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Khan MSA, Khundmiri SUK, Khundmiri SR, Al-Sanea MM, Mok PL. Fruit-Derived Polysaccharides and Terpenoids: Recent Update on the Gastroprotective Effects and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:569. [PMID: 29988459 PMCID: PMC6024987 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulceration in the stomach develops in peptic ulcer disease when there is a loss of protective mucosal layers, particularly in Helicobacter pylori infection. Antibiotic therapy has failed to eradicate and impede the colonization of H. pylori. Despite given treatment, recurrent bleeding can occur and lead to death in the affected individual. The disease progression is also related to the non-steroidal inflammatory drug and stress. There are extensive research efforts to identify the gastroprotective property from various alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins compounds from plants and marine. These natural products are believed to be safe for consumption. However, not much attention was given to summarize the carbohydrate and terpenoidal anti-ulcer compounds. Hence, this review will cover the possible mechanisms and information about acidic hydroxylans, arabinogalactan and rhamnogalacturon; and limonene, pinene, lupeol, citral, ursolic acid and nomilin to exemplify on the gastroprotective properties of polysaccharides and terpenoid, respectively, obtained from fruits. These compounds could act as a prebiotic to prevent the inhabitation of H. pylori, modulate the inflammation, suppress gastric cancer growth, and capable of stimulating the reparative mechanisms on the affected regions. Finally, this review provides the future research prospects of these natural compounds in an effort to develop new therapy for gastrointestinal tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Safwan Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Anwarul Uloom College of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University – Hyderabad (JNTUH), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Syeda Umme Kulsoom Khundmiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Anwarul Uloom College of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University – Hyderabad (JNTUH), Hyderabad, India
| | - Syeda Rukhaiya Khundmiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Anwarul Uloom College of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University – Hyderabad (JNTUH), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Structure elucidation of an immunostimulatory arabinoxylan-type polysaccharide prepared from young barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:282-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Revisiting the structural features of arabinoxylans from brewers’ spent grain. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 139:167-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Glucuronic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana xylans carries a novel pentose substituent. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:807-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Azenha CSR, Coimbra MA, Moreira ASP, Domingues P, Domingues MRM. Differentiation of isomeric β-(1-4) hexose disaccharides by positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:548-552. [PMID: 23674279 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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da Costa EV, Moreira ASP, Nunes FM, Coimbra MA, Evtuguin DV, Domingues MRM. Differentiation of isomeric pentose disaccharides by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and discriminant analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2897-2904. [PMID: 23136020 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The structural characterization of unknown oligosaccharides remains a big challenge since a large number of isomeric structures are possible even for disaccharides. In this work, electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS/MS) was used for the differentiation of isomeric pentose disaccharides, α-(1 → 5)-L-arabinobiose (Ara(2)) and β-(1 → 4)-D-xylobiose (Xyl(2)). METHODS ESI-MS/MS spectra of [M + Li](+) and [M + Na](+) ions of Ara(2) and Xyl(2), as well as these precursor ions of (18)O-labelled disaccharides, were acquired using two mass spectrometers equipped with different analyzers: LIT (linear ion trap) and Q-TOF (quadrupole time-of-flight). RESULTS Product ions observed in MS/MS spectra arise from the cleavage at the nonreducing side of the glycosidic bond (Y(1)(+)) and from cross-ring cleavages (0,1)A(2)(+), (0,2)A(2)(+), and (0,3)A(2)(+) at the reducing residue. Statistically significant differences were observed between the relative abundance of specific product ions, when comparing both disaccharides. These differences allowed discriminant models to be built and to propose a criterion using the relative abundances of selected ions capable of discriminating between the isomers for both adduct ions and spectrometers. CONCLUSIONS Isomeric pentose disaccharides can be distinguished based on the fragmentation of both [M + Li](+) and [M + Na](+) ions and using different mass spectrometers. However, LIT instrument has a better discriminant power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete V da Costa
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Prozil SO, Costa EV, Evtuguin DV, Lopes LPC, Domingues MRM. Structural characterization of polysaccharides isolated from grape stalks of Vitis vinifera L. Carbohydr Res 2012; 356:252-9. [PMID: 22398255 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main structural polysaccharides of grape stalks are cellulose, heteroxylan, and glucan. Cellulose contributes 30.3% of grape stalk matter and has an unusually high degree of the crystallinity (75.4%). Among hemicelluloses, xylan was the most abundant one, contributing ∼12% to the weight. The heteroxylan was isolated from the corresponding peracetic holocellulose by DMSO extraction followed by precipitation in ethanol. The M(w) of heteroxylan (19.0 kDa) was assessed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and the structure was inferred by methanolysis and methylation linkage analysis, as well as 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The heteroxylan is a partially acetylated (DS=0.49) glucuronoxylan possessing the main backbone composed by β-(1→4)-linked D-xylopyranosyl units ramified with α-(1→2)-linked 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucuronosyl residues (MeGlcpA) at a molar ratio 25:1. The isolated heteroxylan contained concomitant β-glucan (ca. 15%), whose structure was elucidated by methylation linkage analysis and by NMR spectroscopy. The results obtained revealed mixed β-(1→3; 1→4)-D-glucan with a molar ratio of β-(1→3)- to β-(1→4)-linked glucopyranosyl units of 1:2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia O Prozil
