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Tang YY, Wang DC, Chen YY, Xu WD, Huang AF. Th1-related transcription factors and cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1305590. [PMID: 38164134 PMCID: PMC10757975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory disorder related to immunity dysfunction. The Th1 cell family including Th1 cells, transcription factor T-bet, and related cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL-18, TGF-β, and IL-12 have been widely discussed in autoimmunity, such as SLE. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the expression profile of the Th1 cell family in both SLE patients and animal models and clarify how the family members are involved in lupus development. Interestingly, T-bet-related age-associated B cells (ABCs) and low-dose IL-2 treatment in lupus were emergently discussed as well. Collection of the evidence will better understand the roles of the Th1 cell family in lupus pathogenesis, especially targeting IL-2 in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Tang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Yue Chen
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Huang X, Wu H, Lu Q. The mechanisms and applications of T cell vaccination for autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 47:219-33. [PMID: 25096807 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a spectrum of diseases originating from loss of immunologic self-tolerance and T cell abnormal autoreactivity, causing organ damage and death. However, the pathogenic mechanism of ADs remains unclear. The current treatments of ADs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), antimalarials, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and biological therapies. With the need to prevent side effects resulting from current treatments and acquire better clinical remission, developing a novel pharmaceutical treatment is extremely urgent. The concept of T cell vaccination (TCV) has been raised as the finding that immunization with attenuated autoreactive T cells is capable of inducing T cell-dependent inhibition of autoimmune responses. TCV may act as an approach to control unwanted adaptive immune response through eliminating the autoreactive T cells. Over the past decades, the effect of TCV has been justified in several animal models of autoimmune diseases including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), murine autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and so on. Meanwhile, clinical trials of TCV have confirmed the safety and efficacy in corresponding autoimmune diseases ranging from multiple sclerosis (MS) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review aims to summarize the ongoing experimental and clinical trials and elucidate possible molecule mechanisms of TCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Fujita Y, Fujii T, Mimori T, Sato T, Nakamura T, Iwao H, Nakajima A, Miki M, Sakai T, Kawanami T, Tanaka M, Masaki Y, Fukushima T, Okazaki T, Umehara H. Deficient leptin signaling ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus lesions in MRL/Mp-Fas lpr mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:979-84. [PMID: 24391210 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is secreted by adipocytes, the placenta, and the stomach. It not only controls appetite through leptin receptors in the hypothalamus, it also regulates immunity. In the current study, we produced leptin-deficient MRL/Mp-Fas(lpr) mice to investigate the potential role of leptin in autoimmunity. C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice were backcrossed with MRL/Mp-Fas(lpr) mice, which develop human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like lesions. The effects of leptin deficiency on various SLE-like manifestations were investigated in MRL/Mp-Fas(lpr) mice. The regulatory T cell population in the spleen was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the effects of leptin on regulatory T cells and Th17 cells were evaluated in vitro. Compared with leptin-producing MRL/Mp-Fas(lpr) mice, leptin-deficient MRL/Mp-Fas(lpr) mice showed less marked splenomegaly and a particularly low population of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-)B220(+) T cells (lpr cells). Their serum concentrations of Abs to dsDNA were lower, and renal histological changes at age 20 wk were ameliorated. Regulatory T cells were increased in the spleens of leptin-deficient MRL/Mp-Fas(lpr) mice. Leptin suppressed regulatory T cells and enhanced Th17 cells in vitro. In conclusion, blockade of leptin signaling may be of therapeutic benefit in patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Fujita
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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Gurr W, Shaw M, Herzog RI, Li Y, Sherwin R. Vaccination with single chain antigen receptors for islet-derived peptides presented on I-A(g7) delays diabetes in NOD mice by inducing anergy in self-reactiveT-cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69464. [PMID: 23894487 PMCID: PMC3722102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a vaccination approach for prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) that selectively attenuates self-reactive T-cells targeting specific autoantigens, we selected phage-displayed single chain antigen receptor libraries for clones binding to a complex of the NOD classII MHC I-A(g7) and epitopes derived from the islet autoantigen RegII. Libraries were generated from B-cell receptor repertoires of classII-mismatched mice immunized with RegII-pulsed NOD antigen presenting cells or from T-cell receptor repertoires in pancreatic lymph nodes of NOD mice. Both approaches yielded clones recognizing a RegII-derived epitope in the context of I-A(g7), which activated autoreactive CD4(+) T-cells. A receptor with different specificity was obtained by converting the BDC2.5 TCR into single chain form. B- but not T-cells from donors vaccinated with the clones transferred protection from diabetes to NOD-SCID recipients if the specificity of the diabetes inducer cell and the single chain receptor were matched. B-cells and antibodies from donors vaccinated with the BDC2.5 single chain receptor induced a state of profound anergy in T-cells of BDC2.5 TCR transgenic NOD recipients while B-cells from donors vaccinated with a single chain receptor specific for I-A(g7) RegII peptide complexes induced only partial non-responsiveness. Vaccination of normal NOD mice with receptors recognizing I-A(g7) RegII peptide complexes or with the BDC2.5 single chain receptor delayed onset of T1D. Thus anti-idiotypic vaccination can be successfully applied to T1D with vaccines either generated from self-reactive T-cell clones or derived from antigen receptor libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Gurr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
