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Hamers SMWR, Abendstein L, Boyle AL, Jongkees SAK, Sharp TH. Selection and characterization of a peptide-based complement modulator targeting C1 of the innate immune system. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:787-799. [PMID: 39092440 PMCID: PMC11289891 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The human complement pathway plays a pivotal role in immune defence, homeostasis, and autoimmunity regulation, and complement-based therapeutics have emerged as promising interventions, with both antagonistic and agonistic approaches being explored. The classical pathway of complement is initiated when the C1 complex binds to hexameric antibody platforms. Recent structural data revealed that C1 binds to small, homogeneous interfaces at the periphery of the antibody platforms. Here, we have developed a novel strategy for complement activation using macrocyclic peptides designed to mimic the interface between antibodies and the C1 complex. In vitro selection utilizing the RaPID system identified a cyclic peptide (cL3) that binds to the C1 complex via the globular head domains of C1q. Notably, when immobilized on surfaces, cL3 effectively recruits C1 from human serum, activates C1s proteases, and induces lysis of cell-mimetic lipid membranes. This represents the first instance of a peptide capable of activating complement by binding C1 when immobilized. Further characterization and synthesis of deletion mutants revealed a critical cycle size of cL3 essential for C1 binding and efficient complement activation. Importantly, cL3 also demonstrated the ability to inhibit complement-mediated lysis without affecting C1 binding, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic modality to prevent complement-dependent cytotoxicity whilst promoting cellular phagocytosis and cell clearance. In summary, this study introduces the concept of "Peptactins" - peptide-based activators of complement - and underscores the potential of macrocyclic peptides for complement modulation, offering potential advantages over traditional biologicals in terms of size, production, and administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan M W R Hamers
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Leoni Abendstein
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Aimee L Boyle
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1QU UK
| | - Seino A K Jongkees
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TD UK
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2
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Cattaneo I, Choblet S, Valgardsdottir R, Roth M, Massafra A, Beeg M, Gobbi M, Duonor-Cerutti M, Golay J. Development of a Bispecific IgG1 Antibody Targeting BCMA and PDL1. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:15. [PMID: 38390876 PMCID: PMC10885062 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We designed, produced, and purified a novel IgG1-like, bispecific antibody (bsAb) directed against B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), expressed by multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), PDL1, expressed in the MM microenvironment. The BCMA×PDL1 bsAb was fully characterized in vitro. BCMA×PDL1 bound specifically and simultaneously, with nM affinity, to both native membrane-bound antigens and to the recombinant soluble antigen fragments, as shown by immunophenotyping analyses and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), respectively. The binding affinity of bsAb for PDL1 and BCMA was similar to each other, but PDL1 affinity was about 10-fold lower in the bsAb compared to parent mAb, probably due to the steric hindrance associated with the more internal anti-PDL1 Fab. The bsAb was also able to functionally block both antigen targets with IC50 in the nM range. The bsAb Fc was functional, inducing human-complement-dependent cytotoxicity as well as ADCC by NK cells in 24 h killing assays. Finally, BCMA×PDL1 was effective in 7-day killing assays with peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effectors, inducing up to 75% of target MM cell line killing at a physiologically attainable, 6 nM, concentration. These data provide the necessary basis for future optimization and in vivo testing of this novel bsAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cattaneo
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24122 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sylvie Choblet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Therapie", 30380 Saint-Christol-Lez-Alès, France
| | - Rut Valgardsdottir
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24122 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Muriel Roth
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Therapie", 30380 Saint-Christol-Lez-Alès, France
| | - Annamaria Massafra
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Marten Beeg
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Martine Duonor-Cerutti
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Therapie", 30380 Saint-Christol-Lez-Alès, France
| | - Josée Golay
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24122 Bergamo, Italy
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Jo A, Jeong D, Eum HH, Kim N, Na M, Kang H, Lee HO. CTLA-4 inhibition facilitates follicular T and B cell interaction and the production of tumor-specific antibodies. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1964-1976. [PMID: 36650700 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induce activation and expansion of cytotoxic T cells. To depict a comprehensive immune cell landscape reshaped by the CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitor, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing in a mouse syngeneic tumor transplant model. After CTLA-4 inhibition, tumor regression was accompanied by massive immune cell expansion, especially in T and B cells. We found that B cells in tumor transplant represented follicular, germinal center and plasma B cells, some of which shared identical B cell receptor clonotypes and possessed tumor reactivity. Furthermore, the posttreatment tumor contained a tertiary lymphoid-like structure with intermingled T and B cells. These data suggest germinal center formation within the tumor mass and in situ differentiation of tumor-specific plasma cells. Taken together, our data provide a panoramic view of the immune microenvironment after CTLA-4 inhibition and suggest a role for tumor-specific B cells in antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Jo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dasom Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Eum
