1
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Greisch JF, van der Laarse SA, Heck AJ. Enhancing Top-Down Analysis Using Chromophore-Assisted Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation from (Phospho)peptides to Protein Assemblies. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15506-15516. [PMID: 33180479 PMCID: PMC7711774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) has been used in mass spectrometry to fragment peptides and proteins, providing fragments mostly similar to collisional activation. Using the 10.6 μm wavelength of a CO2 laser, IRMPD suffers from the relative low absorption cross-section of peptides and small proteins. Focusing on top-down analysis, we investigate different means to tackle this issue. We first reassess efficient sorting of phosphopeptides from nonphosphopeptides based on IR-absorption cross-sectional enhancement by phosphate moieties. We subsequently demonstrate that a myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) noncovalent adduct can substantially enhance IRMPD for nonphosphopeptides and that this strategy can be extended to proteins. As a natural next step, we show that native phospho-proteoforms of proteins display a distinct and enhanced fragmentation, compared to their unmodified counterparts, facilitating phospho-group site localization. We then evaluate the impact of size on the IRMPD of proteins and their complexes. When applied to protein complexes ranging from a 365 kDa CRISPR-Cas Csy ribonucleoprotein hetero-decamer, a 800 kDa GroEL homo-tetradecamer in its apo-form or loaded with its ATP cofactor, to a 1 MDa capsid-like homo-hexacontamer, we conclude that while phosphate moieties present in crRNA and ATP molecules enhance IRMPD, an increase in the IR cross-section with the size of the protein assembly also favorably accrues dissociation yields. Overall, our work showcases the versatility of IRMPD in the top-down analysis of peptides, phosphopeptides, proteins, phosphoproteins, ribonucleoprotein assemblies, and large protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Greisch
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saar A.M. van der Laarse
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J.R. Heck
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands
Proteomics Center, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Girod M. Increasing specificity of tandem mass spectrometry by laser-induced dissociation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33 Suppl 3:64-71. [PMID: 29689642 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry offers an arsenal of tools for diverse proteomic investigations. This perspective article reviews some of the recent developments in the field of coupling laser-induced dissociation with mass spectrometry (LID-MS). Strategies involving labelling with a chromophore to induce specific photo-absorption properties are considered, with a focus on specific amino acid derivatization. Some of the opportunities and challenges of LID-MS after targeted labelling for increasing specificity in complex sample analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Girod
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
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3
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Lermyte F, Tsybin YO, O'Connor PB, Loo JA. Top or Middle? Up or Down? Toward a Standard Lexicon for Protein Top-Down and Allied Mass Spectrometry Approaches. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1149-1157. [PMID: 31073892 PMCID: PMC6591204 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in top-down mass spectrometry (TDMS) approaches for protein analysis, driven both by technological advancements and efforts such as those by the multinational Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics (CTDP). Today, diverse sample preparation and ionization methods are employed to facilitate TDMS analysis of denatured and native proteins and their complexes. The goals of these studies vary, ranging from protein and proteoform identification, to determination of the binding site of a (non)covalently-bound ligand, and in some cases even with the aim to study the higher order structure of proteins and complexes. Currently, however, no widely accepted terminology exists to precisely and unambiguously distinguish between the different types of TDMS experiments that can be performed. Instead, ad hoc developed terminology is often used, which potentially complicates communication of top-down and allied methods and their results. In this communication, we consider the different types of top-down (or top-down-related) MS experiments that have been performed and reported, and define distinct categories based on the protocol used and type(s) of information that can be obtained. We also consider the different possible conventions for distinguishing between middle- and top-down MS, based on both sample preparation and precursor ion mass. We believe that the proposed framework presented here will prove helpful for researchers to communicate about TDMS and will be an important step toward harmonizing and standardizing this growing field. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Lermyte
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Yury O Tsybin
