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McArthur GE, Lee E, Laycock R. Autism Traits and Cognitive Performance: Mediating Roles of Sleep Disturbance, Anxiety and Depression. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4560-4576. [PMID: 36138298 PMCID: PMC10627948 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Theories about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have addressed cognitive deficits however few have examined how comorbid diagnoses, including sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression contribute to the underlying deficits. We investigated potential mediations of common ASD comorbidities in the relationship between sub-clinical autism traits and cognitive performance using an international community sample. Cognitive tasks assessed working memory [executive functioning (EF) theory], mental state attribution [theory of mind (ToM)], and global/local visual processing [weak central coherence (WCC) theory]. Structural equation modelling (SEM) demonstrated sleep disturbance and anxiety mediated the relationship of autism traits on measures of EF, but not WCC and ToM. This suggests that treating the symptoms of sleep disturbance and anxiety may lead to improvements in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor E McArthur
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Eunro Lee
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin Laycock
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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Wang J, Fang J, Xu Y, Zhong H, Li J, Li H, Li G. Difference analysis of multidimensional electroencephalogram characteristics between young and old patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1074587. [PMID: 36504623 PMCID: PMC9731337 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1074587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences indicate that age plays an important role in the development of mental disorders, but few studies focus on the neuro mechanisms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in different age groups. Therefore, this study attempts to reveal the neurodynamics of Young_GAD (patients with GAD under the age of 50) and Old_GAD (patients with GAD over 50 years old) through statistical analysis of multidimensional electroencephalogram (EEG) features and machine learning models. In this study, 10-min resting-state EEG data were collected from 45 Old_GAD and 33 Young_GAD. And multidimensional EEG features were extracted, including absolute power (AP), fuzzy entropy (FE), and phase-lag-index (PLI), on which comparison and analyses were performed later. The results showed that Old_GAD exhibited higher power spectral density (PSD) value and FE value in beta rhythm compared to theta, alpha1, and alpha2 rhythms, and functional connectivity (FC) also demonstrated significant reorganization of brain function in beta rhythm. In addition, the accuracy of machine learning classification between Old_GAD and Young_GAD was 99.67%, further proving the feasibility of classifying GAD patients by age. The above findings provide an objective basis in the field of EEG for the age-specific diagnosis and treatment of GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China,College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiaqi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China,College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China,College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongyang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China,College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Foreign Language, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Huayun Li
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China,*Correspondence: Gang Li,
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China,College of Mathematical Medicine, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Huayun Li,
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Wild CJ, Norton L, Menon DK, Ripsman DA, Swartz RH, Owen AM. Disentangling the cognitive, physical, and mental health sequelae of COVID-19. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100750. [PMID: 36103880 PMCID: PMC9448696 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As COVID-19 cases exceed hundreds of millions globally, many survivors face cognitive challenges and prolonged symptoms. However, important questions about the cognitive effects of COVID-19 remain unresolved. In this cross-sectional online study, 478 adult volunteers who self-reported a positive test for COVID-19 (mean = 30 days since most recent test) perform significantly worse than pre-pandemic norms on cognitive measures of processing speed, reasoning, verbal, and overall performance, but not short-term memory, suggesting domain-specific deficits. Cognitive differences are even observed in participants who did not require hospitalization. Factor analysis of health- and COVID-related questionnaires reveals two clusters of symptoms—one that varies mostly with physical symptoms and illness severity, and one with mental health. Cognitive performance is positively correlated with the global measure encompassing physical symptoms, but not the one that broadly describes mental health, suggesting that the subjective experience of “long COVID” relates to physical symptoms and cognitive deficits, especially executive dysfunction. Survivors of COVID-19 exhibit cognitive differences in specific domains Speed of processing, verbal, and reasoning are affected, but not memory function Performance in affected domains is linked to physical but not mental health These effects are observed in mild and hospitalized cases of COVID-19
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Wild
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Loretta Norton
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychology, King's University College, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - David A Ripsman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Richard H Swartz
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Naharci MI, Veizi BGY, Katipoglu B, Tasci I. Psychological Burden among Community-dwelling Older Adults with and without a History of a Recent Covid-19 Infection. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:120-129. [PMID: 34053413 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1928358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The outbreak of Covid-19's psychological burden to recovered vs. non-infected older individuals has not been compared yet. We aimed to perform a comparative analysis of psychological symptoms in community-dwelling older adults with and without a history of a Covid-19 infection. METHODS In this study, we utilized a geriatric care unit's outpatient registry to prospectively enroll older adults with and without a history of Covid-19. An interviewer administered generalized anxiety disorder-2 (GAD-2), patient health questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), six-item cognitive impairment (6-CIT), and post-traumatic stress disorder-5 (PTSD-5) tests over the phone. Correlation and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations. RESULTS The study included 120 older subjects, 46 (38.3%) reported past Covid-19 infection. Anxiety and depression were both significantly more prevalent among subjects without a history of Covid-19. Having no history of Covid-19, female gender, and psychoactive medication use showed independent associations with the risk of depression symptoms among all subjects, and female gender was additionally associated with anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the risk of depression symptoms was higher in a sample of older adults who were not infected with Covid-19 compared to those recovering from the disease. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The impact of "fear of transmission" on the mental health of the elderly may be a significant issue to deal with. Older women are more prone to mental health risks by Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ilkin Naharci
- Gulhane Faculty of Medicine & Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Gulsum Yavuz Veizi
- Gulhane Faculty of Medicine & Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilal Katipoglu
- Gulhane Faculty of Medicine & Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Division of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilker Tasci
- Gulhane Faculty of Medicine & Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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