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minsu Na
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huiram Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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4
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Shoari A, Tahmasebi M, Khodabakhsh F, Cohan RA, Oghalaie A, Behdani M. Angiogenic biomolecules specific nanobodies application in cancer imaging and therapy; review and updates. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Interdonato A, Choblet S, Sana M, Valgardsdottir R, Cribioli S, Alzani R, Roth M, Duonor-Cerutti M, Golay J. BL-01, an Fc-bearing, tetravalent CD20 × CD5 bispecific antibody, redirects multiple immune cells to kill tumors in vitro and in vivo. Cytotherapy 2021; 24:161-171. [PMID: 34538717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The authors describe here a novel therapeutic strategy combining a bispecific antibody (bsAb) with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. METHODS The authors have designed, produced and purified a novel tetravalent IgG1-like CD20 × CD5 bsAb called BL-01. The bsAb is composed of a fused heavy chain and two free light chains that pair correctly to the heavy chain sequences thanks to complementary mutations in the monoclonal antibody 2 CH1/CL sequences. RESULTS The authors show that BL-01 can bind specifically to CD20 and CD5 with an affinity of 4-6 nM, demonstrating correct pairing of two light chains to the fused heavy chain. The CD20 × CD5 BL-01 bsAb has a functional human IgG1 Fc and can induce up to 65% complement-dependent cytotoxicity of a CD20+ lymphoma cell line in the presence of human complement, similar to anti-CD20 rituximab. The bsAb also induces significant natural killer cell activation and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of up to 25% as well as up to 65% phagocytosis by human macrophages in the presence of CD20+ tumor cells. The BL-01 bsAb binds to CD20 and CD5 simultaneously and can redirect CIK cells in vitro to kill CD20+ targets, increasing the cytotoxicity of CIK cells by about 3-fold. The authors finally show that the CD20 × CD5 BL-01 bsAb synergizes with CIK cells in vivo in controlling tumor growth and prolonging survival of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice inoculated with a patient-derived, aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma xenograft. CONCLUSIONS The authors suggest that the efficacy of bsAb in vivo is due to the combined activation of innate immunity by Fc and redirection of CIK cells to kill the tumor target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Interdonato
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani," Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sylvie Choblet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Thérapie," Saint-Christol-Lez Alès, France
| | - Mirco Sana
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani," Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rut Valgardsdottir
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani," Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Muriel Roth
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Thérapie," Saint-Christol-Lez Alès, France
| | - Martine Duonor-Cerutti
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Thérapie," Saint-Christol-Lez Alès, France
| | - Josée Golay
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani," Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore, Bergamo, Italy.
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6
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Capuano C, Pighi C, Battella S, De Federicis D, Galandrini R, Palmieri G. Harnessing CD16-Mediated NK Cell Functions to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy of Tumor-Targeting mAbs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102500. [PMID: 34065399 PMCID: PMC8161310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural Killer (NK) cells play a major role in cancer immunotherapy based on tumor-targeting mAbs. NK cell-mediated tumor cell killing and cytokine secretion are powerfully stimulated upon interaction with IgG-opsonized tumor cells, through the aggregation of FcγRIIIA/CD16 IgG receptor. Advances in basic and translational NK cell biology have led to the development of strategies that, by improving mAb-dependent antitumor responses, may overcome the current limitations of antibody therapy attributable to tolerance, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and genotypic factors. This review provides an overview of the immunotherapeutic strategies being pursued to improve the efficacy of mAb-induced NK antitumor activity. The exploitation of antibody combinations, antibody-based molecules, used alone or combined with adoptive NK cell therapy, will be uncovered. Within the landscape of NK cell heterogeneity, we stress the role of memory NK cells as promising effectors in the next generation of immunotherapy with the aim to obtain long-lasting tumor control. Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells hold a pivotal role in tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based activity due to the expression of CD16, the low-affinity receptor for IgG. Indeed, beyond exerting cytotoxic function, activated NK cells also produce an array of cytokines and chemokines, through which they interface with and potentiate adaptive immune responses. Thus, CD16-activated NK cells can concur to mAb-dependent “vaccinal effect”, i.e., the development of antigen-specific responses, which may be highly relevant in maintaining long-term protection of treated patients. On this basis, the review will focus on strategies aimed at potentiating NK cell-mediated antitumor functions in tumor-targeting mAb-based regimens, represented by (a) mAb manipulation strategies, aimed at augmenting recruitment and efficacy of NK cells, such as Fc-engineering, and the design of bi- or trispecific NK cell engagers and (b) the possible exploitation of memory NK cells, whose distinctive characteristics (enhanced responsiveness to CD16 engagement, longevity, and intrinsic resistance to the immunosuppressive microenvironment) may maximize therapeutic mAb antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
| | - Simone Battella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- ReiThera Srl, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide De Federicis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ricciarda Galandrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Palmieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (G.P.)
