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Xia Q, Kuang X, Meng W, Yin F, Ma C, Yang Y. The Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 in the Stress-Induced Alteration of Visual Properties in Primary Visual Cortex: Insights from the Single Prolonged Stress Model. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:1012-1016. [PMID: 38564050 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Xia
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xi Kuang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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Adams RS, Forster JE, Gradus JL, Hoffmire CA, Hostetter TA, Larson MJ, Smith AA, Walsh CG, Brenner LA. Divergent trends in accidental deaths since return from an Afghanistan/Iraq deployment among army soldiers. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 91:23-29. [PMID: 38185289 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accidental death is a leading cause of mortality among military members and Veterans; however, knowledge is limited regarding time-dependent risk following deployment and if there are differences by type of accidental death. METHODS Longitudinal cohort study (N = 860,930) of soldiers returning from Afghanistan/Iraq deployments in fiscal years 2008-2014. Accidental deaths (i.e., motor vehicle accidents [MVA], accidental overdose, other accidental deaths), were identified through 2018. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates, rate ratios, time-dependent hazard rates and trends postdeployment were compared across demographic and military characteristics. RESULTS During the postdeployment observation period, over one-third of deaths were accidental; most were MVA (46.0 %) or overdoses (37.9 %). Across accidental mortality categories (all, MVA, overdose), younger soldiers (18-24, 25-29) were at higher risk compared to older soldiers (40+), and females at lower risk than males. MVA death rates were highest immediately postdeployment, with a significant decreasing hazard rate over time (annual percent change [APC]: -6.5 %). Conversely, accidental overdose death rates were lowest immediately following deployment, with a significant increasing hazard rate over time (APC: 9.9 %). CONCLUSIONS Observed divergent trends in risk for the most common types of accidental deaths provide essential information to inform prevention and intervention planning for the immediate postdeployment transition and long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sayko Adams
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston, MA, USA; Brandeis University, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Institute for Behavioral Health, Waltham, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Jeri E Forster
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jaimie L Gradus
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire A Hoffmire
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Trisha A Hostetter
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mary Jo Larson
- Brandeis University, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Institute for Behavioral Health, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra A Smith
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Colin G Walsh
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Medicine, and Psychiatry, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Pk Bernstein J, Milberg WP, McGlinchey RE, Fortier CB. Associations between Post-Traumatic stress disorder symptoms and automobile driving behaviors: A review of the literature. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 170:106648. [PMID: 35367898 PMCID: PMC9022601 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Human factors are responsible for most motor vehicle accidents that occur on the road. Recent work suggests that symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are linked to reduced driving safety, yet none have provided a comprehensive review of this small, emerging literature. The present review identified twenty-two studies reporting associations between PTSD and driving behaviors. Among these, longitudinal designs (k = 3) and studies using objective driving performance measures (e.g., simulators) (k = 2) were rare. Most studies (k = 18) relied on brief screener measures of PTSD status/symptoms or a prior chart diagnosis, while few used a standardized structured interview measure to determine PTSD status (k = 4), and only a small number of studies assessed PTSD symptom clusters (k = 7). PTSD was most frequently associated with increased rates of hostile driving behaviors (e.g., cutting off others), unintentional driving errors (e.g., lapses in attention) and negative thoughts and emotions experienced behind the wheel. Findings regarding risk of motor vehicle accident and driving-related legal issues were variable, however relatively few studies (k = 5) explored these constructs. Future directions are discussed, including the need for work focused on concurrent PTSD symptom/driving-related changes, more comprehensive PTSD and driving assessment, and consideration of the contributions of comorbid traumatic brain injury history and other neurological and psychiatric conditions on driving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Pk Bernstein
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) & Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA.
| | - William P Milberg
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) & Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Regina E McGlinchey
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) & Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine B Fortier
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) & Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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