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Look A, Burns D, Tews I, Roghanian A, Mansour S. Towards a better understanding of human iNKT cell subpopulations for improved clinical outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176724. [PMID: 37153585 PMCID: PMC10154573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique T lymphocyte population expressing semi-invariant T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognise lipid antigens presented by CD1d. iNKT cells exhibit potent anti-tumour activity through direct killing mechanisms and indirectly through triggering the activation of other anti-tumour immune cells. Because of their ability to induce potent anti-tumour responses, particularly when activated by the strong iNKT agonist αGalCer, they have been the subject of intense research to harness iNKT cell-targeted immunotherapies for cancer treatment. However, despite potent anti-tumour efficacy in pre-clinical models, the translation of iNKT cell immunotherapy into human cancer patients has been less successful. This review provides an overview of iNKT cell biology and why they are of interest within the context of cancer immunology. We focus on the iNKT anti-tumour response, the seminal studies that first reported iNKT cytotoxicity, their anti-tumour mechanisms, and the various described subsets within the iNKT cell repertoire. Finally, we discuss several barriers to the successful utilisation of iNKT cells in human cancer immunotherapy, what is required for a better understanding of human iNKT cells, and the future perspectives facilitating their exploitation for improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Look
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Burns
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Tews
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Salah Mansour
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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2
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Prokhnevska N, Cardenas MA, Valanparambil RM, Sobierajska E, Barwick BG, Jansen C, Reyes Moon A, Gregorova P, delBalzo L, Greenwald R, Bilen MA, Alemozaffar M, Joshi S, Cimmino C, Larsen C, Master V, Sanda M, Kissick H. CD8 + T cell activation in cancer comprises an initial activation phase in lymph nodes followed by effector differentiation within the tumor. Immunity 2023; 56:107-124.e5. [PMID: 36580918 PMCID: PMC10266440 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in tumor immunotherapies depend on better understanding of the anti-tumor T cell response. By studying human tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), we found that activated CD8+ T cells in TDLNs shared functional, transcriptional, and epigenetic traits with TCF1+ stem-like cells in the tumor. The phenotype and TCR overlap suggested that these TDLN cells were precursors to tumor-resident stem-like CD8+ T cells. Murine tumor models revealed that tumor-specific CD8+ T cells were activated in TDLNs but lacked an effector phenotype. These stem-like cells migrated into the tumor, where additional co-stimulation from antigen-presenting cells drove effector differentiation. This model of CD8+ T cell activation in response to cancer is different from that of canonical CD8+ T cell activation to acute viruses, and it proposes two stages of tumor-specific CD8+ T cell activation: initial activation in TDLNs and subsequent effector program acquisition within the tumor after additional co-stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria A Cardenas
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajesh M Valanparambil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ewelina Sobierajska
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin G Barwick
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caroline Jansen
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana Reyes Moon
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Petra Gregorova
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luke delBalzo
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Greenwald
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehmet Asim Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Alemozaffar
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shreyas Joshi
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cara Cimmino
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viraj Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin Sanda
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydn Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Wimmer I, Berger J. Plasmalogens, platelet-activating factor and beyond - Ether lipids in signaling and neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105061. [PMID: 32861763 PMCID: PMC7116601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-based ether lipids including ether phospholipids form a specialized branch of lipids that in mammals require peroxisomes for their biosynthesis. They are major components of biological membranes and one particular subgroup, the plasmalogens, is widely regarded as a cellular antioxidant. Their vast potential to influence signal transduction pathways is less well known. Here, we summarize the literature showing associations with essential signaling cascades for a wide variety of ether lipids, including platelet-activating factor, alkylglycerols, ether-linked lysophosphatidic acid and plasmalogen-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids. The available experimental evidence demonstrates links to several common players like protein kinase C, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, ether lipid levels have repeatedly been connected to some of the most abundant neurological diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease and more recently also neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. Thus, we critically discuss the potential role of these compounds in the etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases with an emphasis on signaling processes. Finally, we review the emerging interest in plasmalogens as treatment target in neurological diseases, assessing available data and highlighting future perspectives. Although many aspects of ether lipid involvement in cellular signaling identified in vitro still have to be confirmed in vivo, the compiled data show many intriguing properties and contributions of these lipids to health and disease that will trigger further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Isabella Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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4
