% in most studies. This rash is more prevalent in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, ATD, systemic lupus erythematosus, RA and CD. CONCLUSIONS CSU patients have an increased risk of AIDs, especially adult female patients and those with a positive family history and a genetic predisposition for AIDs, who should be screened for signs and symptoms of AIDs.
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Kolkhir P, Metz M, Altrichter S, Maurer M. Comorbidity of chronic spontaneous urticaria and autoimmune thyroid diseases: A systematic review. Allergy 2017; 72:1440-1460. [PMID: 28407273 DOI: 10.1111/all.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) are widely held to often have other autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune thyroid disease. Here, we systematically evaluated the literature on the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in CSU and vice versa. There is a strong link between CSU and elevated levels of IgG antithyroid autoantibodies (AAbs), with most of a large number of studies reporting rates of ≥10%. Levels of IgG against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) are more often elevated in CSU than those of other IgG antithyroid AAbs (strong evidence). Levels of IgG antithyroid AAbs are more often elevated in adult patients with CSU than in children (strong evidence). Patients with CSU exhibit significantly higher levels of IgG antithyroid AAbs (strong evidence) and IgE-anti-TPO (weak evidence) than controls. Elevated IgG antithyroid AAbs in CSU are linked to the use of glucocorticoids (weak evidence) but not to disease duration or severity/activity, gender, age, or ASST response (inconsistent evidence). Thyroid dysfunction rates are increased in patients with CSU (strong evidence). Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are more common than hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease (strong evidence). Thyroid dysfunction is more common in adult patients with CSU than in children (strong evidence) and in female than in male patients with CSU (weak evidence). Urticaria including CSU is more prevalent in patients with thyroid autoimmunity than in controls (weak evidence). CSU can improve in response to treatment with levothyroxine or other thyroid drugs (strong evidence). Pathogenic mechanisms in CSU patients with thyroid autoimmunity may include IgE against autoantigens, immune complexes, and complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Kolkhir
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - M. Metz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - S. Altrichter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Urinary N-methyl histamine levels relate to the presence of angioedema and decrease with the duration of chronic urticaria. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:201-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Greiwe J, Bernstein JA. Therapy of antihistamine-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 13:311-318. [PMID: 27744711 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1249467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic urticaria affects up to 1-3% of the general population and contributes to significant direct and indirect medical costs as well as decreased quality of life, which has a significant economic impact on our health care system. Areas covered: Given the prevalence of this condition on a large sector of the population, finding lasting relief for refractory cases is essential and is the focus of this review. Expert commentary: The choice of appropriate therapy in chronic refractory urticaria is not a 'one-size fits all' approach. Treatment should take multiple factors into consideration including the chronicity of hives, presence of physical urticaria, type of cellular infiltrate on skin histopathology, patient age, concomitant comorbid conditions, as well as patient preference and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Greiwe
- a Bernstein Allergy Group , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology Rheumatology and Allergy , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- a Bernstein Allergy Group , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology Rheumatology and Allergy , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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Seth S, Khan DA. The Comparative Safety of Multiple Alternative Agents in Refractory Chronic Urticaria Patients. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 5:165-170.e2. [PMID: 27746265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who have failed traditional treatment of chronic urticaria may require trials of alternative medications. Safety profiles, continuous laboratory monitoring, and physician comfort are often barriers to treatment. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety of alternative agents used in chronic urticaria. METHODS A retrospective chart review of electronic medical records from a single-center allergy and immunology clinic in a major academic hospital was conducted. One hundred twenty-six charts of patients with chronic urticaria treated with alternative agents were reviewed. RESULTS Adverse effects were reported in 39 of 73 (53%) patients on dapsone, 19 of 47 (40%) patients on sulfasalazine, 15 of 36 (42%) patients on tacrolimus, 7 of 45 (16%) patients on hydroxychloroquine, 9 of 27 (33%) patients on mycophenolate, 6 of 8 (75%) patients on cyclosporine, and 3 of 24 (4%) patients on omalizumab. Most of these adverse effects were mild, did not require discontinuation of the medication, and resolved after stopping the medication or decreasing the dose. CONCLUSIONS The use of alternative agents for the treatment of chronic urticaria angioedema is generally safe when proper laboratory and clinical monitoring is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Seth
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, Dallas, Texas.
| | - David A Khan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, Dallas, Texas
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Fine LM, Bernstein JA. Guideline of Chronic Urticaria Beyond. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016; 8:396-403. [PMID: 27334777 PMCID: PMC4921693 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2016.8.5.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Urticaria is a relatively common condition that if chronic can persist for weeks, months or years and affect quality of life significantly. The etiology is often difficult to determine, especially as it becomes chronic. Many cases of chronic urticaria are thought to be autoimmune, although there is no consensus that testing for autoimmunity alters the diagnostic or management strategies or outcomes. Many times, urticaria is easily managed with antihistamines and/or short courses of oral corticosteroids, but too often control is insufficient and additional therapies must be added. For years, immune modulating medications, such as cyclosporine and Mycophenolate Mofetil, have been used in cases refractory to antihistamines and oral corticosteroids, although the evidence supporting their efficacy and safety has been limited. Omalizumab was recently approved for the treatment of chronic urticaria unresponsive to H1-antagonists. This IgG anti-IgE monoclonal antibody has been well demonstrated to safely and effectively control chronic urticaria at least partially in approximately 2/3 of cases. However, the mechanism of action and duration of treatment for omalizumab is still unclear. It is hoped that as the pathobiology of chronic urticaria becomes better defined, future therapies that target specific mechanistic pathways will be developed that continue to improve the management of these often challenging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Fine
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Fine LM, Bernstein JA. Urticaria Guidelines: Consensus and Controversies in the European and American Guidelines. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:30. [PMID: 26141580 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Urticaria can present acutely and be self-limiting or become chronic and persist for weeks, months, or years. In either case, the condition may have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Two major consensus groups, the EAACI/WAO and the AAAAI/ACAAI Joint Task Force, have written guidelines on the diagnosis and management of urticaria. While both agree on most points regarding the definition, general evaluation, and treatment, there are some differences which exist. The guidelines, which are written to assist both primary practitioners and specialists in managing their patients with urticaria, have been developed based on scientific evidence, and when insufficient evidence is available, then recommendations are based on expert consensus opinion. The majority of the differences between the two guidelines pertain to recommendations based on expert opinion because of weak scientific evidence. Within this document, we compare the recommendations of these two groups, highlighting the key similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Fine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Ave Suite 1101, Miami, FL, 33136, USA,
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