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Garcia-Calvo E, García-García A, Madrid R, Martin R, García T. From Polyclonal Sera to Recombinant Antibodies: A Review of Immunological Detection of Gluten in Foodstuff. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010066. [PMID: 33396828 PMCID: PMC7824297 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten is the ethanol-soluble protein fraction of cereal endosperms like wheat, rye, and barley. It is widely used in the food industry because of the physical-chemical properties it gives to dough. Nevertheless, there are some gluten-related diseases that are presenting increasing prevalences, e.g., celiac disease, for which a strict gluten-free diet is the best treatment. Due to this situation, gluten labeling legislation has been developed in several countries around the world. This article reviews the gluten immune detection systems that have been applied to comply with such regulations. These systems have followed the development of antibody biotechnology, which comprise three major methodologies: polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from hybridoma cells (some examples are 401.21, R5, G12, and α-20 antibodies), and the most recent methodology of recombinant antibodies. Initially, the main objective was the consecution of new high-affinity antibodies, resulting in low detection and quantification limits that are mainly achieved with the R5 mAb (the gold standard for gluten detection). Increasing knowledge about the causes of gluten-related diseases has increased the complexity of research in this field, with current efforts not only focusing on the development of more specific and sensitive systems for gluten but also the detection of protein motifs related to pathogenicity. New tools based on recombinant antibodies will provide adequate safety and traceability methodologies to meet the increasing market demand for gluten-free products.
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Cong Y, Dong H, Wei X, Zhang L, Bai J, Wu J, Huang JX, Gao Z, Ueda H, Dong J. A novel murine antibody and an open sandwich immunoassay for the detection of clenbuterol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109473. [PMID: 31398783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Clenbuterol (CLEN) is a sympathomimetic amine used as a decongestant and bronchodilator while treating breathing disorders. It is also used in food-producing animals as it improves the rate of red meat production. However, it is prohibited in many countries nowadays due to human health and safety concerns. Unfortunately, the illegal use of CLEN is still rampant. Thus, monitoring it in food and livestock is important. Here, we report a novel murine antibody and an open sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (OS-ELISA) to detect CLEN based on antigen-antibody reactions. The genes of antibody variable regions in mice immunized with CLEN conjugated with bovine serum albumin were cloned into a phagemid (pDong1/Fab) to construct a phage-display antibody library, from which a novel antibody, A12, was selected. Then, an OS-ELISA was developed to detect CLEN using separated variable regions of the A12 antibody. The limit of detection of the assay was found to be 8 ng/mL, which was useful for monitoring CLEN usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cong
- Key Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Hang Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Liqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jingkun Bai
- Key Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jingliang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Johnny X Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan; World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Jinhua Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biological Medicine in Shandong Universities, Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibody Medicine, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
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Quaglia S, Ferrara F, De Leo L, Ziberna F, Vatta S, Marchiò S, Sblattero D, Ventura A, Not T. A Functional Idiotype/Anti-Idiotype Network Is Active in Genetically Gluten-Intolerant Individuals Negative for Both Celiac Disease-Related Intestinal Damage and Serum Autoantibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1079-1087. [PMID: 30635394 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An unbalance between Abs that recognize an autoantigen (idiotypes; IDs) and Igs that bind such Abs (anti-IDs) is considered a functional event in autoimmune disorders. We investigated the presence of an ID/anti-ID network in celiac disease (CD), a condition in which antitissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) Abs are suspected to contribute to CD pathogenesis. To characterize the ID side, we reproduced by in vitro yeast display the intestine-resident Abs from CD and control patients. These TG2-specific IDs were used to identify potential anti-IDs in the serum. We observed elevated titers of anti-IDs in asymptomatic patients with predisposition to CD and demonstrated that anti-ID depletion from the serum restores a detectable humoral response against TG2. Our study provides an alternative approach to quantify CD-related autoantibodies in cases that would be defined "negative serology" with current diagnostic applications. Therefore, we suggest that developments of this technology could be designed for perspective routine tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Quaglia
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | | | - Luigina De Leo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Fabiana Ziberna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Serena Vatta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Serena Marchiò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Turin 10060, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Candiolo, Turin 10060, Italy; and
| | - Daniele Sblattero
- University of Trieste, Department of Life Science, Trieste 34128, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ventura
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy.,University of Trieste, Department of Life Science, Trieste 34128, Italy
| | - Tarcisio Not
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy; .,University of Trieste, Department of Life Science, Trieste 34128, Italy
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Korponay-Szabó IR, Troncone R, Discepolo V. Adaptive diagnosis of coeliac disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 29:381-98. [PMID: 26060104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Coeliac disease has for a long time simply been regarded as a gluten-dependent enteropathy and a duodenal biopsy was required in all patients for the diagnosis. It is now accepted that autoimmunity against transglutaminase 2 is an earlier, more universal and more specific feature of coeliac disease than histologic lesions. Moreover, high serum levels of combined anti-transglutaminase 2 and anti-endomysium antibody positivity have excellent predictive value for the presence of enteropathy with villous atrophy. This makes the histology evaluation of the gut no longer necessary in well defined symptomatic paediatric patients with compatible HLA-DQ2 and/or DQ8 background. The biopsy-sparing diagnostic route is not yet recommended by gastroenterologists for adults, and certain clinical circumstances (immunodeficiency conditions, extraintestinal manifestations, type-1 diabetes mellitus, age less than 2 years) may require modified diagnostic approaches. Coeliac patients with preserved duodenal villous structure do exist and these need a more extended evaluation by immunologic and molecular biology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilma R Korponay-Szabó
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Debrecen Medical School, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; Coeliac Disease Centre, Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Üllöi út 86, Budapest 1089, Hungary.
