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Krumpolec P, Vallova S, Slobodova L, Tirpakova V, Vajda M, Schon M, Klepochova R, Janakova Z, Straka I, Sutovsky S, Turcani P, Cvecka J, Valkovic L, Tsai CL, Krssak M, Valkovic P, Sedliak M, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J. Aerobic-Strength Exercise Improves Metabolism and Clinical State in Parkinson's Disease Patients. Front Neurol 2017; 8:698. [PMID: 29312123 PMCID: PMC5743754 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise ameliorates motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we aimed to provide evidence that exercise brings additional benefits to the whole-body metabolism and skeletal muscle molecular and functional characteristics, which might help to explain exercise-induced improvements in the clinical state. 3-months supervised endurance/strength training was performed in early/mid-stage PD patients and age/gender-matched individuals (n = 11/11). The effects of exercise on resting energy expenditure (REE), glucose metabolism, adiposity, and muscle energy metabolism (31P-MRS) were evaluated and compared to non-exercising PD patients. Two muscle biopsies were taken to determine intervention-induced changes in fiber type, mitochondrial content, and expression of genes related to muscle energy metabolism, as well as proliferative and regenerative capacity. Exercise improved the clinical disability score (MDS-UPDRS), bradykinesia, balance, walking speed, REE, and glucose metabolism and increased muscle expression of energy sensors (AMPK). However, the exercise-induced increase in muscle mass/strength, mitochondrial content, type II fiber size, and postexercise phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery (31P-MRS) were found only in controls. Nevertheless, MDS-UPDRS was associated with muscle AMPK and mechano-growth factor (MGF) expression. Improvements in fasting glycemia were positively associated with muscle function and the expression of Sirt1 and Cox7a1, and the parameters of fitness/strength were positively associated with the expression of MyHC2, MyHC7, and MGF. Moreover, reduced bradykinesia was associated with better muscle metabolism (maximal oxidative capacity and postexercise PCr recovery; 31P-MRS). Exercise training improved the clinical state in early/mid-stage Parkinson’s disease patients, including motor functions and whole-body metabolism. Although the adaptive response to exercise in PD was different from that of controls, exercise-induced improvements in the PD clinical state were associated with specific adaptive changes in muscle functional, metabolic, and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Krumpolec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Vallova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slobodova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Tirpakova
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Physical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Vajda
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Schon
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Klepochova
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzana Janakova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Straka
- 2nd Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Sutovsky
- 1st Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Turcani
- 1st Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Cvecka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Valkovic
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Krssak
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valkovic
- 2nd Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Effects of Physical Activity Programs on the Improvement of Dementia Symptom: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2920146. [PMID: 27819000 PMCID: PMC5081454 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2920146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To confirm that physical activity program improves the symptoms of dementia and the most effective physical activity was selected to help establish exercise programs. Methods. Three databases, PubMed, Science Direct, and Willey online, were used to collect articles. The databases were published between January 2005 and December 2015. Keywords such as “dementia,” and “physical activity” were used in searching for papers. As a result, nine studies were selected in the second screening of the meta-analyses. Results. The improvement in the dementia symptom of physical capacity was 1.05 (high effect size, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.73), ability of activity of daily living was 0.73 (slightly high effect size, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.23), cognitive function was 0.46 (medium effect size, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.66), and psychological state was 0.39 (lower than the medium effect size, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.77). Conclusion. The physical activity for patients with dementia had an effect on the improvement of physical capacity and combined exercise was the most effective physical activity.
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