- Spectroswiss, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, and UCLA/DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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McNary CP, Nei YW, Maitre P, Rodgers MT, Armentrout PB. Infrared multiple photon dissociation action spectroscopy of protonated glycine, histidine, lysine, and arginine complexed with 18-crown-6 ether. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12625-12639. [PMID: 31155616 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) with four protonated amino acids (AAs) are examined using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectroscopy utilizing light generated by the infrared free electron laser at the Centre Laser Infrarouge d'Orsay (CLIO). The AAs examined in this work include glycine (Gly) and the three basic AAs: histidine (His), lysine (Lys), and arginine (Arg). To identify the (AA)H+(18C6) conformations present in the experimental studies, the measured IRMPD spectra are compared to spectra calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. Relative energies of various conformers and isomers are provided by single point energy calculations carried out at the B3LYP, B3P86, M06, and MP2(full) levels using the 6-311+G(2p,2d) basis set. The comparisons between the IRMPD and theoretical IR spectra indicate that 18C6 binds to Gly and His via the protonated backbone amino group, whereas protonated Lys prefers binding via the protonated side-chain amino group. Results for Arg are less definitive with strong evidence for binding to the protonated guanidino side chain (the calculated ground conformer at most levels of theory), but contributions from backbone binding to a zwitterionic structure are likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P McNary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
| | - Y-W Nei
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Philippe Maitre
- Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Bâtiment 350, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M T Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - P B Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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5
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Stedwell CN, Galindo JF, Gulyuz K, Roitberg AE, Polfer NC. Crown Complexation of Protonated Amino Acids: Influence on IRMPD Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:1181-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305263b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey N. Stedwell
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Chemical Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, P.O. Box 117200, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
| | - Johan F. Galindo
- Department of Chemistry
and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, P.O. Box 118435, Florida 32611-8435,
United States
| | - Kerim Gulyuz
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Chemical Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, P.O. Box 117200, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
| | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry
and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, P.O. Box 118435, Florida 32611-8435,
United States
| | - Nicolas C. Polfer
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Chemical Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, P.O. Box 117200, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
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6
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Chen Y, Rodgers MT. Re-Evaluation of the Proton Affinity of 18-Crown-6 Using Competitive Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Techniques. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7570-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301804j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - M. T. Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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7
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Chen Y, Rodgers MT. Structural and Energetic Effects in the Molecular Recognition of Amino Acids by 18-Crown-6. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5863-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ja211021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - M. T. Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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8
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Kelly O, Calvert CR, Greenwood JB, Zettergren H, Nielsen SB, Wyer JA. Effects of charge location on the absorptions and lifetimes of protonated tyrosine peptides in vacuo. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1701-9. [PMID: 22268622 DOI: 10.1021/jp208578w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nearby charges affect the electronic energy levels of chromophores, with the extent of the effect being determined by the magnitude of the charge and degree of charge-chromophore separation. The molecular configuration dictates the charge-chromophore distance. Hence, in this study, we aim to assess how the location of the charge influences the absorption of a set of model protonated and diprotonated peptide ions, and whether spectral differences are large enough to be identified. The studied ions were the dipeptide YK, the tripeptide KYK (Y = tyrosine; K = lysine) and their complexes with 18-crown-6-ether (CE). The CE targets the ammonium group by forming internal ionic hydrogen bonds and limits the folding of the peptide. In the tripeptide, the distance between the chromophore and the backbone ammonium is enlarged relative to that in the dipeptide. Experiments were performed in an electrostatic ion storage ring using a tunable laser system, and action spectra based on lifetime measurements were obtained in the range from 210 to 310 nm. The spectra are all quite similar though there seems to be some changes in the absorption band between 210 and 250 nm, while in the lower energy band all ions had a maximum absorption at ~275 nm. Lifetimes after photoexcitation were found to shorten upon protonation and lengthen upon CE complexation, in accordance with the increased number of degrees of freedom and an increase in activation energies for dissociation as the mobile proton model is no longer operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Kelly