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; University of Chicago, Department of Medicine and the University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center, Chicago 900 E 57th Street, 60615 Chicago, IL, USA
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Phage display antibodies for diagnostic applications. Biologicals 2013; 41:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Phage display has been extensively used to study protein-protein interactions, receptor- and antibody-binding sites, and immune responses, to modify protein properties, and to select antibodies against a wide range of different antigens. In the format most often used, a polypeptide is displayed on the surface of a filamentous phage by genetic fusion to one of the coat proteins, creating a chimeric coat protein, and coupling phenotype (the protein) to genotype (the gene within). As the gene encoding the chimeric coat protein is packaged within the phage, selection of the phage on the basis of the binding properties of the polypeptide displayed on the surface simultaneously results in the isolation of the gene encoding the polypeptide. This unit describes the background to the technique, and illustrates how it has been applied to a number of different problems, each of which has its neurobiological counterparts. Although this overview concentrates on the use of filamentous phage, which is the most popular platform, other systems are also described.
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Anti transglutaminase antibodies cause ataxia in mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9698. [PMID: 20300628 PMCID: PMC2837746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disorder characterized by the presence of anti-transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and anti-gliadin antibodies. Amongst the neurological dysfunctions associated with CD, ataxia represents the most common one. Methods We analyzed by immunohistochemistry, the anti-neural reactivity of the serum from 20 CD patients. To determine the role of anti-TG2 antibodies in ataxia, two anti-TG2 single chain variable fragments (scFv), isolated from a phage-display IgA antibody library, were characterized by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, and injected in mice to study their effects on motor coordination. We found that 75% of the CD patient population without evidence of neurological involvement, has circulating anti-neural IgA and/or IgG antibodies. Two anti-TG2 scFvs, cloned from one CD patient, stained blood vessels but only one reacted with neurons. This anti-TG2 antibody showed cross reactivity with the transglutaminase isozymes TG3 and TG6. Intraventricular injection of the anti-TG2 or the anti-TG2/3/6 cross-reactive scFv provoked transient, equally intensive ataxia in mice. Conclusion The serum from CD patients contains anti-TG2, TG3 and TG6 antibodies that may potentially cause ataxia.
