1
|
Várhelyi ZP, Kálmán J, Oláh Z, Ivitz EV, Fodor EK, Sántha M, Datki ZL, Pákáski M. Adiponectin Receptors Are Less Sensitive to Stress in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:199. [PMID: 28442988 PMCID: PMC5386987 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin and leptin are implicated in the initiation and pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The serum concentrations of these adipokines has been extensively studied in AD, however little is known about their receptors in this disease. Objective: We developed a novel approach to examine whether the receptors of adiponectin (AdipoR1 and -R2) and/or leptin (LepR) can contribute to AD pathomechanism. To achieve this, we investigated the effect of both genetic and environmental factors associated with AD on the expression of these receptors. Method: We used C57BL/6J (WT) and APP(swe)/Presen(e9d)1 (AD) mice. Both strains were exposed to restraint stress (RS) daily for 6h over different time periods. Then, we measured the mRNA expression of AdipoR1, AdipoR2 and LepR and the level of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins in the hippocampal and prefrontal cortical areas of each mouse. Results: We detected brain region specific transcriptomic changes of adiponectin receptors induced by APP and PS1 transgenes. Both acute and chronic RS caused significant elevations in AdipoR1 mRNA expression in the hippocampus of WT mice. In the prefrontal cortex, the mRNA expression of AdipoR1 followed a biphasic course. In AD mice, RS did not promote any changes in the expression of AdipoR1 mRNA and AdipoR1 protein levels. AdipoR2 mRNA in AD animals, however, showed a significant increase in the prefrontal cortex during RS. Regarding AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein expression, relevant changes could be measured during stress exposure in both brain areas. Furthermore, stress exposed groups exhibited little change in LepR mRNA expression. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that carrying the transgenes associated with AD induces modification in the expression of both adiponectin receptors. In the case of a normal genetic background, these receptors also appear to be sensitive to environmental factors, while in a genetically determined AD model less response to stress stimuli could be observed. The results suggest that modification of adipokine receptors could also be considered in the therapeutic approach to AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán P Várhelyi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - János Kálmán
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Zita Oláh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter V Ivitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter K Fodor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sántha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesSzeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt L Datki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Pákáski
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Whitfield JF, Chiarini A, Dal Prà I, Armato U, Chakravarthy B. The Possible Roles of the Dentate Granule Cell's Leptin and Other Ciliary Receptors in Alzheimer's Neuropathology. Cells 2015; 4:253-74. [PMID: 26184316 PMCID: PMC4588035 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentate-gyral granule cells in the hippocampus plus dentate gyrus memory-recording/retrieving machine, unlike most other neurons in the brain, are continuously being generated in the adult brain with the important task of separating overlapping patterns of data streaming in from the outside world via the entorhinal cortex. This "adult neurogenesis" is driven by tools in the mature granule cell's cilium. Here we report our discovery of leptin's LepRb receptor in this cilium. In addition, we discuss how ciliary LepRb signaling might be involved with ciliary p75NTR and SSTR3 receptors in adult neurogenesis and memory formation as well as attenuation of Alzheimer's neuropathology by reducing the production of its toxic amyloid-β-derived drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Whitfield
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Anna Chiarini
- Histology & Embryology Unit, Department of Life & Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, 8 Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Venetia 37134, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Histology & Embryology Unit, Department of Life & Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, 8 Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Venetia 37134, Italy.
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Histology & Embryology Unit, Department of Life & Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, 8 Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Venetia 37134, Italy.
| | - Balu Chakravarthy
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Braverman ER, Han D, Oscar-Berman M, Karikh T, Truesdell C, Dushaj K, Kreuk F, Li M, Stratton D, Blum K. Menopause Analytical Hormonal Correlate Outcome Study (MAHCOS) and the association to brain electrophysiology (P300) in a clinical setting. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105048. [PMID: 25251414 PMCID: PMC4174522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have demonstrated that increased leptin levels and obesity are inversely related to cognitive decline in menopausal women. It is hypothesized that adiposity is inversely correlated with cognitive decline, as women with increased weight are less vulnerable to diminishing cognition. However, it is increasingly observed that menopausal women, even with increased adiposity, experience significant cognitive decline. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to analyze cognitive function and processing in menopausal women. Evoked potentials (P300) and neurophysiologic tests have validated brain metabolism in cognitively impaired patients. Post-hoc analyses of 796 female patients entering PATH Medical Clinic, between January 4, 2009 and February 24, 2013, were performed as part of the "Menopause Analytical Hormonal Correlate Outcome Study" (MAHCOS). Patient age range was 39-76 years (46.7 ± 0.2). P300 latency and amplitude correlated with a number of hormones: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, estrone, estriol, DHEA, pregnenolone, progesterone, free and total testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Vitamins D 1.25 and D 25OH, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3). Corrected statistics did not reveal significant associations with P300 latency or amplitude for these hormones except for leptin plasma levels. However, factor analysis showed that FSH and LH clustered together with Vitamin D1.25 and Vitamin D25OH, P300 latency (not amplitude), and log leptin were found to be associated in the same cluster. Utilizing regression analysis, once age adjusted, leptin was the only significant predictor for latency or speed (p = 0.03) with an effect size of 0.23. Higher plasma leptin levels were associated with abnormal P300 speed (OR = 0.98). Our findings show a significant relationship of higher plasma leptin levels, potentially due to leptin resistance, and prolonged P300 latency. This suggests leptin resistance may delay electrophysiological processing of memory and attention, which appears to be the first of such an association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Braverman
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Han
- Department of Management Science and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Karikh
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Courtney Truesdell
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kristina Dushaj
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Florian Kreuk
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mona Li
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Danielle Stratton
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Human Integrated Services Unit, University of Vermont, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
- Dominion Diagnostics, LLC., North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|