- CICECO and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Feasibility of using atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with ion trap mass spectrometry in the analysis of acetylated xylooligosaccharides derived from hardwoods and Arabidopsis thaliana. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2995-3009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Aachary AA, Prapulla SG. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) as an Emerging Prebiotic: Microbial Synthesis, Utilization, Structural Characterization, Bioactive Properties, and Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Simões J, Nunes FM, Domingues MDRM, Coimbra MA. Structural features of partially acetylated coffee galactomannans presenting immunostimulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gonçalves VM, Evtuguin DV, Domingues MRM. Structural characterization of the acetylated heteroxylan from the natural hybrid Paulownia elongata/Paulownia fortunei. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:256-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Matamoros Fernández LE. Introduction to ion trap mass spectrometry: Application to the structural characterization of plant oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nunes FM, Reis A, Domingues MRM, Coimbra MA. Characterization of galactomannan derivatives in roasted coffee beverages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:3428-39. [PMID: 16637704 DOI: 10.1021/jf052971+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the galactomannans from roasted coffee infusions were purified by 50% ethanol precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, and phenylboronic acid-immobilized Sepharose chromatography. Specific enzymatic hydrolysis of the beta-(1-->4)-D-mannan backbone allowed us to conclude that the galactomannans of roasted coffee infusions are high molecular weight supports of low molecular weight brown compounds. Also, the molecular weight of the brown compounds linked to the galactomannan increases with the increase of the coffee degree of roast. The reaction pathways of galactomannans during the coffee roasting process were inferred from the detection of specific chemical markers by gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry and/or electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Maillard reaction, caramelization, isomerization, oxidation, and decarboxylation pathways were identified by detection of Amadori compounds, 1,6-beta-anhydromannose, fructose, glucose, mannonic acid, 2-ketogluconic acid, and arabinonic acid in the reducing end of the obtained oligosaccharides. The implication of the several competitive reaction pathways is discussed and related to the structural changes of the galactomannans present in the roasted coffee infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M Nunes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Pinto PC, Evtuguin DV, Neto CP. Effect of Structural Features of Wood Biopolymers on Hardwood Pulping and Bleaching Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie050760o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reis A, Pinto P, Evtuguin DV, Neto CP, Domingues P, Ferrer-Correia AJ, Domingues MRM. Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of underivatised acetylated xylo-oligosaccharides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:3589-99. [PMID: 16276485 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetylated neutral (Xyl(n)Ac(m)) and acidic xylo-oligosaccharides (Xyl(n)Ac(m)MeGlcA, and Xyl(n)Ac(m)MeGlcAHex) obtained by partial acid hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood glucuronoxylans and fractionated by preparative ligand exchange/size-exclusion chromatography were identified by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Low molecular weight acetylated xylo-oligosaccharides were studied by ESI-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). All the acetylated xylo-oligosaccharides showed an abundant ion due to the neutral loss of 60 Da (CH(3)CO(2)H) in the MS/MS spectra. The presence of diacetylated xylo-oligosaccharides was confirmed by the ions formed by loss of two molecules of acetic acid. Furthermore, characteristic [Xyl(res)Ac(2)+Na](+) and [XylAc(2)+Na](+) ions, and ions due to loss of XylAc(2), indicate that both acetyl groups are located in the same Xyl residue. On the other hand, losses of Xyl(res)Ac and XylAc are also observed as well as [Xyl(res)Ac+Na](+) and [XylAc+Na](+) , indicating the location of both acetyl groups in different Xyl residues, in some cases even in adjacent xyloses. The MS/MS spectra of triacetylated xylo-oligosaccharides were complex due to the presence of different isobaric xylo-oligosaccharides containing the acetyl groups at different locations in the xylo-oligosaccharide backbone. In the MS/MS spectra of acidic xylo-oligosaccharides, the ion at m/z 387, [Xyl(res)AcMeGlcA+Na](+), indicates that the acetyl groups are preferentially linked to Xyl substituted with MeGlcA. However, acidic xylo-oligosaccharides with the acetyl and 4-O-methylglucuronic acid groups in different Xyl residues were also identified. In neutral and in acidic xylo-oligosaccharides several possible locations of the acetyl groups were identified, namely at terminal positions. In summary, ESI-MS/MS is shown to be a powerful tool for the characterisation of acetylated patterns in complex mixtures of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Kovácik V, Bekesová S, Tvaroska I, Hirsch J, Chmelík J. Electrospray ionization ion-trap multistage mass spectrometric study of sodium cationized aldobiuronic and pseudoaldobiuronic acid derivatives. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2004; 39:1554-1561. [PMID: 15578757 DOI: 10.1002/jms.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fragmentation mechanisms of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry of aldobiuronic and pseudoaldobiuronic acid derivatives were elucidated by multistage mass spectrometric (MS(n), n = 2-5) measurements of selected ions. Characteristic under the conditions of ESI-MS analysis is the production of alkali metal (Na and K) cationized adducts. The probability the of locations of Na cations in per-O-methylated compounds was proved by quantum chemical calculations, using the Jaguar program. The most probably position of alkali metal attachment is the carboxy group of the methoxycarbonyl C-5 group of the uronic acid unit. Characteristic cleavages vary according the kind of O-derivatization. In most cases they take place on the acidic part of the dimer and at the interglycosidic oxygen atom. As a result, the criteria for the differentiation of aldobiouronic and pseudoaldobiouronic acids derivatives were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Kovácik
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84258 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2004; 15:415-422. [PMID: 15595457 DOI: 10.1002/pca.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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