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Maglio M, Florian F, Vecchiet M, Auricchio R, Paparo F, Spadaro R, Zanzi D, Rapacciuolo L, Franzese A, Sblattero D, Marzari R, Troncone R. Majority of children with type 1 diabetes produce and deposit anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in the small intestine. Diabetes 2009; 58:1578-84. [PMID: 19401430 PMCID: PMC2699874 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-tissue transglutaminase (TG2) antibodies are the serological marker of celiac disease. Given the close association between celiac disease and type 1 diabetes, we investigated the production and deposition of anti-TG2 antibodies in the jejunal mucosa of type 1 diabetic children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Intestinal biopsies were performed in 33 type 1 diabetic patients with a normal mucosal architecture: 14 had high levels (potential celiac disease patients) and 19 had normal levels of serum anti-TG2 antibodies. All biopsy specimens were investigated for intestinal deposits of IgA anti-TG2 antibodies by double immunofluorescence. In addition, an antibody analysis using the phage display technique was performed on the intestinal biopsy specimens from seven type 1 diabetic patients, of whom four had elevated and three had normal levels of serum anti-TG2 antibodies. RESULTS Immunofluorescence studies showed that 11 of 14 type 1 diabetic children with elevated levels and 11 of 19 with normal serum levels of anti-TG2 antibodies presented with mucosal deposits of such autoantibodies. The phage display analysis technique confirmed the intestinal production of the anti-TG2 antibodies; however, whereas the serum-positive type 1 diabetic patients showed a preferential use of the VH5 antibody gene family, in the serum-negative patients the anti-TG2 antibodies belonged to the VH1 and VH3 families, with a preferential use of the latter. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that there is intestinal production and deposition of anti-TG2 antibodies in the jejunal mucosa of the majority of type 1 diabetic patients. However, only those with elevated serum levels of anti-TG2 antibodies showed the VH usage that is typical of the anti-TG2 antibodies that are produced in patients with celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Maglio
- Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Fiorella Florian
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Vecchiet
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Paparo
- Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Spadaro
- Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Delia Zanzi
- Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Rapacciuolo
- Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Franzese
- Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Sblattero
- Department of Medical Sciences and Research Centre on Autoimmune Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberto Marzari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
- Corresponding author: Riccardo Troncone,
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Immunoglobulin A anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody deposits in the small intestinal mucosa of children with no villous atrophy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008; 47:293-8. [PMID: 18728524 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181677067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TG2) immunoglobulin A (IgA) autoantibodies are detectable in the serum of most patients with untreated celiac disease (CD). Their deposits in the intestine of patients with CD with severe enteropathy are considered specific for this condition. The histological spectrum of CD includes cases with normal villous architecture. The aim of this study was to look for anti-TG2 IgA deposits in the intestine of children with normal villous architecture and to relate them with other markers of gluten sensitivity. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 57 children with normal duodenal villous architecture and markers of gluten sensitivity were considered. Of those, 39 showed positive serum anti-endomysium antibodies and/or high levels of anti-TG2 antibodies (group 1), and 18 were seronegative with only a greater density of gammadelta intraepithelial lymphocytes (group 2). Thirty-four children with no markers of gluten sensitivity and a normal mucosa represented the control group (group 3). The duodenal sections of all patients were investigated for deposited anti-TG2 IgA by double immunofluorescence. Human lymphocyte antigen molecular typing was performed. RESULTS In group 1 and in group 2, 33 of 39 children (85%) and 12 of 18 children (66%) showed subepithelial anti-TG2 IgA intestinal deposits, respectively. Only in 3 of 34 (8.8%) children with no markers of gluten sensitivity were anti-TG2 IgA deposits noted. CONCLUSIONS A subgroup of children with no serum CD-associated autoantibodies, but greater density of gammadelta intraepithelial lymphocytes, shows a clear anti-TG2 IgA deposition in the duodenal mucosa. These children must be investigated further for possible gluten sensitivity.
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Di Niro R, Sblattero D, Florian F, Stebel M, Zentilin L, Giacca M, Villanacci V, Galletti A, Not T, Ventura A, Marzari R. Anti-idiotypic response in mice expressing human autoantibodies. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:1782-91. [PMID: 17996305 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease is an autoimmune illness characterized by intestinal mucosal injury and malabsorption precipitated by dietary exposure to gluten of some cereals. The immune response is based on both cellular and humoral components, although the former seem to be more important in the pathogenesis. The autoantibody response is directed at the enzyme tissue transglutaminase, tTG or TG2, which possibly play a role in the onset of the disease. In this study we sought to develop an animal model in which to analyze the immunological regulation and significance of anti-TG2 antibodies, by expressing specific human single-chain antibody fragments in mice using adeno-associated virus vectors. Upon vector injection in the skeletal muscles, high and persistent systemic levels of anti-TG2 antibodies were obtained. Mice injected with vectors encoding antibodies also recognizing rodent TG2, also developed a strong anti-idiotypic response. This finding raises the question of whether an anti-idiotypic response to anti-TG2 antibodies is a factor associated with celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Di Niro