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Rosati E, Pogorelyy MV, Dowds CM, Moller FT, Sorensen SB, Lebedev YB, Frey N, Schreiber S, Spehlmann ME, Andersen V, Mamedov IZ, Franke A. Identification of Disease-associated Traits and Clonotypes in the T Cell Receptor Repertoire of Monozygotic Twins Affected by Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:778-790. [PMID: 31711184 PMCID: PMC7346890 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] is thought to be T cell mediated and therefore dependent on the interaction between the T cell receptor [TCR] and human leukocyte antigen [HLA] proteins expressed on antigen presenting cells. The collection of all TCRs in one individual, known as the TCR repertoire, is characterised by enormous diversity and inter-individual variability. It was shown that healthy monozygotic [MZ] twins are more similar in their TCR repertoire than unrelated individuals. Therefore MZ twins, concordant or discordant for IBD, may be useful to identify disease-related and non-genetic factors in the TCR repertoire which could potentially be used as disease biomarkers. METHODS Employing unique molecular barcoding that can distinguish between polymerase chain reaction [PCR] artefacts and true sequence variation, we performed deep TCRα and TCRβ repertoire profiling of the peripheral blood of 28 MZ twin pairs from Denmark and Germany, 24 of whom were discordant and four concordant for IBD. RESULTS We observed disease- and smoking-associated traits such as sharing, diversity and abundance of specific clonotypes in the TCR repertoire of IBD patients, and particularly in patients with active disease, compared with their healthy twins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified TCR repertoire features specific for smokers and IBD patients, particularly when signs of disease activity were present. These findings are a first step towards the application of TCR repertoire analyses as a valuable tool to characterise inflammatory bowel diseases and to identify potential biomarkers and true disease causes.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- C-Reactive Protein/analysis
- Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/physiopathology
- Crohn Disease/diagnosis
- Crohn Disease/immunology
- Crohn Disease/physiopathology
- Denmark
- Feces
- Female
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Germany
- Humans
- Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/analysis
- Male
- Patient Acuity
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/blood
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Smoking/immunology
- Twins, Monozygotic
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rosati
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Laboratory of comparative and functional genomic, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University [RNRMU], Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - C Marie Dowds
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frederik T Moller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe B Sorensen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yuri B Lebedev
- Laboratory of comparative and functional genomic, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina E Spehlmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- IRS-Center Sønderjylland, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ilgar Z Mamedov
- Laboratory of comparative and functional genomic, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University [RNRMU], Moscow, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of molecular biology, Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Corresponding author: Andre Franke, Dr. rer. nat.., Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology,Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel,Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12,D- 24105 Kiel,Germany. Tel,: 49 179 485 1891;
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5
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Yu KKQ, Wilburn DB, Hackney JA, Darrah PA, Foulds KE, James CA, Smith MT, Jing L, Seder RA, Roederer M, Koelle DM, Swanson WJ, Seshadri C. Conservation of molecular and cellular phenotypes of invariant NKT cells between humans and non-human primates. Immunogenetics 2019; 71:465-478. [PMID: 31123763 PMCID: PMC6647187 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-019-01118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells in both humans and non-human primates are activated by the glycolipid antigen, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). However, the extent to which the molecular mechanisms of antigen recognition and in vivo phenotypes of iNKT cells are conserved among primate species has not been determined. Using an evolutionary genetic approach, we found a lack of diversifying selection in CD1 genes over 45 million years of evolution, which stands in stark contrast to the history of the MHC system for presenting peptide antigens to T cells. The invariant T cell receptor (TCR)-α chain was strictly conserved across all seven primate clades. Invariant NKT cells from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) bind human CD1D-α-GalCer tetramer and are activated by α-GalCer-loaded human CD1D transfectants. The dominant TCR-β chain cloned from a rhesus-derived iNKT cell line is nearly identical to that found in the human iNKT TCR, and transduction of the rhesus iNKT TCR into human Jurkat cells show that it is sufficient for binding human CD1D-α-GalCer tetramer. Finally, we used a 20-color flow cytometry panel to probe tissue phenotypes of iNKT cells in a cohort of rhesus macaques. We discovered several tissue-resident iNKT populations that have not been previously described in non-human primates but are known in humans, such as TCR-γδ iNKTs. These data reveal a diversity of iNKT cell phenotypes despite convergent evolution of the genes required for lipid antigen presentation and recognition in humans and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle K Q Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Damien B Wilburn
