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McDonough IM, Cody SL, Harrell ER, Garrett SL, Popp TE. Cognitive differences across ethnoracial category, socioeconomic status across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum: Can an ability discrepancy score level the playing field? Mem Cognit 2023; 51:543-560. [PMID: 35338450 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-022-01304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An ability discrepancy (crystallized minus fluid abilities) might be a personally relevant cognitive marker of risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and might help reduce measurement bias often present in traditional measures of cognition. In a large national sample of adults aged 60-104 years (N = 14,257), we investigated whether the intersectionality of group characteristics previously shown to pose a risk for AD including ethnoracial category, socioeconomic status, and sex (a) differed in ability discrepancy compared to traditional neuropsychological tests and (b) moderated the relationship between an ability discrepancy and AD symptom severity. In cognitively normal older adults, results indicated that across each decade, fluid and memory composite scores generally exhibited large group differences with sex, education, and ethnoracial category. In contrast, the ability discrepancy score showed much smaller group differences, thus removing much of the biases inherent in the tests. Women with higher education differed in discrepancy performance from other groups, suggesting a subgroup in which this score might reduce bias to a lesser extent. Importantly, a greater ability discrepancy was associated with greater AD symptom severity across the AD continuum. Subgroup analyses suggest that this relationship holds for all groups except for some subgroups of Hispanic Americans. These findings suggest that an ability discrepancy measure might be a better indicator of baseline cognition than traditional measures that show more egregious measurement bias across diverse groups of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M McDonough
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Shameka L Cody
- College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Erin R Harrell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | | | - Taylor E Popp
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
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2
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Nanotopography and Microconfinement Impact on Primary Hippocampal Astrocyte Morphology, Cytoskeleton and Spontaneous Calcium Wave Signalling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020293. [PMID: 36672231 PMCID: PMC9856934 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes' organisation affects the functioning and the fine morphology of the brain, both in physiological and pathological contexts. Although many aspects of their role have been characterised, their complex functions remain, to a certain extent, unclear with respect to their contribution to brain cell communication. Here, we studied the effects of nanotopography and microconfinement on primary hippocampal rat astrocytes. For this purpose, we fabricated nanostructured zirconia surfaces as homogenous substrates and as micrometric patterns, the latter produced by a combination of an additive nanofabrication and micropatterning technique. These engineered substrates reproduce both nanotopographical features and microscale geometries that astrocytes encounter in their natural environment, such as basement membrane topography, as well as blood vessels and axonal fibre topology. The impact of restrictive adhesion manifests in the modulation of several cellular properties of single cells (morphological and actin cytoskeletal changes) and the network organisation and functioning. Calcium wave signalling was observed only in astrocytes grown in confined geometries, with an activity enhancement in cells forming elongated agglomerates with dimensions typical of blood vessels or axon fibres. Our results suggest that calcium oscillation and wave propagation are closely related to astrocytic morphology and actin cytoskeleton organisation.
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3
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Patient-specific computational fluid dynamic simulation of cerebrospinal fluid flow in the intracranial space. Brain Res 2022; 1790:147962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Sun C, Qi L, Cheng Y, Zhao Y, Gu C. Immediate induction of varicosities by transverse compression but not uniaxial stretch in axon mechanosensation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:7. [PMID: 35074017 PMCID: PMC8785443 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniaxial stretch is believed to drive diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Axonal varicosities are enlarged structures along axonal shafts and represent a hallmark feature of DAI. Here we report that axonal varicosities initiate in vivo immediately after head impact and are mainly induced by transverse compression but not uniaxial stretch. Vertical and lateral impacts to the mouse head induced axonal varicosities in distinct brain regions before any changes of microglial markers. Varicosities preferentially formed along axons perpendicular to impact direction. In cultured neurons, whereas 50% uniaxial strain was needed to rapidly induce axonal varicosities in a nanowrinkled stretch assay, physiologically-relevant transverse compression effectively induced axonal varicosities in a fluid puffing assay and can generate large but nonuniform deformation simulated by finite element analysis. Therefore, impact strength and direction may determine the threshold and spatial pattern of axonal varicosity initiation, respectively, partially resulting from intrinsic properties of axon mechanosensation.
