1
|
Thondawada M, Wadhwani AD, S. Palanisamy D, Rathore HS, Gupta RC, Chintamaneni PK, Samanta MK, Dubala A, Varma S, Krishnamurthy PT, Gowthamarajan K. An effective treatment approach of DPP-IV inhibitor encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles conjugated with anti-CD-4 mAb for type 1 diabetes. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1120-1129. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1438460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Thondawada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Ashish Devidas Wadhwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Dhanabal S. Palanisamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | | | - Ramesh C. Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Nagaland University, Dimapur, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Malay K. Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Anil Dubala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Sameer Varma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Praveen T. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kulshrestha D, Yeh LT, Chien MW, Chou FC, Sytwu HK. Peripheral Autoimmune Regulator Induces Exhaustion of CD4 + and CD8 + Effector T Cells to Attenuate Autoimmune Diabetes in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1128. [PMID: 28966617 PMCID: PMC5605615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune regulator (Aire) is one of the most crucial genes expressed in the thymus, where it orchestrates the promiscuous expression and presentation of tissue-specific antigens during thymocyte selection. The presence of Aire-expressing cells outside the thymus points toward its plausible extrathymic functions; however, the relative contribution of Aire-expressing cells of hematopoietic origin and their role in the modulation of autoimmune diseases are still obscure. Here, we report that non-obese diabetic mice with transgenic Aire expression under the control of the CD11c (integrin alpha X) promoter were significantly protected from autoimmune diabetes compared with their non-transgenic littermates. The protective effect of Aire transgene was mediated primarily by an increase in the “exhausted” populations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, both demonstrating poor expressions of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Both CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells in transgenic mice displayed distinctive and differential expression of T-bet and Eomesodermin, respectively, in conjunction with high expression of programmed cell death protein-1 and other exhaustion-associated markers. Importantly, transgenic Aire expression did not result in any detectable changes in the population of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Co-transfer experiments also demonstrated that Aire transgenic dendritic cells, as a “stand-alone” cell population, had the potential to suppress effector T cells in vivo without the support of Treg cells, but eventually failed to prevent the diabetogenesis in recipient mice. In conclusion, our study suggests that apart from its role in clonal deletion of autoreactive T cells or clonal diversion to Treg lineage, Aire can also contribute to tolerance by forcing effector T cells into a state of exhaustion with poor effector functions, thereby effectively containing autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divakar Kulshrestha
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Yeh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lebailly B, Langa F, Boitard C, Avner P, Rogner UC. The circadian gene Arntl2 on distal mouse chromosome 6 controls thymocyte apoptosis. Mamm Genome 2016; 28:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
4
|
Combination of monoclonal antibodies and DPP-IV inhibitors in the treatment of type 1 diabetes: a plausible treatment modality? Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:1-5. [PMID: 24810674 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for the maintenance of immunological tolerance. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs when the immune-regulatory mechanism fails. In fact, T1D is reversed by islet transplantation but is associated with hostile effects of persistent immune suppression. T1D is believed to be dependent on the activation of type-1 helper T (Th1) cells. Immune tolerance is liable for the activation of the Th1 cells. The important role of Th1 cells in pathology of T1D entails the depletion of CD4(+) T cells, which initiated the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD4(+) T cells to interfere with induction of T1D. Prevention of autoimmunity is not only a step forward for the treatment of T1D, but could also restore the β-cell mass. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 stimulates β-cell proliferation and also has anti-apoptotic effects on them. However, the potential use of GLP-1 as a possible method to restore pancreatic β-cells is limited due to rapid degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV. We hypothesize that treatment with combination of CD4 mAbs and DPP-IV inhibitors could prevent/reverse T1D. CD4 mAbs have the ability to induce immune tolerance, thereby arresting further progression of T1D; DPP-IV inhibitors have the capability to regenerate the β-cell mass. Consequently, the combination of CD4 mAbs and DPP-IV inhibitor could avoid or at least minimize the constraints of intensive subcutaneous insulin therapy. We presume that if this hypothesis proves correct, it may become one of the plausible therapeutic options for T1D.