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
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9
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Chen Y, Rodgers MT. Structural and Energetic Effects in the Molecular Recognition of Protonated Peptidomimetic Bases by 18-Crown-6. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2313-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - M. T. Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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10
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Kalcic CL, Reid GE, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Mechanism elucidation for nonstochastic femtosecond laser-induced ionization/dissociation: from amino acids to peptides. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:2764-74. [PMID: 22141398 DOI: 10.1021/jp208421d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser-induced ionization/dissociation (fs-LID) has been demonstrated as a novel ion activation method for use in tandem mass spectrometry. The technique opens the door to unique structural information about biomolecular samples that is not easily accessed by traditional means. fs-LID is able to cleave strong bonds while keeping weaker bonds intact. This feature has been found to be particularly useful for the mapping of post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, which is difficult to achieve by conventional proteomic studies. Here we investigate the laser-ion interaction on a fundamental level through the characterization of fs-LID spectra for the protonated amino acids and two series of derivatized samples. The findings are used to better understand the fs-LID spectra of synthetic peptides. This is accomplished by exploring the effects of several single-residue substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Kalcic
- Departments of Chemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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11
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Ko BJ, Brodbelt JS. Ultraviolet photodissociation of carboxylate-derivatized peptides in a quadrupole ion trap. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:49-56. [PMID: 21472543 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-010-0016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation patterns obtained by ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer were compared for peptides modified at their C-termini and at acidic amino acids. Attachment of Alexa Fluor 350 or 7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin chromophores at the C-terminal and acidic residues enhances the UV absorptivity of the peptides and all fragment ions that retain the chromophore, such as the y ions that contain the chromophore-modified C-terminus. Whereas CID results in the formation of the typical array of mainly y-type and a/b-type fragment ions, UVPD produces predominantly a/b-type ions with greatly reduced abundances of y ions. Immonium ions, mostly ones from aromatic or basic amino acids, are also observed in the low m/z range upon UVPD. UVPD of peptides containing two chromophore moieties (with one at the C-terminus and another at an acidic residue) results in even more efficient photodissociation at the expense of the annihilation of almost all diagnostic b and y ions containing the chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Joon Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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12
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Zhang L, Reilly JP. De novo sequencing of tryptic peptides derived from Deinococcus radiodurans ribosomal proteins using 157 nm photodissociation MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:3025-34. [PMID: 20377247 DOI: 10.1021/pr901206j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of peptide ions in a matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) tandem time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer is used to characterize peptide mixtures derived from Deinococcus radiodurans ribosomal proteins. Tryptic peptides from 52 proteins were separated by reverse-phase liquid chromatography and spotted onto a MALDI plate. From 192 sample spots, 492 peptide ions were isolated, fragmented by both photodissociation and postsource decay (PSD), and then de novo sequenced. Three-hundred seventy-two peptides yielded sequences with 5 or more amino acids. Homology searches of these sequences against the whole bacterial proteome identified 49 ribosomal proteins, 45 of which matched with two or more peptides. Peptide de novo sequencing identified slightly more proteins than conventional database searches using Mascot and was particularly advantageous in identifying unexpected peptide modifications. In the present analysis, 52 peptide modifications were identified by de novo sequencing, most of which were not recognized by database searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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13