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Khlebodarova TM. The molecular view of mechanical stress of brain cells, local translation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:92-100. [PMID: 34901706 PMCID: PMC8629365 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The assumption that chronic mechanical stress in brain cells stemming from intracranial hypertension,
arterial hypertension, or mechanical injury is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases was put forward in the
1990s and has since been supported. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the way from cell exposure to mechanical stress to disturbances in synaptic plasticity followed by changes in behavior, cognition, and
memory are still poorly understood. Here we review (1) the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms regulating local translation and the actin cytoskeleton state at an activated synapse, where they play a key role in the
formation of various sorts of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory, and (2) possible pathways of mechanical
stress intervention. The roles of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway; the RNA-binding
FMRP protein; the CYFIP1 protein, interacting with FMRP; the family of small GTPases; and the WAVE regulatory
complex in the regulation of translation initiation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements in dendritic spines of the
activated synapse are discussed. Evidence is provided that chronic mechanical stress may result in aberrant activation of mTOR signaling and the WAVE regulatory complex via the YAP/TAZ system, the key sensor of mechanical
signals, and influence the associated pathways regulating the formation of F actin filaments and the dendritic spine
structure. These consequences may be a risk factor for various neurological conditions, including autistic spectrum
disorders and epileptic encephalopathy. In further consideration of the role of the local translation system in the
development of neuropsychic and neurodegenerative diseases, an original hypothesis was put forward that one
of the possible causes of synaptopathies is impaired proteome stability associated with mTOR hyperactivity and
formation of complex dynamic modes of de novo protein synthesis in response to synapse-stimulating factors,
including chronic mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Khlebodarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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6
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Garrudo FFF, Nogueira DES, Rodrigues CAV, Ferreira FA, Paradiso P, Colaço R, Marques AC, Cabral JMS, Morgado J, Linhardt RJ, Ferreira FC. Electrical stimulation of neural-differentiating iPSCs on novel coaxial electroconductive nanofibers. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5359-5382. [PMID: 34223566 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering strategies are paramount to create fully mature neurons, necessary for new therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases or the creation of reliable in vitro models. Scaffolds can provide physical support for these neurons and enable cues for enhancing neural cell differentiation, such as electrical current. Coaxial electrospinning fibers, designed to fulfill neural cell needs, bring together an electroconductive shell layer (PCL-PANI), able to mediate electrical stimulation of cells cultivated on fibers mesh surface, and a soft core layer (PGS), used to finetune fiber diameter (951 ± 465 nm) and mechanical properties (1.3 ± 0.2 MPa). Those dual functional coaxial fibers are electroconductive (0.063 ± 0.029 S cm-1, stable over 21 days) and biodegradable (72% weigh loss in 12 hours upon human lipase accelerated assay). For the first time, the long-term effects of electrical stimulation on induced neural progenitor cells were studied using such fibers. The results show increase in neural maturation (upregulation of MAP2, NEF-H and SYP), up-regulation of glutamatergic marker genes (VGLUT1 - 15-fold) and voltage-sensitive channels (SCN1α - 12-fold, CACNA1C - 32-fold), and a down-regulation of GABAergic marker (GAD67 - 0.09-fold), as detected by qRT-PCR. Therefore, this study suggest a shift from an inhibitory to an excitatory neural cell profile. This work shows that the PGS/PCL-PANI coaxial fibers here developed have potential applications in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F F Garrudo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA. and Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo E S Nogueira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Flávio A Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrizia Paradiso
- IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Colaço
- IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C Marques
- CERENA, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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De Luca M, Mandala M, Rose G. Towards an understanding of the mechanoreciprocity process in adipocytes and its perturbation with aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111522. [PMID: 34147549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a complex organ, with multiple functions that are essential for maintaining metabolic health. A feature of AT is its capability to expand in response to physiological challenges, such as pregnancy and aging, and during chronic states of positive energy balance occurring throughout life. AT grows through adipogenesis and/or an increase in the size of existing adipocytes. One process that is required for healthy AT growth is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is a necessary step to restore mechanical homeostasis and maintain tissue integrity and functionality. While the relationship between mechanobiology and adipogenesis is now well recognized, less is known about the role of adipocyte mechanosignaling pathways in AT growth. In this review article, we first summarize evidence linking ECM remodelling to AT expansion and how its perturbation is associated to a metabolically unhealthy phenotype. Subsequently, we highlight findings suggesting that molecules involved in the dynamic, bidirectional process (mechanoreciprocity) enabling adipocytes to sense changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM are interconnected to pathways regulating lipid metabolism. Finally, we discuss processes through which aging may influence the ability of adipocytes to appropriately respond to alterations in ECM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Maurizio Mandala
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
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Marinval N, Chew SY. Mechanotransduction assays for neural regeneration strategies: A focus on glial cells. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:021505. [PMID: 33948526 PMCID: PMC8088332 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are mechanosensitive, and thus, engineered systems have taken a step forward to design mechanotransduction platforms in order to impart diverse mechanical stresses to cells. Mechanical strain encountered in the central nervous system can arise from diverse mechanisms, such as tissue reorganization, fluid flow, and axon growth, as well as pathological events including axon swelling or mechanical trauma. Biomechanical relevance of the in vitro mechanical testing requires to be placed in line with the physiological and mechanical changes in central nervous tissues that occur during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Mechanotransduction signaling utilized by glial cells and the recent approaches intended to model altered microenvironment adapted to pathological context are discussed in this review. New insights in systems merging substrate's stiffness and topography should be considered for further glial mechanotransduction studies, while testing platforms for drug discoveries promise great advancements in pharmacotherapy. Potential leads and strategies for clinical outcomes are expected to be developed following the exploration of these glial mechanosensitive signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marinval
