1
|
Lolar S, Welch RD, Garino A. Physician Assistant Gender Differences in Research, Professional Goals, and Perceptions of Support. J Physician Assist Educ 2024; 35:94-100. [PMID: 37878608 DOI: 10.1097/jpa.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The majority of Physician assistant (PA) educators are women, yet men proportionately publish more and advance further in academic rank. This study examined if research interest, promotion goals, and perceptions of institutional support differed between PA educators with different gender identities. METHODS This is a subset analysis of a previously published cross-sectional study. PA programs were stratified by region and Carnegie classification and were sampled by a stratified random sampling method. PA faculty from selected programs were invited to participate in an anonymous survey. Data were analyzed to account for the stratified sample design. Means and proportions with associated 95% confidence intervals are described. RESULTS There was a 51% response rate (N = 110). Sixty-three percent of respondents identified as female and 36% as male. Men had a mean of 5.67 (0.17, 11.16) career research articles and women had 1.56 (0.68, 2.44) articles. Fifteen percent (3.7%, 26.3%) of men were full professor compared to 4.3% (0, 9.1%) of women. When transitioning to a faculty role, 72.5% (58.4%, 86.6%) of men and 52.9% (41%, 64.7%) of women felt supported by their institution. Both genders valued promotion, but 80% (67.6%, 92.4%) of men reported having clear 5-year goals compared to 58.8% (46.6%, 71%) of women (P = .034). CONCLUSION There was no statistical difference in publications between men and women in this study. Women felt less supported when transitioning to a faculty role compared to men. Both men and women valued promotion equally, but men reported working towards that goal more intentionally. This study found few consistent differences in the attitudes and behaviors towards scholarship between men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lolar
- Sara Lolar, MS, PA-C, is an assistant professor, Wayne State University, Physician Assistant Studies, Detroit, Michigan
- Robert D. Welch, MS, MD, is a professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Alexandria Garino, PhD, PA-C, is an associate dean for PA education, assistant professor, Yale School of Medicine, Physician Associate Program, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert D Welch
- Sara Lolar, MS, PA-C, is an assistant professor, Wayne State University, Physician Assistant Studies, Detroit, Michigan
- Robert D. Welch, MS, MD, is a professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Alexandria Garino, PhD, PA-C, is an associate dean for PA education, assistant professor, Yale School of Medicine, Physician Associate Program, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alexandria Garino
- Sara Lolar, MS, PA-C, is an assistant professor, Wayne State University, Physician Assistant Studies, Detroit, Michigan
- Robert D. Welch, MS, MD, is a professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Alexandria Garino, PhD, PA-C, is an associate dean for PA education, assistant professor, Yale School of Medicine, Physician Associate Program, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hammoudi Halat D, Safwan J, Rahal M. Gendered Experiences in Pharmacy Education Exposed Through a National Financial Collapse - A Reflection From the Lebanese Crisis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:100023. [PMID: 37380271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Women have long been drawn to pharmacy; it is often seen as a profession that allows them to balance their professional and personal responsibilities, and Lebanon is not an exception, where the majority of practicing pharmacists are women. Despite gender equality commitments and educational attainments, women are still underrepresented at high positions in the pharmacy academia. In Lebanon, the recent multidimensional economic crisis has added to and compounded existing difficulties. Women have been forced to improvise their jobs and household responsibilities, resulting in an increase in unpaid care and other household work. The aim of this commentary is to provide a critical reflection of the impact of a national financial collapse on the roles and expectations of women in academia, by highlighting the leadership, research, service, and contributions achieved by 2 women academics during these difficult times. These experiences are linked with existing literature to draw some conclusions and suggest recommendations for future research. Our experiences demonstrated that women are engines of recovery, as seen by their tenacity, resourcefulness in adversity, self-reliance, and desire to engage in proactive community activity. The multifaceted crisis in Lebanon has unlocked new demands, where hard-won accomplishments for women should be reassessed, and inquiries into gendered realities for women of academics in the field of pharmacy are necessary. Responding to the Lebanese crisis from the perspective of pharmacy education should include not just repairing disparities, but also restructuring a more robust system with women academics at its core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon.
| | - Jihan Safwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Does writing style affect gender differences in the research performance of articles?: An empirical study of BERT-based textual sentiment analysis. Scientometrics 2023; 128:2105-2143. [PMID: 37095862 PMCID: PMC9991882 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
“Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls” is essential to reduce gender disparity and improve the status of women. But it remains a challenge to narrow gender differences and improve gender equality in academic research. In this paper, we propose that the impact of articles is lower and writing style of articles is less positive when the article’s first author is female relative to male first authors, and writing style mediates this relationship. Focusing on the positive writing style, we attempt to contribute and explain the research on gender differences in research performance. We use BERT-based textual sentiment analysis to analyse 87 years of 9820 articles published in the top four marketing journals and prove our hypotheses. We also consider a set of control variables and conduct a set of robustness checks to ensure the robustness of our findings. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings for researchers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sauder M, Newsome K, Zagales I, Autrey C, Das S, Zagales R, Bilski T, Elkbuli A. Gender Distribution of First and Senior Authorship Across Most Cited Studies Within the Top Ten Surgical Journals From 2015-2020: Cementing Women Academic Surgery Representation. J Surg Res 2022; 277:7-16. [PMID: 35453056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to investigate the gender distribution of first and senior authors in the most highly cited original research studies published in the top 10 surgical journals from 2015 to 2020 to identify disparities and changes over time. METHODS A retrospective study analyzing the gender distribution of first and senior authors in the top 10 most cited studies from the top 10 surgical journals from 2015 to 2020. The genders of the first and senior authors of each study were assessed using National Provider Identifier (NPI) numbers or pronouns from institutional biographies or news articles. RESULTS The genders of 1200 first and senior authors from 600 original research studies were assessed. First author gender distribution consisted of 71.8% men, 22.3% women, 0% non-binary, and 5.8% unknown. Senior author gender distribution was 82.3% men, 14.3% women, 0% non-binary, and 3.3% unknown. Studies published by first authors who are women received more citations than those published by first authors that are men in 2015 (169.1 versus 112.9, P = 0.002) and 2016 (144.2 versus 101.5, P = 0.011). There was an increase in first authorship among men from 2015 to 2020 (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Men represent a significantly higher proportion of both first and senior authorships in top surgical research and the gap has widened from 2015 to 2020. However, studies written by women first authors received significantly more citations than those written by men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Sauder
- NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Dr Kiran.C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Kevin Newsome
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Israel Zagales
- Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE) Escuela de Medicina, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Cody Autrey
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Snigdha Das
- NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Dr Kiran.C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Ruth Zagales
- Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE) Escuela de Medicina, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Tracy Bilski
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida; Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida
| | - Adel Elkbuli
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida; Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|