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua A Hackney
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charlotte A James
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Malisa T Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lichen Jing
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Willie J Swanson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Tuberculosis Research & Training Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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Guo T, Koo MY, Kagoya Y, Anczurowski M, Wang CH, Saso K, Butler MO, Hirano N. A Subset of Human Autoreactive CD1c-Restricted T Cells Preferentially Expresses TRBV4-1 + TCRs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:500-511. [PMID: 29237773 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In humans, a substantial portion of T cells recognize lipids presented by the monomorphic CD1 proteins. Recent studies have revealed the molecular basis of mycobacterial lipid recognition by CD1c-restricted T cells. Subsets of CD1c-restricted T cells recognize self-lipids in addition to foreign lipids, which may have implications in human diseases involving autoimmunity and malignancy. However, the molecular identity of these self-reactive T cells remains largely elusive. In this study, using a novel CD1c+ artificial APC (aAPC)-based system, we isolated human CD1c-restricted autoreactive T cells and characterized them at the molecular level. By using the human cell line K562, which is deficient in MHC class I/II and CD1 expression, we generated an aAPC expressing CD1c as the sole Ag-presenting molecule. When stimulated with this CD1c+ aAPC presenting endogenous lipids, a subpopulation of primary CD4+ T cells from multiple donors was consistently activated, as measured by CD154 upregulation and cytokine production in a CD1c-specific manner. These activated CD4+ T cells preferentially expressed TRBV4-1+ TCRs. Clonotypic analyses of the reconstituted TRBV4-1+ TCR genes confirmed CD1c-restricted autoreactivity of this repertoire, and the strength of CD1c reactivity was influenced by the diversity of CDR3β sequences. Finally, alanine scanning of CDR1 and CDR2 sequences of TRBV4-1 revealed two unique residues, Arg30 and Tyr51, as critical in conferring CD1c-restricted autoreactivity, thus elucidating the molecular basis of the observed V gene bias. These data provide new insights into the molecular identity of human autoreactive CD1c-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Ming Yin Koo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Yuki Kagoya
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Kayoko Saso
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada; .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
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7
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Chamoto K, Guo T, Scally SW, Kagoya Y, Anczurowski M, Wang CH, Rahman MA, Saso K, Butler MO, Chiu PPL, Julien JP, Hirano N. Key Residues at Third CDR3β Position Impact Structure and Antigen Recognition of Human Invariant NK TCRs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1056-1065. [PMID: 28003379 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The human invariant NK (iNK) TCR is largely composed of the invariant TCR Vα24-Jα18 chain and semivariant TCR Vβ11 chains with variable CDR3β sequences. The direct role of CDR3β in Ag recognition has been studied extensively. Although it was noted that CDR3β can interact with CDR3α, how this interaction might indirectly influence Ag recognition is not fully elucidated. We observed that the third position of Vβ11 CDR3 can encode an Arg or Ser residue as a result of somatic rearrangement. Clonotypic analysis of the two iNK TCR types with a single amino acid substitution revealed that the staining intensity by anti-Vα24 Abs depends on whether Ser or Arg is encoded. When stained with an anti-Vα24-Jα18 Ab, human primary invariant NKT cells could be divided into Vα24 low- and high-intensity subsets, and Arg-encoding TCR Vβ11 chains were more frequently isolated from the Vα24 low-intensity subpopulation compared with the Vα24 high-intensity subpopulation. The Arg/Ser substitution also influenced Ag recognition as determined by CD1d multimer staining and CD1d-restricted functional responses. Importantly, in silico modeling validated that this Ser-to-Arg mutation could alter the structure of the CDR3β loop, as well as the CDR3α loop. Collectively, these results indicate that the Arg/Ser encoded at the third CDR3β residue can effectively modulate the overall structure of, and Ag recognition by, human iNK TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Chamoto
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scally
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Yuki Kagoya
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Muhammed A Rahman
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kayoko Saso