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Wang YM, Zhang GY, Hu M, Polhill T, Sawyer A, Zhou JJ, Saito M, Watson D, Wu H, Wang Y, Wang XM, Wang Y, Harris DC, Alexander SI. CD8+ regulatory T cells induced by T cell vaccination protect against autoimmune nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:1058-67. [PMID: 22491420 PMCID: PMC3358762 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011090914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoreactive T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune kidney disease. T cell vaccination (TCV) may limit autoimmune disease and induce CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). We used Heymann nephritis (HN), a rat model of human membranous nephritis, to study the effects of TCV on autoimmune kidney disease. We harvested CD4+ T cells from renal tubular antigen (Fx1A) -immunized rats and activated these cells in vitro to express the MHC Class Ib molecule Qa-1. Vaccination of Lewis rats with these autoreactive Fx1A-induced T cells protected against HN, whereas control-primed T cells did not. Rats that underwent TCV had lower levels of proteinuria and serum creatinine and significantly less glomerulosclerosis, tubular damage, and interstitial infiltrates. Furthermore, these rats expressed less IFN-γ and IL-6 in splenocytes, whereas the numbers of Tregs and the expression of Foxp3 were unchanged. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed CD8+ T cell-mediated elimination of Qa-1-expressing CD4+ T cells. In vivo, TCV abrogated the increase in Qa-1-expressing CXCR5+ TFH cells observed in HN compared with controls. Taken together, these results suggest that TCV protects against autoimmune kidney disease by targeting Qa-1-expressing autoreactive CD4+ cells.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantibodies/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/immunology
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/metabolism
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Sampling Studies
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccination/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Geoff Yu Zhang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Tania Polhill
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Andrew Sawyer
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Jimmy Jianheng Zhou
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Debbie Watson
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Centre for Medical Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Huiling Wu
- Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - Xin Maggie Wang
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - David C.H. Harris
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - Stephen I. Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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Seavey MM, Lu LD, Stump KL. Animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and ex vivo assay design for drug discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 5:Unit 5.60. [PMID: 21935901 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph0560s53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a debilitating and often fatal autoimmune disease that involves multiple organ systems. It can develop for years before being diagnosed. Current treatments for SLE usually involve the use of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive agents that can lead to infection or cancer. The design of appropriate models and assays will determine the efficiency and speed with which an investigator can test a new chemical entity (NCE) or expect results to move a drug discovery program forward. This unit describes a series of preclinical assays for the identification of new agents for the treatment of SLE. Most importantly, this unit will guide the reader through a step-by-step process to select appropriate models, validation drugs, and readouts, depending on the objective of the study. The reader will acquire a working knowledge of what models are available and the potential advantages and disadvantages of each, including ex vivo assays relevant to the discovery of new SLE therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Seavey
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
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Xu W, Li X, Yuan Z, Gao X. Immunoproteomic analysis of the antibody response obtained in mouse following vaccination with a T-cell vaccine. Proteomics 2011; 11:4368-75. [PMID: 21919206 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
T-cell vaccination (TCV), the application of irradiated activated T cells, has been shown to prevent effectively and treat experimental autoimmune diseases. It has been reported that anti-lymphocytic antibodies induced by TCV were capable of strongly inhibiting T-cell proliferation and of ameliorating experimental autoimmune disease. The present study was undertaken to characterize the antigen specificity of these Abs. We used activated mouse ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cells (OVA-T) as vaccine immunized mice. By combination of 2-DE, 2-D Western blot and Q-TOF mass spectrometry we have identified 11 antigens in activated T cells that were recognized by the anti-T-cell Abs. The resulting antigenic molecules included calreticulin (CRT), ERp57, Vimentin, HSP70-4, tubulin β5 chain, coronin-1A, pyruvate kinase, ATP synthase β chain and transketolase most of which belong to so-called damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs). CRT, ERp57 and vementin were further examined by Western blot and cellular ELISA to identify molecular targets which may be involved in the TCV immunotherapy. On the basis of our results, γ-radiation induced the activated T cells "immunogenic apoptosis" and exposed/secreted DAMPs (CRT, ERp57 and Vementin) played an important role in TCV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, [corrected] China.
