Role of intraspecific trait plasticity in Mikania micrantha Kunth growth and impact of its abundance on community composition

In Silico Analysis of Selected Mikania Constituents As Human HMG-CoA Reductase, Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Human Squalene Synthase Inhibitory Agents

Background Numerous pharmacological activities have been reportedin Mikania species. In the present investigation, we aimed to evaluate 26 selected constituents of Mikania as potent inhibitory agents of human HMG-CoA reductase (hHMGR), human inducible nitric oxide synthase (hiNOS), and human squalene synthase (hSQS) using the in silico method. Methodology Twenty-six selected constituents of Mikania were investigated based on the docking behavior of three target enzymes, namely hHMGR, hiNOS, and hSQS, using the Cdocker method (Discovery Studio® 3.1, Accelrys, Inc., San Diego, CA). Results Docking analysis showed that methyl-3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (MCQ) has the maximum binding energy (BE) (-39.63, -50.65, and -58.56 kcal/mol) with hHMGR, hiNOS, and hSQS enzymes. On the other hand, six ligands (kaurenoic acid (KAA), stigmasterol (SS), grandifloric acid (GA), kaurenol (KA), spathlenol (SP), and taraxerol (TA)) of Mikania failed to dock with either of the target enzymes (hHMGR, hiNOS, or hSQS). Conclusions The findings of the current study provide new insight regarding 26 selected ligands of Mikania as potent inhibitory agents of hHMGR, hiNOS, and hSQS.

Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses of photosynthesis in Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski and Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski

Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski is one of the fast-growing malignant weeds in South China. It has severely influenced local biodiversity and native plant habitat. Photosynthesis is the material basis of plant growth and development. However, there are few reports on the photosynthetic transcriptome of S. trilobata. In this study, S. trilobata had a relatively large leaf area and biomass. The gas exchange parameters per unit area of leaves, including net photosynthetic capacity (P_n), intercellular CO₂ (C_i), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthetic pigment and Rubisco protein content were higher than those of the native plant Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski. On this basis, the differences in photosynthesis pathways between the two Sphagneticola species were analyzed by using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The sequencing results for S. trilobata and S. calendulacea revealed 159,366 and 177,069 unigenes, respectively. Functional annotation revealed 119,350 and 150,846 non-redundant protein database annotations (Nr), 96,637 and 115,711 Swiss-Prot annotations, 49,159 and 60,116 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotations (KEGG), and 83,712 and 97,957 Gene Ontology annotations (GO) in S. trilobata and S. calendulacea, respectively. Additionally, our analysis showed that the expression of key protease genes involved in the photosynthesis pathway, particularly CP43, CP47, PsbA and PetC, had high expression levels in leaves of S. trilobata in comparison to native species. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses suggest the high expression of photosynthetic genes ensures the high photosynthetic capacity of leaves, which is one of the inherent advantages underlying the successful invasion by S. trilobata.