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: +65 6316 8812. Fax: +65 6794 7553
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9
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Garrudo FFF, Mikael PE, Rodrigues CAV, Udangawa RW, Paradiso P, Chapman CA, Hoffman P, Colaço R, Cabral JMS, Morgado J, Linhardt RJ, Ferreira FC. Polyaniline-polycaprolactone fibers for neural applications: Electroconductivity enhanced by pseudo-doping. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111680. [PMID: 33545842 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Replenishing neurons in patients with neurodegenerative diseases is one of the ultimate therapies for these progressive, debilitating and fatal diseases. Electrical stimulation can improve neuron stem cell differentiation but requires a reliable nanopatterned electroconductive substrate. Potential candidate substrates are polycaprolactone (PCL) - polyaniline:camphorsulfonic acid (PANI:CSA) nanofibers, but their nanobiophysical properties need to be finetuned. The present study investigates the use of the pseudo-doping effect on the optimization of the electroconductivity of these polyaniline-based electrospun nanofibers. This was performed by developing a new solvent system that comprises a mixture of hexafluoropropanol (HFP) and trifluoroethanol (TFE). For the first time, an electroconductivity so high as 0.2 S cm-1 was obtained for, obtained from a TFE:HFP 50/50 vol% solution, while maintaining fiber biocompatibility. The physicochemical mechanisms behind these changes were studied. The results suggest HFP promotes changes on PANI chains conformations through pseudo-doping, leading to the observed enhancement in electroconductivity. The consequences of such change in the nanofabrication of PCL-PANI fibers include an increase in fiber diameter (373 ± 172 nm), a decrease in contact angle (42 ± 3°) and a decrease in Young modulus (1.6 ± 0.5 MPa), making these fibers interesting candidates for neural tissue engineering. Electrical stimulation of differentiating neural stem cells was performed using AC electrical current. Positive effects on cell alignment and gene expression (DCX, MAP2) are observed. The novel optimized platform shows promising applications for (1) building in vitro platforms for drug screening, (2) interfaces for deep-brain electrodes; and (3) fully grown and functional neurons transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F F Garrudo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paiyz E Mikael
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ranodhi W Udangawa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Patrizia Paradiso
- IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Caitlyn A Chapman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Pauline Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Rogério Colaço
- IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
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Hall CM, Moeendarbary E, Sheridan GK. Mechanobiology of the brain in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:3851-3878. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M. Hall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London London UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences University of Brighton Brighton UK
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London London UK
- Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Graham K. Sheridan
- School of Life Sciences Queens Medical Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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Ryu Y, Maekawa T, Yoshino D, Sakitani N, Takashima A, Inoue T, Suzurikawa J, Toyohara J, Tago T, Makuuchi M, Fujita N, Sawada K, Murase S, Watanave M, Hirai H, Sakai T, Yoshikawa Y, Ogata T, Shinohara M, Nagao M, Sawada Y. Mechanical Regulation Underlies Effects of Exercise on Serotonin-Induced Signaling in the Prefrontal Cortex Neurons. iScience 2020; 23:100874. [PMID: 32062453 PMCID: PMC7016263 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are known to be involved in various biological processes. However, it remains unclear whether brain functions are mechanically regulated under physiological conditions. Here, we demonstrate that treadmill running and passive head motion (PHM), both of which produce mechanical impact on the head, have similar effects on the hallucinogenic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtype 2A (5-HT2A) signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rodents. PHM generates interstitial fluid movement that is estimated to exert shear stress of a few pascals on cells in the PFC. Fluid shear stress of a relevant magnitude on cultured neuronal cells induces ligand-independent internalization of 5-HT2A receptor, which is observed in mouse PFC neurons after treadmill running or PHM. Furthermore, inhibition of interstitial fluid movement by introducing polyethylene glycol hydrogel eliminates the effect of PHM on 5-HT2A receptor signaling in the PFC. Our findings indicate that neuronal cell function can be physiologically regulated by mechanical forces in the brain. Mechanical forces regulate brain functions under physiological conditions Intracerebral interstitial fluid has mechanical roles in regulating brain functions Mechanical impact on the head mediates effects of exercise on the brain Fluid shear stress physiologically modulates signaling in nervous cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Ryu
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan; Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maekawa
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshino
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Sakitani
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takashima
- Department of Assistive Technology, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Takenobu Inoue
- Department of Assistive Technology, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Suzurikawa
- Department of Assistive Technology, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Toyohara
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tago
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Michiru Makuuchi
- Section of Neuropsychology, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujita
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sawada
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Shuhei Murase
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Watanave
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toru Ogata
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Motoshi Nagao
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan; Department of Clinical Research, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan.
