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Lombard-Vadnais F, Collin R, Daudelin JF, Chabot-Roy G, Labrecque N, Lesage S. The Idd2 Locus Confers Prominent Resistance to Autoimmune Diabetes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:898-909. [PMID: 35039332 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic β cell destruction. It is a complex genetic trait driven by >30 genetic loci with parallels between humans and mice. The NOD mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes and is widely used to identify insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) genetic loci linked to diabetes susceptibility. Although many Idd loci have been extensively studied, the impact of the Idd2 locus on autoimmune diabetes susceptibility remains to be defined. To address this, we generated a NOD congenic mouse bearing B10 resistance alleles on chromosome 9 in a locus coinciding with part of the Idd2 locus and found that NOD.B10-Idd2 congenic mice are highly resistant to diabetes. Bone marrow chimera and adoptive transfer experiments showed that the B10 protective alleles provide resistance in an immune cell-intrinsic manner. Although no T cell-intrinsic differences between NOD and NOD.B10-Idd2 mice were observed, we found that the Idd2 resistance alleles limit the formation of spontaneous and induced germinal centers. Comparison of B cell and dendritic cell transcriptome profiles from NOD and NOD.B10-Idd2 mice reveal that resistance alleles at the Idd2 locus affect the expression of specific MHC molecules, a result confirmed by flow cytometry. Altogether, these data demonstrate that resistance alleles at the Idd2 locus impair germinal center formation and influence MHC expression, both of which likely contribute to reduced diabetes incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Lombard-Vadnais
- Immunology-Oncology Axis, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Collin
- Immunology-Oncology Axis, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Jean-François Daudelin
- Immunology-Oncology Axis, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Chabot-Roy
- Immunology-Oncology Axis, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Labrecque
- Immunology-Oncology Axis, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Axis, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
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Collin R, Dugas V, Pelletier AN, Chabot-Roy G, Lesage S. Evidence of genetic epistasis in autoimmune diabetes susceptibility revealed by mouse congenic sublines. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:307-319. [PMID: 33755757 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes is a complex genetic trait. Linkage analyses exploiting the NOD mouse, which spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes, have proved to be a useful tool for the characterization of some of these traits. In a linkage analysis using 3A9 TCR transgenic mice on both B10.BR and NOD.H2k backgrounds, we previously determined that both the Idd2 and Idd13 loci were linked to the proportion of immunoregulatory CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) T cells. In addition to Idd2 and Idd13, five other loci showed weak linkage to the proportion of DN T cells. Of interest, in an interim analysis, a locus on chromosome 12 is linked to DN T cell proportion in both the spleen and the lymph nodes. To determine the impact of this locus on DN T cells, we generated two congenic sublines, which we named Chr12P and Chr12D for proximal and distal, respectively. While 3A9 TCR:insHEL NOD.H2k-Chr12D mice were protected from diabetes, 3A9 TCR:insHEL NOD.H2k-Chr12P showed an increase in diabetes incidence. Yet, the proportion of DN T cells was similar to the parental 3A9 TCR NOD.H2k strain for both of these congenic sublines. A genome-wide two dimensional LOD score analysis reveals genetic epistasis between chromosome 12 and the Idd13 locus. Altogether, this study identified further complex genetic interactions in defining the proportion of DN T cells, along with evidence of genetic epistasis within a locus on chromosome 12 influencing autoimmune susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Collin
- Cellular Immunogenetics laboratory, Division of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- CellCarta, 201 President Kennedy Avenue, Suite 3900, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Véronique Dugas
- Cellular Immunogenetics laboratory, Division of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Geneviève Chabot-Roy
- Cellular Immunogenetics laboratory, Division of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Cellular Immunogenetics laboratory, Division of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Liu YH, Corbett C, Klaska IP, Makinen K, Nickerson JM, Cornall RJ, Kuffova L, Forrester JV. Partial retinal photoreceptor loss in a transgenic mouse model associated with reduced levels of interphotoreceptor retinol binding protein (IRBP, RBP3). Exp Eye Res 2018; 172:54-65. [PMID: 29571629 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ-specific transgenic membrane expression of hen egg lysozyme (HEL) as a "neo-self antigen" has been used in several models to study immunological tolerance. In this study we report the changes which occur in the B10.BR mouse retina when membrane-bound HEL is expressed in photoreceptors under the control of the promoter for interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP, RBP3). On direct clinical examination of the single transgenic (sTg-IRBP:HEL) mouse fundus, a low-level increase in retinal degeneration compared to non-transgenic controls was observed, presenting as drusenoid deposits and occasional small patches of atrophy. On histological examination, there was an overall shortening of outer segments and loss of photoreceptor nuclei in sTg-IRBP:HEL mice, which was more pronounced in the retinal periphery, particularly inferiorly. The fundoscopically observed lesions did not correlate with the photoreceptor shortening/loss but appeared to be located at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium/choriocapillaris layer and were an exaggeration in size and number of similar age-related changes found in wild type (WT) mice. In addition, neither the atrophic lesions nor the photoreceptor shortening were associated with common retinal degeneration genes, nor were they caused by exposure to light damage since mice housed at both high and low ambient light levels had similar degrees of retinal degeneration. Instead, sTg-IRBP:HEL mice expressed reduced levels of soluble retinal IRBP compared to WT mice which were present from postnatal day16 (P16) and preceded development of photoreceptor shortening (onset P21). We propose that insertion of the HEL transgene in the photoreceptor membrane disrupted normal photoreceptor function and led to reduced levels of soluble IRBP and retinal thinning. A similar phenotype has been observed in IRBP deficient mice. Despite the retinal thinning, the amount of HEL expressed in the retina was sufficient to act as an autoantigenic target when the mice were crossed to the HEL T cell receptor Tg mouse, since double transgenic (dTg-IRBP:HEL) mice spontaneously developed a severe uveoretinitis with onset at weaning. We suggest that, although membrane expression of foreign transgene products is likely to modify the structure and function of tissues and cells, the technology provides useful models to investigate mechanisms of antigen-specific immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsia Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Clare Corbett
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Izabela P Klaska
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kimmo Makinen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Human Health, Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lucia Kuffova
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John V Forrester
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Beuers U, Gershwin ME. Unmet challenges in immune-mediated hepatobiliary diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 48:127-31. [PMID: 25820618 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is ironic that the liver, which serves a critical function in immune tolerance, itself becomes the victim of an autoimmune attack. Indeed, liver autoimmunity and the autoimmune diseases associated with both innate and adaptive responses to hepatocytes and/or cholangiocytes are models of human autoimmunity. For example, in primary biliary cirrhosis, there exists a well-defined and characteristic autoantibody and considerable homogeneity between patients. In autoimmune hepatitis, there are clinical characteristics that allow a rigorous subset definition and well-defined inflammatory infiltrates. In both cases, there are defects in a variety of immune pathways and including regulatory cells. In primary sclerosing cholangitis, with its characteristic overlap with inflammatory bowel disease, there are unique defects in innate immunity and particular important contribution of lymphoid homing to disease pathogenesis. In these diseases, as with other human autoimmune processes, there is the critical understanding that pathogenesis requires a genetic background, but is determined by environmental features, and indeed the concordance of these diseases in identical twins highlights the stochastic nature of immunopathology. Unfortunately, despite major advances in basic immunology and in immunopathology in these diseases, there remains a major void in therapy. The newer biologics that are so widely used in rheumatology, neurology, and gastroenterology have not yet seen success in autoimmune liver disease. Future efforts will depend on more rigorous molecular biology and systems analysis in order for successful application to be made to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22600, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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