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7
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Mihăilă RG. Monoclonal Antibodies, Bispecific Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Oncohematology. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 15:272-292. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200925120717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The therapeutic outcomes and the prognosis of patients with various hematologic
malignancies are not always ideal with the current standard of care.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to analyze the results of the use of monoclonal antibodies, bispecific
antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates for the therapy of malignant hemopathies.
Methods:
A mini-review was achieved using the articles published in Web of Science and PubMed
between January 2017 and January 2020 and the new patents were made in this field.
Results:
Naked monoclonal antibodies have improved the therapeutic results obtained with standard
of care, but they also have side effects and the use of some of them can lead to the loss of the
target antigen through trogocytosis, which explains the resistance that occurs during therapy. The
results obtained with naked monoclonal antibodies have been improved by a better monoclonal
antibody preparation, the use of bispecific antibodies (against two antigens on the target cell surface
or by binding both surface antigen on target cells and T-cell receptor complex, followed by cytotoxic
T-lymphocytes activation and subsequent cytolysis of the target cell), the use of monoclonal
or bispecific constructs in frontline regimens, combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy, including
through the use of antibody-drug conjugates (which provides a targeted release of a chemotherapeutic
agent).
Conclusion:
Immunotherapy and immuno-chemotherapy have improved the outcome of the patients
with malignant hemopathies through a targeted, personalized therapy, with reduced systemic
toxicity, which in some cases can even induce deep complete remissions, including minimal residual
disease negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo G. Mihăilă
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Hematology Department, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Sibiu 550169, Romania
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Tiburcius S, Krishnan K, Yang JH, Hashemi F, Singh G, Radhakrishnan D, Trinh HT, Verrills NM, Karakoti A, Vinu A. Silica-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Prostate Cancer Treatment. CHEM REC 2020; 21:1535-1568. [PMID: 33320438 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and is the fifth common cause of cancer-related mortality in men. Current methods for PCa treatment are insufficient owing to the challenges related to the non-specificity, instability and side effects caused by the drugs and therapy agents. These drawbacks can be mitigated by the design of a suitable drug delivery system that can ensure targeted delivery and minimise side effects. Silica based nanoparticles (SBNPs) have emerged as one of the most versatile materials for drug delivery due to their tunable porosities, high surface area and tremendous capacity to load various sizes and chemistry of drugs. This review gives a brief overview of the diagnosis and current treatment strategies for PCa outlining their existing challenges. It critically analyzes the design, development and application of pure, modified and hybrid SBNPs based drug delivery systems in the treatment of PCa, their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Tiburcius
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Kannan Krishnan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Jae-Hun Yang
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Fatemeh Hashemi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Deepika Radhakrishnan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Hoang Trung Trinh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Ajay Karakoti
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
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The Role of Complement in the Mechanism of Action of Therapeutic Anti-Cancer mAbs. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040058. [PMID: 33126570 PMCID: PMC7709112 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unconjugated anti-cancer IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) activate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by natural killer (NK) cells and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages, and these activities are thought to be important mechanisms of action for many of these mAbs in vivo. Several mAbs also activate the classical complement pathway and promote complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), although with very different levels of efficacy, depending on the mAb, the target antigen, and the tumor type. Recent studies have unraveled the various structural factors that define why some IgG1 mAbs are strong mediators of CDC, whereas others are not. The role of complement activation and membrane inhibitors expressed by tumor cells, most notably CD55 and CD59, has also been quite extensively studied, but how much these affect the resistance of tumors in vivo to IgG1 therapeutic mAbs still remains incompletely understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that complement activation has multiple effects beyond target cell lysis, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity mediated by soluble complement fragments, such as C3a and C5a, and by stimulating complement receptors expressed by immune cells, including NK cells, neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells. Complement activation can enhance ADCC and ADCP and may contribute to the vaccine effect of mAbs. These different aspects of complement are also briefly reviewed in the specific context of FDA-approved therapeutic anti-cancer IgG1 mAbs.