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12
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Extracranial versus intracranial hydro-hemodynamics during aging: a PC-MRI pilot cross-sectional study. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:1. [PMID: 31931818 PMCID: PMC6958565 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-019-0163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both aging and changes in blood flow velocity between the extracranial (intraspinal) and intracranial regions of cerebral vessels have an impact on brain hydro-hemodynamics. Arterial and venous cerebral blood flows interact with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the both the cranial and spinal systems. Studies suggest that increased blood and CSF flow pulsatility plays an important role in certain neurological diseases. Here, we investigated the changes in blood-CSF flow pulsatility in the cranial and spinal systems with age as well as the impact of the intracranial compartment on flow patterns. Method Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) was performed in 16 young and 19 elderly healthy volunteers to measure the flows of CSF and blood. CSF stroke volume (SV), blood SV, and arterial and venous pulsatility indexes (PIs) were assessed at intra- and extracranial levels in both samples. Correlations between ventricular and spinal CSF flow, and between blood and CSF flow during aging were also assessed. Results There was a significant decrease in arterial cerebral blood flow and intracranial venous cerebral blood flow with aging. We also found a significant increase of intracranial blood SV, spinal CSF SV and arterial/venous pulsatility indexes with aging. In regard to intracranial compartment impact, arterial and venous PIs decreased significantly at intracranial level in elderly volunteers, while young adults exhibited decrease in venous PI only. Intracranial venous PI was paradoxically lower than extracranial venous PI, regardless of age. In both sample groups, spinal CSF SV and aqueductal CSF SV were positively correlated, and so were extracranial blood and spinal CSF SVs. Conclusion The study demonstrates that aging changes blood flow but preserves blood and CSF interactions. We also showed that many parameters related to blood and CSF flows differ between young and elderly adults.
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Tang KS. The cellular and molecular processes associated with scopolamine-induced memory deficit: A model of Alzheimer's biomarkers. Life Sci 2019; 233:116695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Garrudo FF, Chapman CA, Hoffman PR, Udangawa RW, Silva JC, Mikael PE, Rodrigues CA, Cabral JM, Morgado JM, Ferreira FC, Linhardt RJ. Polyaniline-polycaprolactone blended nanofibers for neural cell culture. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Zebrafish: an emerging real-time model system to study Alzheimer's disease and neurospecific drug discovery. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:45. [PMID: 30302279 PMCID: PMC6170431 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as an increasingly successful model for translational research on human neurological disorders. In this review, we appraise the high degree of neurological and behavioural resemblance of zebrafish with humans. It is highly validated as a powerful vertebrate model for investigating human neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroanatomic and neurochemical pathways of zebrafish brain exhibit a profound resemblance with the human brain. Physiological, emotional and social behavioural pattern similarities between them have also been well established. Interestingly, zebrafish models have been used successfully to simulate the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as Tauopathy. Their relatively simple nervous system and the optical transparency of the embryos permit real-time neurological imaging. Here, we further elaborate on the use of recent real-time imaging techniques to obtain vital insights into the neurodegeneration that occurs in AD. Zebrafish is adeptly suitable for Ca2+ imaging, which provides a better understanding of neuronal activity and axonal dystrophy in a non-invasive manner. Three-dimensional imaging in zebrafish is a rapidly evolving technique, which allows the visualisation of the whole organism for an elaborate in vivo functional and neurophysiological analysis in disease condition. Suitability to high-throughput screening and similarity with humans makes zebrafish an excellent model for screening neurospecific compounds. Thus, the zebrafish model can be pivotal in bridging the gap from the bench to the bedside. This fish is becoming an increasingly successful model to understand AD with further scope for investigation in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, which promises exciting research opportunities in the future.