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Zhang L, Reilly JP. Peptide photodissociation with 157 nm light in a commercial tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7829-38. [PMID: 19702244 DOI: 10.1021/ac9012557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation with 157 nm light was implemented in an ABI model 4700 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) tandem time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer for peptide analysis. With a homemade computer program to control the light timing based on the m/z of each precursor ion, the photodissociation setup was seamlessly automated with the mass spectrometer. Peptide photodissociation in this apparatus yielded fragments similar to those observed in previous experiments with a home-built tandem-TOF mass spectrometer. Peptides having arginine at their C-termini yielded high-energy x-, v-, and w- type fragments, while peptides with N-terminal arginine produced many a- and d- type ions. Abundant immonium ions were also generated. High-quality photodissociation spectra were obtained with as little as 5 fmol of peptides. In the analysis of various tryptic peptides, photodissociation provided much more sequence information than the conventional TOF-TOF collision induced dissociation (CID). Because of the high fragmentation efficiency, sensitivity was not sacrificed to achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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14
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Park S, Ahn WK, Lee S, Han SY, Rhee BK, Oh HB. Ultraviolet photodissociation at 266 nm of phosphorylated peptide cations. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3609-3620. [PMID: 19890956 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) photodissociation (PD) experiments using 266 nm light were performed for a series of phosphopeptide cations in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer. The objective of the experiments was to determine whether 266 nm UV irradiation on the phosphopeptide cations would induce unique peptide backbone dissociation. In addition, the general behavior of the phosphate loss (-80 or -98 Da) was monitored, particularly for those phosphopeptides with a phosphotyrosine residue that itself is a UV chromophore. For phosphopeptides with a UV chromophore, their photodissociation behavior was very similar to that of low-energy sustained off-resonance irradiation collisionally activated dissociation (SORI-CAD), with a few exceptions. For example, b- and y-type peptide backbone fragments were prevalent, and their dephosphorylation behavior was consistent with that of the SORI-CAD results. For phosphoserine peptides, the loss of a phosphate group was always observed. On the other hand, for phosphotyrosine peptides, the phosphate loss was found to be dependent on the presence of a basic amino group in the sequence and the charge state of the precursor ions, in agreement with the CAD results in the literature. However, hydrogen atom loss or aromatic side chain loss, which is known to be the excited state specific fragmentation pathway, was rarely observed in our 266 nm UV PD experiments, in contrast to the previous UV PD literature (particularly at 220 nm). The mechanism for these observations is described in terms of dominant internal conversion followed by intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kim TY, Schwartz JC, Reilly JP. Development of a Linear Ion Trap/Orthogonal-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for Time-Dependent Observation of Product Ions by Ultraviolet Photodissociation of Peptide Ions. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8809-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9013258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Thermo Electron, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134
| | - Jae C. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Thermo Electron, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134
| | - James P. Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Thermo Electron, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134
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16
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Ly T, Julian R. Ultraviolet Photodissociation: Developments towards Applications for Mass-Spectrometry-Based Proteomics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7130-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Ly T, Julian R. Photodissoziation durch UV-Licht: Anwendungen in der massenspektrometrischen Proteomforschung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Kadhane U, Pérot M, Lucas B, Barat M, Fayeton J, Jouvet C, Ehlerding A, Kirketerp MB, Nielsen SB, Wyer J, Zettergren H. Photodissociation of protonated tryptamine and its supramolecular complex with 18-crown-6 ether: Dissociation times and channels, absorption spectra, and excited states calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Wyer JA, Ehlerding A, Zettergren H, Kirketerp MBS, Brøndsted Nielsen S. Tagging of Protonated Ala-Tyr and Tyr-Ala by Crown Ether Prevents Direct Hydrogen Loss and Proton Mobility after Photoexcitation: Importance for Gas-Phase Absorption Spectra, Dissociation Lifetimes, and Channels. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9277-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904053d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ann Wyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anneli Ehlerding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henning Zettergren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maj-Britt S. Kirketerp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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20