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Golay J, Andrea AE. Combined Anti-Cancer Strategies Based on Anti-Checkpoint Inhibitor Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E17. [PMID: 32443877 PMCID: PMC7345008 DOI: 10.3390/antib9020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer came of age in 1997, with the approval of anti-CD20 Rituximab. Since then, a wide variety of antibodies have been developed with many different formats and mechanisms of action. Among these, antibodies blocking immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the field, based on the novelty of their concept and their demonstrated efficacy in several types of cancer otherwise lacking effective immunotherapy approaches. ICI are expressed by tumor, stromal or immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment, and negatively regulate anti-tumor immunity. Antibodies against the first discovered ICI, CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1, have shown significant activity in phase III studies against melanoma and other solid cancers, alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, not all cancers and not all patients respond to these drugs. Therefore, novel antibodies targeting additional ICI are currently being developed. In addition, CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 blocking antibodies are being combined with each other or with other antibodies targeting novel ICI, immunostimulatory molecules, tumor antigens, angiogenic factors, complement receptors, or with T cell engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAb), with the aim of obtaining synergistic effects with minimal toxicity. In this review, we summarize the biological aspects behind such combinations and review some of the most important clinical data on ICI-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy “G. Lanzani”, UOC Ematologia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alain E. Andrea
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Thérapies Moléculaires, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Saint Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut 1100, Lebanon;
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11
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Bauer D, Mazzio E, Soliman KFA. Whole Transcriptomic Analysis of Apigenin on TNFα Immuno-activated MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 16:421-431. [PMID: 31659097 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer is categorized by a lack of hormone receptors, inefficacy of anti-estrogen or aromatase inhibitor chemotherapies and greater mortality rates in African American populations. Advanced-stage breast tumors have a high concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) throughout the tumor/stroma milieu, prompting sustained release of diverse chemokines (i.e. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)/CCL5). These potent chemokines can subsequently direct mass infiltration of leukocyte sub-populations to lodge within the tumor, triggering a loss of tumor immune surveillance and subsequent rapid tumor growth. Previously, we demonstrated that in the MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell line, TNFα evoked a rise in immune signaling proteins: CCL2, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)1α, IL6 and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKε) all of which were attenuated by apigenin, a dietary flavonoid found in chamomile and parsley. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present work elucidates changes evoked by TNFα in the presence or absence of apigenin by examining the entire transcriptome for mRNA and long intergenic non-coding RNA with Affymetrix Hugene-2.1_ST human microarrays. Differential gene-expression analysis was conducted on 48,226 genes. RESULTS TNFα caused up-regulation of 75 genes and down-regulation of 10. Of these, apigenin effectively down-regulated 35 of the 75 genes which were up-regulated by TNFα. These findings confirm our previous work, specifically for the TNFα-evoked spike in IL1A vs. untreated controls [+21-fold change (FC), p<0.0001] being attenuated by apigenin in the presence of TNFa (-15 FC vs. TNFα, p<0.0001). Similar trends were seen for apigenin-mediated down-regulation of TNFα-up-regulated transcripts: IKBKE (TNFα: 4.55 FC vs. control, p<0.001; and TNFα plus apigenin: -4.92 FC, p<0.001), CCL2 (2.19 FC, p<0.002; and -2.12 FC, p<0.003), IL6 (3.25 FC, p<0.020; and -2.85 FC, p<0.043) and CSF2 (TNFα +6.04 FC, p<0.001; and -2.36 FC, p<0.007). In addition, these data further establish more than a 65% reduction by apigenin for the following transcripts which were also up-regulated by TNFα: cathepsin S (CTSS), complement C3 (C3), laminin subunit gamma 2 (LAMC2), (TLR2), toll-like receptor 2 G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member B (GPRC5B), contactin-associated protein 1 (CNTNAP1), claudin 1 (CLDN1), nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2 (NFATC2), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), CXCL11, interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3), nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2), interleukin 32 (IL32), IL24, slit guidance ligand 2 (SLIT2), transmembrane protein 132A (TMEM132A), TMEM171, signal transducing adaptor family member 2 (STAP2), mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), BMP-binding endothelial regulator (BMPER), and kelch-like family member 36 (KLHL36). CONCLUSION There is a possible therapeutic role for apigenin in down-regulating diverse genes associated with tumorigenic leukocyte sub-population infiltration by triple-negative breast cancer. The data have been deposited into the Gene Expression Omnibus for public analysis at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE120550.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bauer
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
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Reis ES, Mastellos DC, Ricklin D, Mantovani A, Lambris JD. Complement in cancer: untangling an intricate relationship. Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 18:5-18. [PMID: 28920587 PMCID: PMC5816344 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In tumour immunology, complement has traditionally been considered as an adjunctive component that enhances the cytolytic effects of antibody-based immunotherapies, such as rituximab. Remarkably, research in the past decade has uncovered novel molecular mechanisms linking imbalanced complement activation in the tumour microenvironment with inflammation and suppression of antitumour immune responses. These findings have prompted new interest in manipulating the complement system for cancer therapy. This Review summarizes our current understanding of complement-mediated effector functions in the tumour microenvironment, focusing on how complement activation can act as a negative or positive regulator of tumorigenesis. It also offers insight into clinical aspects, including the feasibility of using complement biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and the use of complement inhibitors during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas University, Rozzano-Milan 20089, Italy
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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