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferreira C, Palmer D, Blake K, Garden OA, Dyson J. Reduced regulatory T cell diversity in NOD mice is linked to early events in the thymus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4145-52. [PMID: 24663675 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The thymic natural regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment of NOD mice is unusual in having reduced TCR diversity despite normal cellularity. In this study, we show that this phenotype is attributable to perturbations in early and late stages of thymocyte development and is controlled, at least in part, by the NOD Idd9 region on chromosome 4. Progression from double negative 1 to double negative 2 stage thymocytes in NOD mice is inefficient; however, this defect is compensated by increased proliferation of natural Tregs (nTregs) within the single positive CD4 thymocyte compartment, accounting for recovery of cellularity accompanied by loss of TCR diversity. This region also underlies the known attenuation of ERK-MAPK signaling, which may preferentially disadvantage nTreg selection. Interestingly, the same genetic region also regulates the rate of thymic involution that is accelerated in NOD mice. These findings highlight further complexity in the control of nTreg repertoire diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alteration of the thymic T cell repertoire by rotavirus infection is associated with delayed type 1 diabetes development in non-obese diabetic mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59182. [PMID: 23554993 PMCID: PMC3598695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses are implicated as a viral trigger for the acceleration of type 1 diabetes in children. Infection of adult non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with rotavirus strain RRV accelerates diabetes development, whereas RRV infection in infant NOD mice delays diabetes onset. In this study of infant mice, RRV titers and lymphocyte populations in the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and thymus of NOD mice were compared with those in diabetes-resistant BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Enhanced intestinal RRV infection occurred in NOD mice compared with the other mouse strains. This was associated with increases in the frequency of CD8αβ TCRαβ intraepithelial lymphocytes, and their PD-L1 expression. Virus spread to the MLN and T cell numbers there also were greatest in NOD mice. Thymic RRV infection is shown here in all mouse strains, often in combination with alterations in T cell ontogeny. Infection lowered thymocyte numbers in infant NOD and C57BL/6 mice, whereas thymocyte production was unaltered overall in infant BALB/c mice. In the NOD mouse thymus, effector CD4+ T cell numbers were reduced by infection, whereas regulatory T cell numbers were maintained. It is proposed that maintenance of thymic regulatory T cell numbers may contribute to the increased suppression of inflammatory T cells in response to a strong stimulus observed in pancreatic lymph nodes of adult mice infected as infants. These findings show that rotavirus replication is enhanced in diabetes-prone mice, and provide evidence that thymic T cell alterations may contribute to the delayed diabetes onset following RRV infection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tellier J, Andrianjaka A, Vicente R, Thiault N, Enault G, Garchon HJ, van Meerwijk JPM, Romagnoli P. Increased thymic development of regulatory T cells in NOD mice is functionally dissociated from type I diabetes susceptibility. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1356-62. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Feng N, Vegh P, Rothenberg EV, Yui MA. Lineage divergence at the first TCR-dependent checkpoint: preferential γδ and impaired αβ T cell development in nonobese diabetic mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:826-37. [PMID: 21148803 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first TCR-dependent checkpoint in the thymus determines αβ versus γδ T lineage fate and sets the stage for later T cell differentiation decisions. We had previously shown that early T cells in NOD mice that are unable to rearrange a TCR exhibit a defect in checkpoint enforcement at this stage. To determine if T cell progenitors from wild-type NOD mice also exhibit cell-autonomous defects in development, we investigated their differentiation in the Notch-ligand-presenting OP9-DL1 coculture system, as well as by analysis of T cell development in vivo. Cultured CD4 and CD8 double-negative cells from NOD mice exhibited major defects in the generation of CD4 and CD8 double-positive αβ T cells, whereas γδ T cell development from bipotent precursors was enhanced. Limiting dilution and single-cell experiments show that the divergent effects on αβ and γδ T cell development did not spring from biased lineage choice but from increased proliferation of γδ T cells and impaired accumulation of αβ T lineage double-positive cells. In vivo, NOD early T cell subsets in the thymus also show characteristics indicative of defective β-selection, and peripheral αβ T cells are poorly established in mixed bone marrow chimeras, contrasting with strong γδ T as well as B cell repopulation. Thus, NOD T cell precursors reveal divergent, lineage-specific differentiation abnormalities in vitro and in vivo from the first TCR-dependent developmental choice point, which may have consequences for subsequent lineage decisions and effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Feng