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Liu Z, Julian RR. Deciphering the peptide iodination code: influence on subsequent gas-phase radical generation with photodissociation ESI-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:965-971. [PMID: 19185510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Iodination of tyrosine was recently discovered as a useful method for generating radical peptides via photodissociation of carbon-iodine bonds by an ultraviolet photon in the gas phase. The subsequent fragmentation behavior of the resulting odd-electron peptides is largely controlled by the radical. Although previous experiments have focused on mono-iodination of tyrosine, peptides and proteins can also be multiply iodinated. Tyrosine and, to a lesser extent, histidine can both be iodinated or doubly iodinated. The behavior of doubly iodinated residues is explored under conditions where the sites of iodination are carefully controlled. It is found that radical peptides generated by the loss of a single iodine from doubly iodinated tyrosine behave effectively identically to singly iodinated peptides. This suggests that the remaining iodine does not interfere with radical directed dissociation pathways. In contrast, the concerted loss of two iodines from doubly iodinated peptides yields substantially different results that suggest that radical recombination can occur. However, sequential activation can be used to generate multiple usable radicals in different steps of an MS(n) experiment. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that in actual peptides, the rate of iodination for tyrosine versus mono-iodotyrosine cannot be predicted easily a priori. In other words, previous assumptions that mono-iodination of tyrosine is the rate-limiting step to the formation of doubly iodinated tyrosine are incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92508, USA
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21
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Brodbelt JS, Wilson JJ. Infrared multiphoton dissociation in quadrupole ion traps. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:390-424. [PMID: 19294735 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of new ion activation techniques continues to be a dynamic area of scientific discovery, in part to complement the tremendous innovations in ionization methods that have allowed the mass spectrometric analysis of an enormous array of molecules. Ion activation/dissociation provides key information about ion structures, binding energies, and differentiation of isomers, as well as affording a primary means of identifying compounds in mixtures. Numerous new activation methods have emerged over the past two decades in an effort to develop alternatives to collisional activated dissociation, the gold standard for providing structurally diagnostic fragmentation patterns. Collisional activated dissociation does not always offer sufficiently high or controllable energy deposition, thus rendering it less useful for certain classes of molecules, such as large proteins or macromolecular complexes. Photodissociation is one of the most promising alternatives and is readily implemented in ion trapping and time-of-flight mass spectrometers. Photodissociation generally entails using a laser to irradiate ions with UV, visible, or IR photons, thus resulting in internal energy deposition based on the number and wavelengths of the photons. The activation process can be extremely rapid and efficient, as well as having the potential for high total energy deposition. This review describes infrared multiphoton dissociation in quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. A comparison of photodissociation and collisional activated dissociation is covered, in addition to some of the methods to increase photodissociation efficiency. Numerous applications of IRMPD are discussed as well, including ones related to the analysis of drugs, peptides, nucleic acids, and oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Sun Q, Nelson H, Ly T, Stoltz BM, Julian RR. Side chain chemistry mediates backbone fragmentation in hydrogen deficient peptide radicals. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:958-66. [PMID: 19113886 DOI: 10.1021/pr800592t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A crown ether based, photolabile radical precursor which forms noncovalent complexes with peptides has been prepared. The peptide/precursor complexes can be electrosprayed, isolated in an ion trap, and then subjected to laser photolysis and collision induced dissociation to generate hydrogen deficient peptide radicals. It is demonstrated that these peptide radicals behave very differently from the hydrogen rich peptide radicals generated by electron capture methods. In fact, it is shown that side chain chemistry dictates both the occurrence and relative abundance of backbone fragments that are observed. Fragmentation at aromatic residues occurs preferentially over most other amino acids. The origin of this selectivity relates to the mechanism by which backbone dissociation is initiated. The first step is abstraction of a beta-hydrogen from the side chain, followed by beta-elimination to yield primarily a-type fragment ions. Calculations reveal that those side chains which can easily lose a beta-hydrogen correlate well with experimentally favored sites for backbone fragmentation. In addition, radical mediated side chain losses from the parent peptide are frequently observed. Eleven amino acids exhibit unique mass losses from side chains which positively identify that particular amino acid as part of the parent peptide. Therefore, side chain losses allow one to unambiguously narrow the possible sequences for a parent peptide, which when combined with predictable backbone fragmentation should lead to greatly increased confidence in peptide identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Hao C, Turecek F. Host-guest hydrogen atom transfer induced by electron capture. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:639-651. [PMID: 19185509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