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Schwartz L, Lafitte O, da Veiga Moreira J. Toward a Reasoned Classification of Diseases Using Physico-Chemical Based Phenotypes. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29541031 PMCID: PMC5835834 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diseases and health conditions have been classified according to anatomical site, etiological, and clinical criteria. Physico-chemical mechanisms underlying the biology of diseases, such as the flow of energy through cells and tissues, have been often overlooked in classification systems. Objective: We propose a conceptual framework toward the development of an energy-oriented classification of diseases, based on the principles of physical chemistry. Methods: A review of literature on the physical chemistry of biological interactions in a number of diseases is traced from the point of view of the fluid and solid mechanics, electricity, and chemistry. Results: We found consistent evidence in literature of decreased and/or increased physical and chemical forces intertwined with biological processes of numerous diseases, which allowed the identification of mechanical, electric and chemical phenotypes of diseases. Discussion: Biological mechanisms of diseases need to be evaluated and integrated into more comprehensive theories that should account with principles of physics and chemistry. A hypothetical model is proposed relating the natural history of diseases to mechanical stress, electric field, and chemical equilibria (ATP) changes. The present perspective toward an innovative disease classification may improve drug-repurposing strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Lafitte
- LAGA, UMR 7539, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Villetaneuse, France
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17
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Guo L, Vardakis JC, Lassila T, Mitolo M, Ravikumar N, Chou D, Lange M, Sarrami-Foroushani A, Tully BJ, Taylor ZA, Varma S, Venneri A, Frangi AF, Ventikos Y. Subject-specific multi-poroelastic model for exploring the risk factors associated with the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Interface Focus 2017; 8:20170019. [PMID: 29285346 PMCID: PMC5740222 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence suggesting that Alzheimer's disease is a vascular disorder, caused by impaired cerebral perfusion, which may be promoted by cardiovascular risk factors that are strongly influenced by lifestyle. In order to develop an understanding of the exact nature of such a hypothesis, a biomechanical understanding of the influence of lifestyle factors is pursued. An extended poroelastic model of perfused parenchymal tissue coupled with separate workflows concerning subject-specific meshes, permeability tensor maps and cerebral blood flow variability is used. The subject-specific datasets used in the modelling of this paper were collected as part of prospective data collection. Two cases were simulated involving male, non-smokers (control and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) case) during two states of activity (high and low). Results showed a marginally reduced clearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/interstitial fluid (ISF), elevated parenchymal tissue displacement and CSF/ISF accumulation and drainage in the MCI case. The peak perfusion remained at 8 mm s−1 between the two cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - John C Vardakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Toni Lassila
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Nishant Ravikumar
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dean Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthias Lange
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ali Sarrami-Foroushani
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Brett J Tully
- Children's Medical Research Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Zeike A Taylor
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Susheel Varma
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Annalena Venneri
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alejandro F Frangi
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yiannis Ventikos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Levy Nogueira M, da Veiga Moreira J, Baronzio GF, Dubois B, Steyaert JM, Schwartz L. Mechanical Stress as the Common Denominator between Chronic Inflammation, Cancer, and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Oncol 2015; 5:197. [PMID: 26442209 PMCID: PMC4585184 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of common diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer, are currently poorly understood. Inflammation is a common risk factor for cancer and AD. Recent data, provided by our group and from others, demonstrate that increased pressure and inflammation are synonymous. There is a continuous increase in pressure from inflammation to fibrosis and then cancer. This is in line with the numerous papers reporting high interstitial pressure in cancer. But most authors focus on the role of pressure in the lack of delivery of chemotherapy in the center of the tumor. Pressure may also be a key factor in carcinogenesis. Increased pressure is responsible for oncogene activation and cytokine secretion. Accumulation of mechanical stress plays a key role in the development of diseases of old age, such as cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, and osteoarthritis. Growing evidence suggest also a possible link between mechanical stress in the pathogenesis of AD. The aim of this review is to describe environmental and endogenous mechanical factors possibly playing a pivotal role in the mechanism of chronic inflammation, AD, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Levy Nogueira
- Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP , Paris , France ; Institut des Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris (IHU-A-ICM), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM) , Paris , France ; UMR 7161, Laboratoire d'informatique (LIX), Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay , Palaiseau , France
| | - Jorgelindo da Veiga Moreira
- UMR 7161, Laboratoire d'informatique (LIX), Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay , Palaiseau , France
| | | | - Bruno Dubois
- Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP , Paris , France ; Institut des Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris (IHU-A-ICM), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM) , Paris , France ; UMR-S975, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM) , Paris , France
| | - Jean-Marc Steyaert
- UMR 7161, Laboratoire d'informatique (LIX), Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay , Palaiseau , France
| | - Laurent Schwartz
- UMR 7161, Laboratoire d'informatique (LIX), Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay , Palaiseau , France
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