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Priscilla P L Chiu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada; .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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8
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Guo T, Ochi T, Nakatsugawa M, Kagoya Y, Anczurowski M, Wang CH, Rahman MA, Saso K, Butler MO, Hirano N. Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27805596 DOI: 10.3791/54697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptors (TCRs) are used clinically to direct the specificity of T cells to target tumors as a promising modality of immunotherapy. Therefore, cloning TCRs specific for various tumor-associated antigens has been the goal of many studies. To elicit an effective T cell response, the TCR must recognize the target antigen with optimal affinity. However, cloning such TCRs has been a challenge and many available TCRs possess sub-optimal affinity for the cognate antigen. In this protocol, we describe a method of cloning de novo high affinity antigen-specific TCRs using existing TCRs by exploiting hemichain centricity. It is known that for some TCRs, each TCRα or TCRβ hemichain do not contribute equally to antigen recognition, and the dominant hemichain is referred to as the centric hemichain. We have shown that by pairing the centric hemichain with counter-chains differing from the original counter-chain, we are able to maintain the antigen specificity, while modulating its interaction strength for the cognate antigen. Thus, the therapeutic potential of a given TCR can be improved by optimizing the pairing between the centric and counter hemichains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxi Guo
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | - Toshiki Ochi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | | | - Yuki Kagoya
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | | | - Kayoko Saso
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network;
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9
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Felley L, Gumperz JE. Are human iNKT cells keeping tabs on lipidome perturbations triggered by oxidative stress in the blood? Immunogenetics 2016; 68:611-22. [PMID: 27393663 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The central paradigm of conventional MHC-restricted T cells is that they respond specifically to foreign peptides, while displaying tolerance to self-antigens. In contrast, it is now becoming clear that a number of innate-like T cell subsets-CD1-restricted T cells, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, and MAIT cells-may operate by different rules: rather than focusing on the recognition of specific foreign antigens, these T cells all appear to respond to alterations to lipid-related pathways. By monitoring perturbations to the "lipidome," these T cells may be able to spring into action to deal with physiological situations that are of self as well as microbial origin. iNKT cells are a prime example of this type of lipidome-reactive T cell. As a result of their activation by self lyso-phospholipid species that are generated downstream of blood lipid oxidation, human iNKT cells in the vasculature may respond sensitively to a variety of oxidative stresses. Some of the cytokines produced by activated iNKT cells have angiogenic effects (e.g., GM-CSF, IL-8), whereas others (e.g., IFN-γ) are pro-inflammatory factors that can propagate vascular pathology by influencing the functions of macrophages and dendritic cells. Consistent with this, evidence is accumulating that iNKT cells contribute to atherosclerosis, which is one of the most common inflammatory pathologies, and one that is integrally related to characteristics of the lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Felley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jenny E Gumperz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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10
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Guo T, Chamoto K, Nakatsugawa M, Ochi T, Yamashita Y, Anczurowski M, Butler MO, Hirano N. Mouse and Human CD1d-Self-Lipid Complexes Are Recognized Differently by Murine Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Receptors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156114. [PMID: 27213277 PMCID: PMC4877060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize self-lipids presented by CD1d through characteristic TCRs, which mainly consist of the invariant Vα14-Jα18 TCRα chain and Vβ8.2, 7 or 2 TCRβ chains with hypervariable CDR3β sequences in mice. The iNKT cell-CD1d axis is conserved between humans and mice, and human CD1d reactivity of murine iNKT cells have been described. However, the detailed differences between the recognition of human and mouse CD1d bound to various self-lipids by mouse iNKT TCRs are largely unknown. In this study, we generated a de novo murine iNKT TCR repertoire with a wider range of autoreactivity compared with that of naturally occurring peripheral iNKT TCRs. Vβ8.2 mouse iNKT TCRs capable of recognizing the human CD1d-self-lipid tetramer were identified, although such clones were not detectable in the Vβ7 or Vβ2 iNKT TCR repertoire. In line with previously reports, clonotypic Vβ8.2 iNKT TCRs with unique CDR3β loops did not discriminate among lipids presented by mouse CD1d. Unexpectedly, however, these iNKT TCRs showed greater ligand selectivity toward human CD1d presenting the same lipids. Our findings demonstrated that the recognition of mouse and human CD1d-self-lipid complexes by murine iNKT TCRs is not conserved, thereby further elucidating the differences between cognate and cross-species reactivity of self-antigens by mouse iNKT TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Toshiki Ochi
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Anczurowski
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus O. Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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