1,n-Alkanediammonium cations in noncovalent complexes with two dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether (DBCE) ligands undergo an unusual intramolecular tandem hydrogen atom and proton transfer to the crown ether ligand upon charge reduction by electron capture. Deuterium labeling established that both migrating hydrogens originated from the ammonium groups. The double hydrogen transfer was found to depend on the length of the alkane chain connecting the ammonium groups. Ab initio calculations provided structures for select alkanediammonium.dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether complexes and dissociation products. This first observation of an intra-complex hydrogen transfer is explained by the unusual electronic properties of the complexes and the substantial hydrogen atom affinity of the aromatic rings in the crown ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtong Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Vasicek LA, Wilson JJ, Brodbelt JS. Improved infrared multiphoton dissociation of peptides through N-terminal phosphonite derivatization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:377-384. [PMID: 19027323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for improving the sequencing of peptides by infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer is described. We have developed an N-terminal derivatization reagent, 4-methylphosphonophenylisothiocyanate (PPITC), which allows the attachment of an IR-chromogenic phosphonite group to the N-terminus of peptides, thus enhancing their IRMPD efficiencies. After the facile derivatization process, the PPITC-modified peptides require shorter irradiation times for efficient IRMPD and yield extensive series of y ions, including those of low m/z that are not detected upon traditional CID. The resulting IRMPD mass spectra afford more complete sequence coverage for both model peptides and tryptic peptides from cytochrome c. We compare the effectiveness of this derivatization/IRMPD approach to that of a common N-terminal sulfonation reaction that utilizes 4-sulfophenylisothiocyanate (SPITC) in conjunction with CID and IRMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Vasicek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Yeh GK, Sun Q, Meneses C, Julian RR. Rapid peptide fragmentation without electrons, collisions, infrared radiation, or native chromophores. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:385-93. [PMID: 19036607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet photodissociation of peptides followed by mass analysis has several desirable advantages relative to other methods, yet it has not found widespread use due to several limitations. One shortcoming is the inefficiency with which peptides absorb in the ultraviolet. This issue has a simple solution and can be circumvented by the attachment of noncovalent adducts that contain appropriate chromophores. Subsequent photoactivation of the chromophore leads to vibrational excitation of the complex and eventually to fragmentation of the peptide. Herein, the energetics that control the efficiency of this process are examined as a function of the characteristics of both the peptide and the noncovalently attached chromophore. Fragmentation efficiency decreases with increasing peptide size and is also constrained by the binding energy of the noncovalent adduct. The optimum chromophore should have excellent absorption at the excitation wavelength and a low luminescence quantum yield. It is demonstrated that a naphthyl based 18-crown-6 adduct is ideally suited for attaching to a variety peptides and fragmenting them following absorption of 266 nm light. Potential applications and limitations of this methodology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92508, USA
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Wilson JJ, Brodbelt JS. Ultraviolet photodissociation at 355 nm of fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides. Anal Chem 2008; 80:5186-96. [PMID: 18505268 DOI: 10.1021/ac800315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) produces complementary fragmentation to collision-induced dissociation (CID) when implemented for activation of fluorescently labeled oligosaccharide and glycan ions. Reductive amination of oligosaccharides with fluorophore reagents results in efficient photon absorption at 355 nm, producing fragment ions from the nonreducing end that do not contain the appended fluorophore. In contrast to the fragment ions observed upon UVPD (A- and C-type ions), CID produces mainly reducing end fragments retaining the fluorophore (Y-type ions). UVPD affords better isomeric differentiation of both the lacto-N-fucopentaoses series and the lacto-N-difucohexaoses series, but in general, the combination of UVPD and CID offers the most diagnostic elucidation of complex branched oligosaccharides. Four fluorophores yielded similar MS/MS results; however, 6-aminoquinoline (6-AQ), 2-amino-9(10 H)-acridone (AMAC) and 7-aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) afforded more efficient photon absorption and subsequent dissociation than 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB). UVPD also was useful for characterization of glycans released from ribonuclease B and derivatized with 6-AQ. Lastly, electron photodetachment dissociation of oligosaccharides derivatized with 7-amino-1,3-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (AGA) yielded unique cross-ring cleavages similar to those obtained by electron detachment dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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