- Department of Biology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Boscolo S, Sarich A, Lorenzon A, Passoni M, Rui V, Stebel M, Sblattero D, Marzari R, Hadjivassiliou M, Tongiorgi E. Gluten ataxia: passive transfer in a mouse model. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1107:319-28. [PMID: 17804560 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1381.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gluten sensitivity is an autoimmune disease that usually causes intestinal atrophy resulting in a malabsorption syndrome known as celiac disease. However, gluten sensitivity may involve several organs and is often associated with extraintestinal manifestations. Typically, patients with celiac disease have circulating anti-tissue transglutaminase and anti-gliadin antibodies. When patients with gluten sensitivity are affected by other autoimmune diseases, other autoantibodies may arise like anti-epidermal transglutaminase in dermatitis herpetiformis, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in thyroiditis, and anti-islet cells antibodies in type 1 diabetes. The most common neurological manifestation of gluten sensitivity is ataxia, the so-called gluten ataxia (GA). In patients with GA we have demonstrated that anti-gliadin and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies cross-react with neurons but that additional anti-neural antibodies are present. The aim of the present article is to review the knowledge on animal models of gluten sensitivity, as well as reviewing the role of anti-neural antibodies in GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Boscolo
- BRAIN Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Picarelli A, Di Tola M, Sabbatella L, Anania MC, Calabrò A, Renzi D, Bai JC, Sugai E, Carroccio A, Di Prima L, Bardella MT, Barisani D, Ribes-Koninckx C, Aliaga ED, Gasparin M, Bravi E. Usefulness of the organ culture system in the in vitro diagnosis of coeliac disease: a multicentre study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:186-90. [PMID: 16509042 DOI: 10.1080/00365520510024151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnosis of coeliac disease is based on the presence of villous atrophy which recovers following a gluten-free diet. The presence of circulating antiendomysial antibodies as well as their disappearance after a gluten-free diet supports the diagnosis. It has also been demonstrated that antiendomysial antibodies are detectable in supernatants of cultured intestinal biopsies from patients with coeliac disease. The objective of this study was to compare the histology and antiendomysial antibodies in culture supernatants of intestinal biopsies to validate the in vitro organ culture system as a future diagnostic tool for coeliac disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-five antiendomysial serum-positive patients on a gluten-containing diet were evaluated. Patients underwent endoscopy with 5 biopsy fragments: 3 for histology, 1 cultured with and the other without gliadin-peptide activator. Antiendomysial antibodies were evaluated in all culture supernatants. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients had evidence of villous atrophy, while 73 out of 75 were positive to the organ culture system. The agreement rate between organ culture and histology results was 94%. CONCLUSIONS As all the centres participating in the study obtained good agreement between organ culture and histology results, the new system could be considered a reliable tool for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. Nevertheless, it is possible to highlight cases with an organ culture-positive and -negative histology. This feature could be of considerable interest because, as the sensitivity of organ culture seems to be greater than the initial histology, the new system might be useful in uncertain cases where the risk of missing the diagnosis of coeliac disease is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Picarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Kaukinen K, Peräaho M, Collin P, Partanen J, Woolley N, Kaartinen T, Nuutinen T, Halttunen T, Mäki M, Korponay-Szabo I. Small-bowel mucosal transglutaminase 2-specific IgA deposits in coeliac disease without villous atrophy: a prospective and randomized clinical study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005; 40:564-72. [PMID: 16036509 DOI: 10.1080/00365520510023422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In coeliac disease, autoantibodies directed against transglutaminase 2 are produced in small-bowel mucosa, and they have been found to be deposited extracellularly. The aim of this study was to investigate whether such mucosal IgA deposits are important in the diagnostic work-up of early-stage coeliac disease without small-bowel mucosal villous atrophy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-one adults suspected of coeliac disease owing to increased density of mucosal gamma(delta)+ intraepithelial lymphocytes but normal villous morphology were randomized to gluten challenge or a gluten-free diet for 6 months. Clinically and histologically verified gluten dependency was compared with existence of small-bowel mucosal transglutaminase 2-specific extracellular IgA deposits and (coeliac disease-type) HLA DQ2 and DQ8; 34 non-coeliac subjects and 18 patients with classical coeliac disease served as controls. RESULTS Of the 41 patients, 5 in the challenge group and 6 in the gluten-free diet group were clinically gluten sensitive; all 11 had HLA DQ2 or DQ8. Ten of these 11 patients showed transglutaminase 2-targeted mucosal IgA deposits, which were dependent on gluten consumption. Minimal IgA deposits were seen in only 3 out of 30 patients with suspected coeliac disease without any clinically detected gluten dependency. The deposits were found in all classical coeliac patients and in none of the non-coeliac control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Clinically pertinent coeliac disease exists despite normal small-bowel mucosal villous architecture. Mucosal transglutaminase 2-specific IgA deposits can be utilized in detecting such patients with genetic gluten intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Kaukinen
- Department of Tissue Typing, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
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Sblattero D, Florian F, Not T, Ventura A, Troncone R, Auricchio S, Marzari R. The gut as site of production of autoimmune antibodies. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004; 39 Suppl 3:S730-1. [PMID: 15167364 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-200406003-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Sblattero
- Department of Biology, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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