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Lu J, Gu X, Xue C, Shi Q, Jia J, Cheng J, Zeng Y, Chu Q, Yuan X, Bao Z, Li L. Glycyrrhizic acid alleviates concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury by regulating monocyte-derived macrophages. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155586. [PMID: 39159503 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by persistent liver inflammation induced by aberrant immune responses. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a prominent bioactive ingredient of licorice, has shown potential as a safe and effective treatment for AIH. However, the immune regulatory mechanism by which GA exerts its therapeutic effect on AIH remains elusive. In this study, we found that GA intervention significantly alleviated ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice. Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) analysis revealed that GA increased the abundance of anti-inflammatory F4/80loCD11bhiMHCIIhi MoMF-1 and decreased the abundance of pro-inflammatory F4/80loCD11bhiiNOShi MoMF-3. Multiplex immunofluorescence demonstrated the infiltration of MoMFs in liver tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis indicated that GA facilitated the immune activation in MoMFs, regulated gene expression of diverse cytokines secreted by MoMFs, and played a role in shaping the immune microenvironment. By integrating the results of CyTOF with scRNA-seq, our study comprehensively elucidates the immune landscape of ConA-induced liver injury following GA intervention, advancing the understanding of GA's mechanism of action. However, it is important to note that some single-cell data in this study remain raw and require further processing and annotation. Our findings suggest that GA alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury by regulating the function of MoMFs, opening potential avenues for AIH treatment and management, and providing a theoretical basis for the design of novel MoMFs-centered immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinlin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Li X, Hong L, Ru M, Cai R, Meng Y, Wang B, Diao H, Li L, Wu Z. S100A8/A9-activated IFNγ + NK cells trigger β-cell necroptosis in hepatitis B virus-associated liver cirrhosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:345. [PMID: 39133305 PMCID: PMC11335268 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated liver cirrhosis (LC), a common condition with high incidence and mortality rates, is often associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying impaired glucose regulation during HBV-associated LC remain unclear. METHODS Data from 63 patients with LC and 62 patients with LC-associated DM were analysed. Co-culture of NK cells and islet β cell lines were used to study the glucose regulation mechanism. A mouse model of LC was used to verify the effect of S100A8/A9 on the glucose regulation. RESULTS Higher levels of interferon (IFN)-γ derived from natural killer (NK) cells and lower levels of insulin emerged in the peripheral blood of patients with both LC and DM compared with those from patients with LC only. IFN-γ derived from NK cells facilitated β cell necroptosis and impaired insulin production. Furthermore, S100A8/A9 elevation in patients with both LC and DM was found to upregulate IFN-γ production in NK cells. Consistently, in the mouse model for LC, mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) and S100A8/A9 exhibited increased blood glucose, impaired insulin production, increased IFN-γ, and increased β cells necroptosis compared with those treated with CCL4. Mechanistically, S100A8/A9 activated the p38 MAPK pathway to increase IFN-γ production in NK cells. These effects were diminished after blocking RAGE. CONCLUSION Together, the data indicate that IFN-γ produced by NK cells induces β cell necroptosis via the S100A8/A9-RAGE-p38 MAPK axis in patients with LC and DM. Reduced levels of S100A8/A9, NK cells, and IFN-γ could be valuable for the treatment of LC with DM. Accumulation of S100A8/A9 in patients with LC may indicate the emergence of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - MingHui Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Meng Y, Shu Z, Wang X, Hong L, Wang B, Jiang J, He K, Cao Q, Shi F, Wang H, Gong L, Diao H. Hepatitis B Virus-Mediated m6A Demethylation Increases Hepatocellular Carcinoma Stemness and Immune Escape. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:642-655. [PMID: 38546386 PMCID: PMC11217737 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B viral (HBV) persistent infection plays a significant role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis. Many studies have revealed the pivotal roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in multiple cancers, while the regulatory mechanism in stemness maintenance of HBV persistent infection-related HCC remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the level of m6A modification was downregulated by HBV in HBV-positive HCC, through enhanced stability of ALKBH5 mRNA. More specifically, we also identified that ALKBH5 mRNA was functionally required for the stemness maintenance and self-renewal in the HBV-positive HCC, but dispensable in HBV-negative HCC. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 demethylated the m6A modification in the 3' untranslated region of the oncogenic gene SNAI2 to prevent the recognition of YTHDF2 therewith stabilize SNAI2 transcripts, contributing to cancer stem cell traits in HBV-positive HCC. Moreover, the expression of SNAI2 reversed the suppression of stemness properties by knocking down ALKBH5. In addition, ALKBH5/SNAI2 axis accelerates tumor immune evasion through activated ligand of immune checkpoint CD155. Our study unveiled that the ALKBH5 induces m6A demethylation of the SNAI2 as a key regulator in HBV-related HCC, and identifies the function of ALKBH5/SNAI2/YTHDF2 axis in promoting the stem-like cells phenotype and immune escape during HBV infection. IMPLICATIONS HBV promotes HCC stemness maintenance through elevate m6A modification of SNAI2 in an ALKBH5-YTHDF2-dependent manner and increases the expression of the ligand of immune checkpoint CD155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zheyue Shu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xueyao Wang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Liang Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Kangxin He
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qingyi Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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4
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Shi F, Jiang J, Wang B, Hong L, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Zhang X, Gong L, Lin J, Diao H. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes tumor glycolysis by downregulating lncRNA OIP5-AS1/HKDC1 in HCC. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111183. [PMID: 38636768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection being the leading cause. This study aims to investigate the role of HBV in HCC pathogenesis involving glucose metabolism. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) OIP5-AS1 was significantly downregulated in HBV-positive HCC patients, and its low expression indicated a poor prognosis. This lncRNA was primarily localized in the cytoplasm, acting as a tumor suppressor. HBV protein X (HBx) repressed OIP5-AS1 expression by inhibiting a ligand-activated transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Furthermore, mechanistic studies revealed that OIP5-AS1 inhibited tumor growth by suppressing Hexokinase domain component 1 (HKDC1)-mediated glycolysis. The expression of HKDC1 could be enhanced by transcriptional factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). OIP5-AS1 facilitated the ubiquitination and degradation of SREBP1 to suppress HKDC1 transcription, which inhibited glycolysis. The results suggest that lncRNA OIP5-AS1 plays an anti-oncogenic role in HBV-positive HCC via the HBx/OIP5-AS1/HKDC1 axis, providing a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for HBV-positive HCC patients.
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MESH Headings
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Humans
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Glycolysis/genetics
- Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Hexokinase/metabolism
- Hexokinase/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Animals
- Hepatitis B virus
- Male
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Female
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/genetics
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- PPAR alpha/metabolism
- PPAR alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Liang Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Yongting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Yuting Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jianjun Lin
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China.
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5
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Qian Z, Xiong W, Mao X, Li J. Macrophage Perspectives in Liver Diseases: Programmed Death, Related Biomarkers, and Targeted Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:700. [PMID: 38927103 PMCID: PMC11202214 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, as important immune cells of the organism, are involved in maintaining intrahepatic microenvironmental homeostasis and can undergo rapid phenotypic changes in the injured or recovering liver. In recent years, the crucial role of macrophage-programmed cell death in the development and regression of liver diseases has become a research hotspot. Moreover, macrophage-targeted therapeutic strategies are emerging in both preclinical and clinical studies. Given the macrophages' vital role in complex organismal environments, there is tremendous academic interest in developing novel therapeutic strategies that target these cells. This review provides an overview of the characteristics and interactions between macrophage polarization, programmed cell death, related biomarkers, and macrophage-targeted therapies. It aims to deepen the understanding of macrophage immunomodulation and molecular mechanisms and to provide a basis for the treatment of macrophage-associated liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibing Qian
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.Q.); (W.X.)
| | - Wanyuan Xiong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.Q.); (W.X.)
| | - Xiaorong Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.Q.); (W.X.)
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.Q.); (W.X.)