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Non-obese diabetic mice select a low-diversity repertoire of natural regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8320-5. [PMID: 19359477 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808493106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus-derived Foxp3(+) natural regulatory CD4 T cells (nTregs) prevent autoimmunity through control of pathogenic, autoreactive T cells and other immune effector cells. Using T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic models, diversity within this lineage has been found to be similar to that of conventional CD4 T cells. To determine whether balanced TCR diversity may be perturbed in autoimmunity, we have analyzed receptor composition in C57BL/6 and autoimmune non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The natural regulatory and conventional CD4 repertoires of C57BL/6 had similar diversities. Despite the apparently normal thymic development of the NOD nTreg lineage, TCR diversity within the selected repertoire was markedly restricted. Detailed analysis of TCRalpha and -beta chain composition is consistent with positive selection into the natural regulatory lineage being under stringent audition for interaction with MHC class II/self-peptide. The NOD MHC region, including the unique H2-A(g7) class II molecule, partly accounts for the reduction in diversity, but additional NOD genetic contribution(s) are required for complete repertoire compaction. Mechanistic links between MHC, autoimmunity, and nTreg diversity identified in this study are discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mendes-da-Cruz DA, Smaniotto S, Keller AC, Dardenne M, Savino W. Multivectorial Abnormal Cell Migration in the NOD Mouse Thymus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:4639-47. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) is determined by interactions of multiple genes with unknown environmental factors. Despite the characterization of over 20 susceptibility regions for T1D, identification of specific genes in these regions is still a formidable challenge. In 2004, we first reported the cloning of a novel, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) gene, SUMO4, in the IDDM5 interval on chromosome 6q25, and presented strong genetic and functional evidence suggesting that SUMO4 is a T1D susceptibility gene. Subsequent studies have consistently confirmed this association in multiple Asian populations despite controversial observations in Caucasians. In this review, we will update the genetic evidence supporting SUMO4 as a T1D susceptibility gene and discuss the possible explanations for the discrepant associations observed in Caucasians. We will then discuss the mechanisms through which SUMO4 contributes to the pathogenesis of T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Yi Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Middlebrook AJ, Lebsack T, DeLuca D. TNF-α mediated modulation of T cell development and exacerbation of in vitro T1DM in fetal thymus organ culture. J Autoimmun 2007; 29:134-45. [PMID: 17716860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TNF-alpha is a pleiotropic cytokine that is constitutively expressed in the thymus. This cytokine has opposing effects on type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice administered TNF-alpha early in life experience an acceleration in disease onset while TNF-alpha administered to adult NOD mice are rescued from disease entirely. Using fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC) as a model of T cell development and an associated in vitro T1DM model, we set out to reconcile the role of TNF-alpha in thymic development with its role in the pathogenesis of T1DM. Our data indicate that NOD derived FTOC produce a smaller percentage of double negative (CD4(-)/CD8(-)) thymocytes expressing TNF receptors compared to non-diabetic C57BL/6 (B6) derived FTOC. NOD FTOC produce more TNF-alpha than B6 FTOC during days 6-9 of culture, a time when negative selection of T cells is known to occur. Neutralization of this endogenous TNF-alpha production in NOD derived FTOC with soluble TNF receptor (sTNF R1) rescued insulin production in our in vitro T1DM model. Flow cytometric analysis of NOD FTOC treated with recombinant TNF-alpha (rTNF-alpha) or sTNF R1 demonstrated that the relative levels of TNF-alpha in the culture during the selection window (days 6-9) influence the ratio of immature vs. mature T cells that emerge from FTOC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/immunology
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Fetus
- Insulin/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/pharmacology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/embryology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Middlebrook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85274, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lie BA, Viken MK, Akselsen HE, Flåm ST, Pociot F, Nerup J, Kockum I, Cambon-Thomsen A, Thorsby E, Undlien DE. Association analysis in type 1 diabetes of the PRSS16 gene encoding a thymus-specific serine protease. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:592-8. [PMID: 17584581 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously mapped a separate type 1 diabetes (T1D) association in the extended MHC class I region, marked by D6S2223, on the DRB1*03-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 haplotype. The associated region encompasses a gene encoding a thymus-specific serine protease (PRSS16), presumably involved in positive selection of T cells or in T-cell regulation. Fourteen PRSS16 polymorphisms were genotyped in two steps using a total of six T1D family data sets, as well as case-control materials for both T1D and celiac disease (CD). An association with a 15 base-pair deletion in exon 12 of PRSS16 was found on the DRB1*03-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 haplotype for both T1D and CD, but it could not explain the more pronounced disease associations observed at marker D6S2223. We compared the performance of the 14 tested PRSS16 polymorphisms, selected after our previous comprehensive screen, against HapMap selected tag SNPs. Use of a HapMap based SNP selection strategy would result in loss of a large proportion of the genetic variation in PRSS16. Our data suggest that it is unlikely that polymorphisms within the PRSS16 gene are involved in the predisposition to T1D. However, we cannot rule out that regulatory polymorphisms located some distance away from the gene may be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte A Lie
- Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|