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Yang D, Wang X, Sun Y, Shao Y, Shi X. Identification and experimental validation of genes associated with programmed cell death in dendritic cells of the thyroid tissue in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113083. [PMID: 39260305 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune disorder. As antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells(DCs) play a pivotal role in inducing programmed cell death (PCD) types, contributing to immune disorders. This study aimed to identify genes associated with multiple PCD pathways in dendritic cells within the thyroid tissue of patients with HT. METHODS ce single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset HRA001684 was obtained from the National Genomics Data Center (NGDC) to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) scores for PCD-related genes. Additionally, mRNA sequencing datasets GSE138198 and HRA001684 were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) and NGDC, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing normal and HT groups in GSE138198 and HRA001684. The intersection of these DEGs with PCD-related genes led to the identification of 17 PCD-related DEGs(PCDDEGs). RESULTS AUC scores revealed that DCs in HT exhibited significantly elevated levels of necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and PANoptosis, expressing six key PCDDEGs: TNFAIP3, CYBB, PTPN6, STAT1, TGFB1, and NLRP3. These genes displayed an AUC>0.8 for HT in the GSE29315, GSE138198, and HRA001684 datasets, confirming their diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, their expression was positively correlated with the serum levels of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, while the expression of all PCDDEGs was negatively correlated with the abundance of thyroid follicular epithelial cells. qRT-PCR, WB, IHC, and IF experiments further confirmed the differences in PCDDEGs gene and protein levels in HT patients. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the crucial role of DCs in mediating PCD within the thyroid tissues of HT patients. The identified PCDDEGs-TNFAIP3, CYBB, PTPN6, STAT1, TGFB1, and NLRP3-may significantly contribute to HT pathogenesis through PCD pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Yang
- Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Xichang Wang
- Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Ying Shao
- Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China.
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Su QY, Li HC, Jiang XJ, Jiang ZQ, Zhang Y, Zhang HY, Zhang SX. Exploring the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cell in rheumatoid arthritis: Insights into subsets, markers, and signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116440. [PMID: 38518605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by an imbalance between immunological reactivity and immune tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which play a crucial role in controlling ongoing autoimmunity and maintaining peripheral tolerance, have shown great potential for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as RA. This review aims to provide an updated summary of the latest insights into Treg-targeting techniques in RA. We focus on current therapeutic strategies for targeting Tregs based on discussing their subsets, surface markers, suppressive function, and signaling pathways in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yi Su
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Rheumatology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huan-Cheng Li
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Jiang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhong-Qing Jiang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - He-Yi Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Rheumatology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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3
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Hegarty R, Hadžić N. Genomic testing for inborn errors of immunity in seronegative autoimmune hepatitis of childhood. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)00289-7. [PMID: 38679070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hegarty
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nedim Hadžić
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang F, Zhang L. A20 haploinsufficiency in a neonate caused by a large deletion on chromosome 6q. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024; 22:12. [PMID: 38183052 PMCID: PMC10770963 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) is a rare monogenic disease caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) gene located on chromosome 6q23.3. The majority of disease-causing mutations in most cases of HA20 comprise single nucleotide variations, small insertions, or deletions in TNFAIP3, which result in a premature termination codon and subsequent disruption of its anti-inflammatory role. Large deletions have been reported sporadically. HA20 patients may present with a variety of autoinflammatory and autoimmune features during early childhood; however, cases with neonatal onset are rare. Here, we describe a Chinese neonate presenting with concomitant inflammatory and other syndromic manifestations caused by a 5.15 Mb interstitial deletion in chromosome 6; these deletions affect TNFAIP3. Taken together, the data extend the clinical and genetic spectra of HA20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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5