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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Luo M, Zhao F, Cheng H, Su M, Wang Y. Macrophage polarization: an important role in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352946. [PMID: 38660308 PMCID: PMC11039887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial cells in the human body's innate immunity and are engaged in a variety of non-inflammatory reactions. Macrophages can develop into two kinds when stimulated by distinct internal environments: pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. During inflammation, the two kinds of macrophages are activated alternatively, and maintaining a reasonably steady ratio is critical for maintaining homeostasis in vivo. M1 macrophages can induce inflammation, but M2 macrophages suppress it. The imbalance between the two kinds of macrophages will have a significant impact on the illness process. As a result, there are an increasing number of research being conducted on relieving or curing illnesses by altering the amount of macrophages. This review summarizes the role of macrophage polarization in various inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases (RA, EAE, MS, AIH, IBD, CD), allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, allergic asthma), atherosclerosis, obesity and type 2 diabetes, metabolic homeostasis, and the compounds or drugs that have been discovered or applied to the treatment of these diseases by targeting macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuanmin Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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7
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Liu Z, Sun M, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, Jin C, Zhang Y, Wang J. Deficiency of purinergic P2X4 receptor alleviates experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116033. [PMID: 38301964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Purinergic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties in infection, inflammation, and organ damage including liver regeneration and fibrosis. However, the mechanisms and pathophysiology associated with P2X4R during acute liver injury remain unknown. We used P2X4R-/- mice to explore the role of P2X4R in three different models of acute liver injury caused by concanavalin A (ConA), carbon tetrachloride, and acetaminophen. ConA treatment results in an increased expression of P2X4R in the liver of mice, which was positively correlated with higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the serum. However, P2X4R gene ablation significantly reduced the severity of acute hepatitis in mice caused by ConA, but not by carbon tetrachloride or acetaminophen. The protective benefits against immune-mediated acute hepatitis were achieved via modulating inflammation (Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase), apoptosis markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3), autophagy biomarkers (LC3, Beclin-1, and p62), and nucleotide oligomerization domain-likereceptorprotein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome-activated pyroptosis markers (NLRP3, Gasdermin D, Caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β). Additionally, administration of P2X4R antagonist (5-BDBD) or agonist (cytidine 5'-triphosphate) either improved or worsened ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis, respectively. This study is the first to reveal that the absence of the P2X4 receptor may mitigate immune-mediated liver damage, potentially by restraining inflammation, oxidation, and programmed cell death mechanisms. And highlight P2X4 receptor is essential for ConA-induced acute hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejin Liu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Mengyang Sun
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Fangyu Feng
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Chaolei Jin
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
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8
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Xie Y, Zhao G, Lei X, Cui N, Wang H. Advances in the regulatory mechanisms of mTOR in necroptosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297408. [PMID: 38164133 PMCID: PMC10757967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an evolutionarily highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, plays a prominent role in controlling gene expression, metabolism, and cell death. Programmed cell death (PCD) is indispensable for maintaining homeostasis by removing senescent, defective, or malignant cells. Necroptosis, a type of PCD, relies on the interplay between receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinases (RIPKs) and the membrane perforation by mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), which is distinguished from apoptosis. With the development of necroptosis-regulating mechanisms, the importance of mTOR in the complex network of intersecting signaling pathways that govern the process has become more evident. mTOR is directly responsible for the regulation of RIPKs. Autophagy is an indirect mechanism by which mTOR regulates the removal and interaction of RIPKs. Another necroptosis trigger is reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by oxidative stress; mTOR regulates necroptosis by exploiting ROS. Considering the intricacy of the signal network, it is reasonable to assume that mTOR exerts a bifacial effect on necroptosis. However, additional research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms underlying mTOR activation and necroptosis and highlighted the signaling pathway through which mTOR regulates necroptosis. The development of therapeutic targets for various diseases has been greatly advanced by the expanding knowledge of how mTOR regulates necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyu Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianli Lei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Hong L, Li X, Li Y, Zhang X, Jiang J, Shi F, Diao H. M1 macrophage-derived exosomes promote autoimmune liver injury by transferring long noncoding RNA H19 to hepatocytes. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e303. [PMID: 37398637 PMCID: PMC10310975 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes mediate intercellular communication by transmitting active molecules. The function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in autoimmune liver injury is unclear. Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury is well-characterized immune-mediated hepatitis. Here, we showed that lncRNA H19 expression was increased in the liver after ConA treatment, accompanied by increased exosome secretion. Moreover, injection of AAV-H19 aggravated ConA-induced hepatitis, with an increase in hepatocyte apoptosis. However, GW4869, an exosome inhibitor, alleviated ConA-induced liver injury and inhibited the upregulation of lncRNA H19. Intriguingly, lncRNA H19 expression in the liver was significantly downregulated, after macrophage depletion. Importantly, the lncRNA H19 was primarily expressed in type I macrophage (M1) and encapsulated in M1-derived exosomes. Furthermore, H19 was transported from M1 to hepatocytes via exosomes, and exosomal H19 dramatically induced hepatocytes apoptosis both in vitro and vivo. Mechanistically, H19 upregulated the transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), which accumulated in the cytoplasm and mediated hepatocyte apoptosis by upregulating p53. M1-derived exosomal lncRNA H19 plays a pivotal role in ConA-induced hepatitis through the HIF-1α-p53 signaling pathway. These findings identify M1 macrophage-derived exosomal H19 as a novel target for the treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liang Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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10
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Sun X, Zhang C, Sun F, Li S, Wang Y, Wang T, Li L. IL-33 promotes double negative T cell survival via the NF-κB pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:242. [PMID: 37019882 PMCID: PMC10076344 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-33, which is a crucial modulator of adaptive immune responses far beyond type 2 response, can enhance the function of several T cell subsets and maintain the immune homeostasis. However, the contribution of IL-33 to double negative T (DNT) cell remains unappreciated. Here, we demonstrated that the IL-33 receptor ST2 was expressed on DNT cells, and that IL-33 stimulation increased DNT cells proliferation and survival in vivo and in vitro. Transcriptome sequencing analysis also demonstrated that IL-33 enhanced the biological function of DNT cells, especially effects on proliferation and survival. IL-33 promoted DNT cells survival by regulating Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Survivin expression. IL-33-TRAF4/6-NF-κB axis activation promoted the transmission of essential division and survival signals in DNT cells. However, IL-33 failed to enhance the expression of immunoregulatory molecules in DNT cells. DNT cells therapy combined with IL-33 inhibited T cells survival and further ameliorated ConA-induced liver injury, which mainly depended on the proliferative effect of IL-33 on DNT cells in vivo. Finally, we stimulated human DNT cells with IL-33, and similar results were observed. In conclusion, we revealed a cell intrinsic role of IL-33 in the regulation of DNT cells, thereby identifying a previously unappreciated pathway supporting the expansion of DNT cells in the immune environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Sun
- Department of International Medical Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunpan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanqi Sun
- Capital Medical University Forth Clinical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical On Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Department of International Medical Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of International Medical Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of International Medical Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Heterogeneity of Amino Acid Profiles of Proneural and Mesenchymal Brain-Tumor Initiating Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043199. [PMID: 36834608 PMCID: PMC9962848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly malignant brain tumors that derive from brain-tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) and can be subdivided into several molecular subtypes. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug currently under investigation as a potential antineoplastic agent. The effects of metformin on glucose metabolism have been extensively studied, but there are only few data on amino acid metabolism. We investigated the basic amino acid profiles of proneural and mesenchymal BTICs to explore a potential distinct utilization and biosynthesis in these subgroups. We further measured extracellular amino acid concentrations of different BTICs at baseline and after treatment with metformin. Effects of metformin on apoptosis and autophagy were determined using Western Blot, annexin V/7-AAD FACS-analyses and a vector containing the human LC3B gene fused to green fluorescent protein. The effects of metformin on BTICs were challenged in an orthotopic BTIC model. The investigated proneural BTICs showed increased activity of the serine and glycine pathway, whereas mesenchymal BTICs in our study preferably metabolized aspartate and glutamate. Metformin treatment led to increased autophagy and strong inhibition of carbon flux from glucose to amino acids in all subtypes. However, oral treatment with metformin at tolerable doses did not significantly inhibit tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, we found distinct amino acid profiles of proneural and mesenchymal BTICs, and inhibitory effects of metformin on BTICs in vitro. However, further studies are warranted to better understand potential resistance mechanisms against metformin in vivo.
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