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Click RE. Longevity of SLE-prone mice increased by dietary 2-mercaptoethanol via a mechanism imprinted within the first 28 days of life. Virulence 2010; 1:516-22. [PMID: 21178504 DOI: 10.4161/viru.1.6.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the preceding report, moderately lived-mice fed dietary 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me) had their life extended, whereas long-lived mice were found to have the quality of life improved, but not extended, and did not develop high fat-diet obesity. In the present report, alteration of longevity of mice prone to develop spontaneous, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by dietary 2-Me was determined. NZB, NZW, (NZW x NZB) F₁-hybrid, BXSB/MpJ, BXSB-Yaa+/J, MRL/MpJ and MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice received drinking water, without or with 2-Me at concentrations of 10⁻³ or 10⁻² M. Therapeutic benefit was assessed by changes in longevity. The median survival of MRL/MpJ males was increased from 443 to 615 days and those of (NZW x NZB) F₁ and NZB males and females were increased approximately 2-fold. The most unexpected finding was that longevity of F₁ males was significantly extended irrespective of whether dietary exposure to 2-Me was initiated at 28 days of age, at 50 days of age, or initiated during gestation (and then terminated at weaning--28 days of age). Survival of F₁-hybrids in which treatment was initiated in utero or at 28 days of age was not significantly different, whereas if initiation was delayed until 50 days of age, survival was >200 days shorter. Survival of male MRL/MpJ-Fas lpr and BXSB/MpJ (Yaa-), two strains with genetically controlled accelerated SLE, was not altered by 2-Me when started at 50 days. Various alternatives are discussed regarding potential long-lasting mechanisms imprinted early in life. Even though present day treatments of rodent SLE are generally aimed at controlling specific immunological events, with or without survival benefits, or are procedures presently unsuitable for therapeutic use in humans, the findings presented herein seem worthy of clinical evaluation.
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Trivedi S, Zang Y, Culpepper S, Rosenbaum E, Fernandez I, Martinez L, Hoffman RW, Greidinger EL. T cell vaccination therapy in an induced model of anti-RNP autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Clin Immunol 2010; 137:281-7. [PMID: 20797908 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To establish the relevance of targeting disease-associated T cells in anti-RNP-associated glomerulonephritis, mice developing nephritis following immunization with U1-70-kd small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) were treated with a single dose of irradiated antigen-selected T cell vaccine. T cell receptor usage in nephritic kidneys revealed oligoclonal use of T Cell Receptor V Beta (TRBV) genes as previously found in spleens and lungs of immunized mice with pulmonary disease. The CDR3 regions from T cell isolates showed sequence homology to those in humans with anti-RNP autoimmunity. Following T cell vaccination, urinalysis returned to normal in 5/7 treated mice (71% response rate) whereas all mock-treated mice continued to have an active urinary sediment (Fisher's Exact p=0.02). An oligoclonal population of T cells homologous to those identified in humans with anti-RNP autoimmunity is implicated in disease pathogenesis, and T cell vaccination is associated with a high rate of clinical improvement in established nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Trivedi
- University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Tsai BY, Lin YL, Chiang BL. Autoimmune response induced by dendritic cells exerts anti-tumor effect in murine model of leukemia. J Autoimmun 2010; 34:364-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a human autoimmune liver disease whose molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood because of the difficulty in accessing human tissue and the absence of appropriate animal models. Recently, several unique murine models of human PBC have been discovered. These models have great potential for illustrating the cause and the cellular events that lead to biliary-specific damage. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent progress in these models. RECENT FINDINGS The murine models of autoimmune cholangitis include the transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGF-betaRII) dominant-negative (dnTGF-betaRII), IL-2 receptor alpha deleted (IL-2Ralpha-/-), scurfy, nonobese diabetic (NOD) c3c4, and Ae2 gene-disrupted (Ae2a,b-/-) mice. Recently, we have also established a successful murine model following the immunization with a chemical mimicry of the lipoyl-lysine residue of the E2 component of PDC-E2. SUMMARY These emerging murine models have greatly enabled researchers to address the pathogenesis of human PBC and to elucidate pathogenic factors. These models will ultimately lead to new therapeutic options for human PBC.
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