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Guo J, Han S, Chen Q, Wang T, Yu B, Zhou J, Qiu T. Analysis of potential immune-related genes involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury following liver transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126497. [PMID: 37006305 PMCID: PMC10060527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an unavoidable pathological process that occurs after liver transplantation. However, the immune-related molecular mechanism still remains unclear. This study aims to further explore the biological mechanisms of immune-related genes in hepatic I/R injury.MethodsGene microarray data was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) expression profile database and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were taken for intersection. After identifying common DEGs, functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and modular construction were performed. The immune-related hub genes were obtained, which their upstream transcription factors and non-RNAs were predicted. Validation of the hub genes expression and immune infiltration were performed in a mouse model of hepatic I/R injury.ResultsA total of 71 common DEGs were obtained from three datasets (GSE12720, GSE14951, GSE15480). The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that immune and inflammatory response played an important role in hepatic I/R injury. Finally, 9 immune-related hub genes were identified by intersecting cytoHubba with immune-related genes, including SOCS3, JUND, CCL4, NFKBIA, CXCL8, ICAM1, IRF1, TNFAIP3, and JUN.ConclusionOur study revealed the importance of the immune and inflammatory response in I/R injury following liver transplantation and provided new insights into the therapeutic of hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shangting Han
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangqiao Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangqiao Zhou, ; Tao Qiu,
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangqiao Zhou, ; Tao Qiu,
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Li YJ, Chen Z. Cell-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: opportunities and challenges. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221100294. [PMID: 35634355 PMCID: PMC9131381 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by chronic synovitis that hardly resolves spontaneously. The current treatment of RA consists of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs), biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs. Although the treat-to-target strategy has been intensively applied in the past decade, clinical unmet needs still exist since a substantial proportion of patients are refractory or even develop severe adverse effects to current therapies. In recent years, with the deeper understanding of immunopathogenesis of the disease, cell-based therapies have exhibited effective and promising interventions to RA. Several cell-based therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Treg), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy as well as their beneficial effects have been documented and verified so far. In this review, we summarize the current evidence and discuss the prospect as well as challenges for these three types of cellular therapies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Second Clinical Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Tonglin H, Yanna Z, Xiaoling Y, Ruilan G, Liming Y. Single-Cell RNA-Seq of Bone Marrow Cells in Aplastic Anemia. Front Genet 2022; 12:745483. [PMID: 35046994 PMCID: PMC8762313 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.745483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by peripheral blood pancytopenia and bone marrow failure. Recently, a research study verified bone marrow failure of AA patients resulting from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) attack by active T cells. Nonetheless, whether B cells, as one of the important immune cells, destruct the hematopoiesis is still unclear. Here, a large-scale single-cell transcriptomic sequencing of 20,000 bone marrow cells from AA patients and healthy donors was performed. A total of 17 clusters and differentially expressed genes were identified in each cluster relative to other clusters, which were considered potential marker genes in each cluster. The top differentially expressed genes in HSPCs (S100A8, RETN, and TNFAIP3), monocytes (CXCL8, JUN, and IL1B), and neutrophils and granulocytes (CXCL8, NFKBIA, and MT-CYB) were related to immune and inflammatory injury. Then, the B-cell receptor (BCR) diversities and pairing frequencies of V and J genes were analyzed. The highest pairing frequencies in AA patients were IGHV3-20-IGKJ2, IGHV3-20-IGKJ4, and IGHV3-20-IGHLJ2. Meanwhile, there were 3 V genes, including IGHV3-7, IGHV3-33, and IGLV2-11, with elevated expression in B cells from AA patients. Cell type-specific ligand-receptor was further identified in B-cell interaction with hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. The changed ligand-receptor pairs involved antigen presentation, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation of B cells. These data showed the transcriptomic landscape of hematopoiesis in AA at single-cell resolution, providing new insights into hematopoiesis failure related with aberrance of B cells, and provide available targets of treatment for AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Tonglin
- Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Yanna
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xiaoling
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Ruilan
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Liming
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Yang F, Fan X, Liu Y, Shen Y, Zhao S, Zheng Y, Men R, Xie Y, Yang L. Long Noncoding RNA and Circular RNA Expression Profiles of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:792138. [PMID: 34938195 PMCID: PMC8685411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.792138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease caused by disruption of liver immune homeostasis. The effect of dendritic cells (DCs) on the pathogenesis of AIH is not fully understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play critical roles in the regulation of cell function. In this study, we analyzed the immunophenotypic characteristics of DCs in the peripheral blood. The percentage of mature DCs was higher in AIH patients than in healthy controls (HCs), and the proportion of mature DCs decreased after treatment. We isolated monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) from the peripheral blood, obtained whole RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data for the moDCs from the two groups, and identified differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. In addition, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses for the DE mRNAs and constructed competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. ENST00000543334, hsa_circ_0000279, and hsa_circ_0005076 were selected and validated by RT-qPCR. These results provide a possible molecular mechanism of DCs in the pathogenesis of AIH and identify some potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyi Zheng
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoting Men
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Barnabei L, Laplantine E, Mbongo W, Rieux-Laucat F, Weil R. NF-κB: At the Borders of Autoimmunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716469. [PMID: 34434197 PMCID: PMC8381650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory response. In the first part of this review, we discuss the NF-κB inducers, signaling pathways, and regulators involved in immune homeostasis as well as detail the importance of post-translational regulation by ubiquitination in NF-κB function. We also indicate the stages of central and peripheral tolerance where NF-κB plays a fundamental role. With respect to central tolerance, we detail how NF-κB regulates medullary thymic epithelial cell (mTEC) development, homeostasis, and function. Moreover, we elaborate on its role in the migration of double-positive (DP) thymocytes from the thymic cortex to the medulla. With respect to peripheral tolerance, we outline how NF-κB contributes to the inactivation and destruction of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes as well as the differentiation of CD4+-T cell subsets that are implicated in immune tolerance. In the latter half of the review, we describe the contribution of NF-κB to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and autoinflammation. The recent discovery of mutations involving components of the pathway has both deepened our understanding of autoimmune disease and informed new therapeutic approaches to treat these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barnabei
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
| | - William Mbongo
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Robert Weil
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
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Abstract
Based on the PubMed data, we have been performing a yearly evaluation of the publications related to autoimmune diseases and immunology to ascertain the relative weight of the former in the scientific literature. It is particularly intriguing to observe that despite the numerous new avenues of immune-related mechanisms, such as cancer immunotherapy, the proportion of immunology manuscripts related to autoimmunity continues to increase and has been approaching 20% in 2019. As in the previous 13 years, we performed an arbitrary selection of the peer-reviewed articles published by the major dedicated Journals and discussed the common themes which continue to outnumber peculiarites in autoimmune diseases. The investigated areas included systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), autoantibodies (autoAbs), and common therapeutic avenues and novel pathogenic mechanisms for autoimmune conditions. Some examples include new pathogenetic evidence which is well represented by IL21 or P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in SLE or the application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), mass cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and flow cytometry for the analysis of different cellular populations in RA. Cumulatively and of interest to the clinicians, a large number of findings continue to underline the importance of a strict relationship between basic and clinical science to define new pathogenetic and therapeutic developments. The therapeutic pipeline in autoimmunity continues to grow and maintain a constant flow of new molecules, as well illustrated in RA and PsA, and this is most certainly derived from the new basic evidence and the high-throughput tools applied to autoimmune diseases.
