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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ning C, Dai K, Zheng G, Liu C, Shen C. Mushroom-mimetic 3D hierarchical architecture-based e-skin with high sensitivity and a wide sensing range for intelligent perception. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5666-5676. [PMID: 37767809 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) is one of the most important components of future wearable electronic devices, whose sensing performances can be improved by constructing micropatterns on its sensitive layer. However, in traditional e-skins it is difficult to balance sensitivity and the pressure sensing range, and most micropatterns are generally prepared by some complex technologies. Herein, mushroom-mimetic micropatterns with 3D hierarchical architecture and an interdigital electrode are facilely prepared. The micropatterned sensitive layer is further developed through spraying carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion on the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film with mushroom-mimetic micropatterns (denoted as MMTC). Thanks to the "interlocking effect" between mushroom-mimetic micropatterns and the interdigital electrode in the as-prepared MMTC/interdigital electrode e-skin, the e-skin exhibits a high sensitivity (up to 600 kPa-1), a wide pressure sensing range (up to 150 kPa), a short response time (<20 ms) and excellent durability (15 000 cycles). The MMTC/interdigital electrode e-skin is capable of precisely monitoring health conditions via the as-acquired physiological parameters in real time. Moreover, such e-skins can be used to monitor gestures wirelessly, sense the trajectory of pressure stimuli and recognize Morse code under water. This study provides a cost-efficient, facile strategy to design e-skin for future-oriented wearable intelligent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Chuntai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Changyu Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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Zhao Y, Gao W, Dai K, Wang S, Yuan Z, Li J, Zhai W, Zheng G, Pan C, Liu C, Shen C. Bioinspired Multifunctional Photonic-Electronic Smart Skin for Ultrasensitive Health Monitoring, for Visual and Self-Powered Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102332. [PMID: 34554616 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Smart skin is highly desired to be ultrasensitive and self-powered as the medium of artificial intelligence. Here, an ultrasensitive self-powered mechanoluminescence smart skin (SPMSS) inspired by the luminescence mechanism of cephalopod skin and the ultrasensitive response of spider-slit-organ is developed. Benefitting from the unique strain-dependent microcrack structure design based on Ti3 C2 Tx (MXene)/carbon nanotube synergistic interaction, SPMSS possesses excellent strain sensing performances including ultralow detection limit (0.001% strain), ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor, GF = 3.92 × 107 ), ultrafast response time (5 ms), and superior durability and stability (>45 000 cycles). Synchronously, SPMSS exhibits tunable and highly sensitive mechanoluminescence (ML) features under stretching. A relationship between ML features, strain sensing performances, and the deformation has been established successfully. Importantly, the SPMSS demonstrates excellent properties as triboelectric nanogenerator (4 × 4 cm2 ), including ultrahigh triboelectric output (open-circuit voltage VOC = 540 V, short-circuit current ISC = 42 µA, short-circuit charge QSC = 317 nC) and power density (7.42 W m-2 ), endowing the smart skin with reliable power source supply and self-powered sensing ability. This bioinspired smart skin exhibits multifunctional applications in health monitoring, visual sensing, and self-powered sensing, showing great potential in artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Gao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zuqing Yuan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiannan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Changyu Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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Campaña CT, Costa PB. Effects of walking with hand-held weights on energy expenditure and excess postexercise oxygen consumption. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 13:641-646. [PMID: 29326895 PMCID: PMC5747198 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735100.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Walking is not only important to assist in performing daily tasks, but also to gain cardiovascular benefits. Further research on walking is needed to examine the physiological responses to improve health and reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the energy expenditure (EE) during and after walking exercise with versus without hand-held weights (HHW). Nineteen sedentary women (mean±standard deviation; age, 21±2.7 years, height, 163.1±6.3 cm; body mass, 66.6± 15.1 kg; body fat %, 30.6%± 7.43%; body mass index, 25.5± 5.7 kg/m2) volunteered walking with versus without 1.36 kg of HHW in two randomized sessions. The study consisted of 30 min of exercise followed b silent sitting for 30 min. The range of motion was set at elbow flexion at 90° while arms were alternated 30.48 cm forward and backward. 1% incline was set for the treadmill grade and speed was controlled to a moderate level of 40%–59% of heart rate reserve. During the 30-min exercise no significant differences were found between the conditions (P> 0.05). The physiological responses were significantly greater directly after exercise compared with baseline as determined from pairwise comparisons collapsed across conditions (P≤ 0.05). Walking with HHW was not substantial enough to raise EE beyond normal walking and led to an increased effort level. Additionally, the moderate intensity of walking was not enough to sustain EE at a surpassing level directly after the exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine T Campaña
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University - Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Pablo B Costa
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University - Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
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Wang CY, Yen SF, Chang SC, Chiu YH, Kuo CC, Wu CE. Implementation of laser acupuncture with lifting-thrusting through the use of mechanically immobile components. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:E129-E135. [PMID: 26479642 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.00e129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lifting and thrusting constitute an important manipulation method in traditional Chinese acupuncture. Lifting and thrusting enables the implementation of various features, such as reinforcement and reduction, which enhance acupuncture effectiveness. Laser acupuncture stimulates acupoints through laser light, which is a noninvasive treatment, but can still achieve effects similar to those obtained from traditional acupuncture. Lifting and thrusting can be achieved by moving the laser focal point back and forth, thus concentrating the energy, as does the tip of the acupuncture needle when it is moved upward and downward in the acupoint. This article presents a novel optical design of a laser acupuncture device, in which a focus-tunable lens is used to move the position of the focused light in order to achieve the lifting and thrusting mechanism through programmable changes to the control current of the focus-tunable lens. The device employs an infrared laser with a wavelength of 808 nm and a maximum power of 150 mW. The focus-tunable lens used in this study had a diopter of -10 to +5. The results revealed that by controlling the lens diopter, the focused light can be moved from 4.5 to 9.5 cm. Therefore, the range of the lift and thrust for the laser acupuncture device was 5 cm. The area of the focal point was approximately 6×10(-3) mm2, which is comparable to that of the commonly used traditional acupuncture needle tip. Because the components are immobile, no additional space is required for the moving lens. Therefore, the size of the laser acupuncture head can be minimized, and the effectiveness of focus tuning can be improved.
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Grillo CM, Canales GDLT, Wada RS, Alves MC, Barbosa CMR, Berzin F, de Sousa MDLR. Could Acupuncture Be Useful in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Dysfunction? J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2014; 8:192-9. [PMID: 26276455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of acupuncture in comparison with flat occlusal plane appliance were evaluated in patient with myogenic temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). The sample consisted of 40 women with TMD and unbalanced energy predominance of Yang Liver Ascension, selected using the Renying and Cunkou pulses, randomly divided into two groups: acupuncture and splint. The effect of treatments on the masseter and anterior temporal muscles was evaluated after 4 weeks of treatment, by means of electromyographic activity (root mean square) and pain pressure threshold. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale, and range of mouth opening was evaluated using a millimeter ruler. All evaluations were performed at the beginning and end of the treatment. Visual analog scale score was reduced equally in the two groups (p < 0001), and the increase in range of mouth opening was significant in both groups. A significant difference was detected only in pain pressure threshold of the left masseter in the acupuncture group (p < 0.05). Only root mean square in the at rest position of the right temporal muscle diminished in the final stage of the splint group (p < 0.05). Both treatments reduced the pain intensity of myogenic TMD in the short term and may be considered strategies for control of chronic pain related to TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Maria Grillo
- Department Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | - Ronaldo Seichi Wada
- Department Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Corrêa Alves
- Superior School of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fausto Berzin
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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