Familial risk in gallbladder cancer

Survival analysis of patients with primary gallbladder cancer from 2010 to 2015: A retrospective study based on SEER data

This study aims to assess the survival status of patients with Primary gallbladder cancer (PGC) and analyze the prognosis factors to facilitate the exploration of the prevention and therapeutic strategies of PGC.Data from 2433 PGC patients collected from 2010 to 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The SEER*Stat, SPSS 23.0 and GraphPad Prism 8 were used for statistical analyses. Kaplan Meier analysis was performed for the survival curve, log-rank test analyses were used to compare the survival rate difference and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the prognosis factors.A total of 2433 PGC cases were reported from 2010 to 2015. The median age was 64.2 ± 10.4 years old and the percentages of the white patients were 73.7% (1794/2433). The percentage of patients who received surgery treatment was 82.1% (1998/2433). The overall median survival time of all patients was 19 months and the 5-year survival rate was 28.8%. The 5-year survival rate of PGC patients in pN2 stage dropped to 0% and the 5-year survival rate for PGC patients with distant metastasis was only 2.7%. Age, tumor size, grade, pT stage, pM stage were risk factors for prognosis, surgery or not and radiation or not were protective factors for prognosis.Survival analysis of PGC patients based on the SEER database have provided an opportunity for understanding PGC prognosis and the basis for the exploration of viable PGC prevention and therapeutic strategies.

Potential biomarkers in gallbladder cancer: present status and future directions

CONTEXT

Carcinoma of the gallbladder (GBC) is the most common biliary tree cancer in the world. Beside gallstones, no specific risk factors for GBC are currently established. Several published studies have identified various prognostic gene expression markers in GBC.

OBJECTIVE

The present article reviewed published studies on gene expression biomarkers and gallbladder cancer susceptibility.

METHODS

We searched the PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases using the search terms "Gallbladder", "cancer/carcinoma", "expression", "genes", "proteins", and "biomarker" updated until June 2012 and limited to English language papers. The online searching was accompanied by checking reference lists from the identified articles for potentially eligible original reports.

RESULTS

Potential GBC biomarkers identified by different studies were summarized.

CONCLUSION

To infer, the present article highlights a few potential biomarkers in GBC. However, none of the markers identified so far are effective as a routine screening test in GBC.

Candidate gene studies in gallbladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most frequent biliary tract malignancy. Wide variations in GBC incidence and familial and epidemiological data suggest involvement of a genetic component in its etiopathogenesis. A systematic review of genetic association studies in GBC was performed by applying a meta-analysis approach and systematically reviewing PubMed database using appropriate terms. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were appropriately derived for each gene-disease association using fixed and random effect models. Meta-regression with population size and genotyping method was also performed. Study quality was assessed using a 10-point scoring system designed from published guidelines. Following a review of 44 published manuscripts and one unpublished report, 80 candidate gene variants and 173 polymorphisms were analyzed among 1046 cases and 2310 controls. Majority of studies were of intermediate quality. Four polymorphisms with >3 separate studies were included in the meta-analysis [OGG1 (rs1052133), TP53 (rs1042522), CYP1A1 (rs1048943) and GSTM1 null polymorphism]. The meta-analysis demonstrated no significant associations of any of the above polymorphisms with GBC susceptibility except TP53 (rs1042522) polymorphism. To conclude, existing candidate gene studies in GBC susceptibility have so far been insufficient to confirm any association. Future research should focus on a more comprehensive approach utilizing potential gene-gene, gene-environment interactions and high-risk haplotypes.