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Li H, Wang C, Li X, Kong Y, Sun W. A20 deficiency in myeloid cells deteriorates the onset of vitiligo in mice. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14923. [PMID: 33651436 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte-specific CD8+ T cells enrichment correlates with the severity of vitiligo, and the role of A20 derived from myeloid cells in the enrichment of pathogenic T cells is unknown. Premelanosome (PMEL)-specific transgenic CD8+ T cells were adoptive transferred into Krt14-Kitl* mice to construct the vitiligo model, which was further mated with A20MKO mice and IKK2fl/fl mice. Bone marrow cells were stimulated with 30% L929 cell-conditioned medium, Fc-human tumor necrosis factor, and lipopolysaccharides to induce bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The relative expression of CCL2, CCL5, and IL12A was detected with real-time PCR, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) related molecules were detected with Western blots. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was utilized to assay the percent of innate and adaptive immune cells in the spleen and bone marrow, and CD45+ T in the skin. Down-regulated A20 was detected in the skin biopsies of vitiligo patients. A20 deficiency did not affect the development of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. A20 negatively regulated the induction of proinflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, and IL12A) and NFκB-related molecule expression in BMDMs, which could be blocked by NFκB knockout. It further revealed that A20 negatively regulated the onset of vitiligo in mice with diminished CD45+ cells enrichment, which could also be reversed by NFκB knockout. A20 deficiency in myeloid cells could deteriorate the onset of vitiligo in mice, and A20 can be considered as a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Congpin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghui Kong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiguo Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
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Koudstaal T, van Hulst JAC, Das T, Neys SFH, Merkus D, Bergen IM, de Raaf MA, Bogaard HJ, Boon L, van Loo G, Aerts JGJV, Boomars KA, Kool M, Hendriks RW. DNGR1-Cre-mediated Deletion of Tnfaip3/A20 in Conventional Dendritic Cells Induces Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:665-680. [PMID: 32755457 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0443oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic perivascular inflammation is a prominent feature in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although the proportions of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs are increased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension lungs, it remains unknown whether activated cDCs play a pathogenic role. The Tnfaip3 gene encodes the ubiquitin-binding protein A20, which is a negative regulator of NF-κB, critically involved in DC activation. Targeting of Tnfaip3/A20 in cDCs was achieved by Clec9a (DNGR1)-Cre-mediated excision of the Tnfaip3 gene in Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice. Mice were evaluated for signs of pulmonary hypertension (PH) using right heart catheterization, echocardiography, and measurement of the Fulton index. Inflammation was assessed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Pulmonary cDCs and monocyte-derived DCs from 31-week-old Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice showed modulated expression of cell surface activation markers compared with Tnfaip3DNGR1-WT mice. Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice developed elevated right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. The lungs of these mice displayed increased vascular remodeling and perivascular and peribronchial immune cell infiltration resembling tertiary lymphoid organs. Proportions of activated T cells and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were enhanced in the lungs of Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice. Autoreactive IgA and IgG1 was detected in BAL and autoreactive IgA recognizing pulmonary endothelial antigens was present in the serum of Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice. All signs of PH were ameliorated in Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice by anti-IL-6 antibody treatment. These results indicate that activation of the NF-κB pathway in DCs, through deletion of A20/Tnfaip3, leads to experimental PH with accompanied pulmonary inflammation in an IL-6-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michiel A de Raaf
- Department of Neonatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; and.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Guignabert C. Dendritic Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension: Foot Soldiers or Hidden Enemies? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:551-552. [PMID: 32804536 PMCID: PMC7605161 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0330ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Guignabert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France, and.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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Schnappauf O, Aksentijevich I. Mendelian diseases of dysregulated canonical NF-κB signaling: From immunodeficiency to inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:573-589. [PMID: 32678922 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0520-166r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a master transcription factor that activates the expression of target genes in response to various stimulatory signals. Activated NF-κB mediates a plethora of diverse functions including innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammation, cell proliferation, and NF-κB is regulated through interactions with IκB inhibitory proteins, which are in turn regulated by the inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) complex. Together, these 3 components form the core of the NF-κB signalosomes that have cell-specific functions which are dependent on the interactions with other signaling molecules and pathways. The activity of NF-κB pathway is also regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitination by Lys63, Met1, and Lys48 ubiquitin chains. The physiologic role of NF-κB is best studied in the immune system due to discovery of many human diseases caused by pathogenic variants in various proteins that constitute the NF-κB pathway. These disease-causing variants can act either as gain-of-function (GoF) or loss-of-function (LoF) and depending on the function of mutated protein, can cause either immunodeficiency or systemic inflammation. Typically, pathogenic missense variants act as GoF and they lead to increased activity in the pathway. LoF variants can be inherited as recessive or dominant alleles and can cause either a decrease or an increase in pathway activity. Dominantly inherited LoF variants often result in haploinsufficiency of inhibitory proteins. Here, we review human Mendelian immunologic diseases, which results from mutations in different molecules in the canonical NF-κB pathway and surprisingly present with a continuum of clinical features including immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schnappauf
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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