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Dewar EA, Guterstam P, Holland D, Lindman S, Lundbäck P, Brito Dos Santos S, Wang SC, Swartz AR. Improved mRNA affinity chromatography binding capacity and throughput using an oligo-dT immobilized electrospun polymer nanofiber adsorbent. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1717:464670. [PMID: 38310705 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Increased demand for mRNA-based therapeutics and improved in vitro transcription (IVT) yields have challenged the mRNA purification platform. Hybridization-affinity chromatography with an immobilized oligo-deoxythymidilic acid (oligodT) ligand is often used to capture mRNA through base pairing with the polyadenylated tail. Commercially available oligodT matrices include perfusive cross-linked poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) 50 µm POROS™ chromatography resin beads and convective polymethacrylate CIMmultus® monolithic columns consisting of 2 µm interconnected channels. POROS™ columns may be limited by poor mass transfer for larger mRNAs and slow flowrates, while monoliths can operate at higher flowrates but are limited by modest binding capacity. To enable both high flowrates and binding capacity for mRNA of all lengths, prototype chromatography media was developed by Cytiva using oligodT immobilized electrospun cellulose nanofibers (Fibro™) with a 0.3-0.4 µm pore size. In this work, four polyadenylated mRNAs ranging from ∼1900-4300 nucleotides were used to compare the dynamic binding capacity (DBC) of Fibro™, POROS® and CIMmultus® columns as a function of residence time and binding buffer compositions. Fibro™ improved the DBC ∼2-4-fold higher than CIMmultus® and ∼2-13-fold higher than POROS™ across all residence times, mRNA length, and binding matrix compositions tested. CIMmultus® DBC was least dependent on residence time and mRNA size, while both Fibro™ and POROS™ DBC increased at slower flowrates and with shorter mRNA. Surprisingly, inverse size exclusion (ISE) experiments showed that POROS™ was not limited by diffusion and POROS™ along with CIMmultus® demonstrate higher mRNA permeation however the Fibro™ prototype is not in the final configuration. Lastly, IVT reaction products were subjected to purification and oligodT elution product yield, quality, and purity were consistent across the three matrices investigated. These results highlight the benefits of high DBC and equivalent product profiles offered by the oligodT Fibro™ prototype compared to commercially available oligodT media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Dewar
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States.
| | | | - David Holland
- Analytical Research and Development,Merck & Co.,Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sheng-Ching Wang
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | - Andrew R Swartz
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
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2
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Chan YW, Adam SNN, Obeng EM, Ongkudon CM. Fabrication of a homogeneous large-volume polymethacrylate monolith: A thermal mixing approach. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei Chan
- Bioprocess Engineering Research Group; Biotechnology Research Institute; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurul N. Adam
- Bioprocess Engineering Research Group; Biotechnology Research Institute; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
| | - Eugene M. Obeng
- Bioprocess Engineering Research Group; Biotechnology Research Institute; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
| | - Clarence M. Ongkudon
- Bioprocess Engineering Research Group; Biotechnology Research Institute; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
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3
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Vincent D, Kramberger P, Hudej R, Štrancar A, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Velayudhan A. The development of a monolith-based purification process for Orthopoxvirus vaccinia virus Lister strain. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:87-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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4
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Podgornik A, Hamachi M, Isakari Y, Yoshimoto N, Yamamoto S. Effect of pore size on performance of monolithic tube chromatography of large biomolecules. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2892-2899. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ales Podgornik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Center of Excellence; COBIK; Ajdovščina Slovenia
| | - Masataka Hamachi
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
| | - Yu Isakari
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
| | - Noriko Yoshimoto
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
- Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC); Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamamoto
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
- Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC); Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
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5
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Comparison of Membrane Chromatography and Monolith Chromatography for Lactoferrin and Bovine Serum Albumin Separation. Processes (Basel) 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/pr4030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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6
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Wu Y, Abraham D, Carta G. Comparison of perfusion media and monoliths for protein and virus-like particle chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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7
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Improving the downstream processing of vaccine and gene therapy vectors with continuous chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.15.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Nestola P, Villain L, Peixoto C, Martins DL, Alves PM, Carrondo MJ, Mota JP. Impact of grafting on the design of new membrane adsorbers for adenovirus purification. J Biotechnol 2014; 181:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Design of monoliths through their mechanical properties. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1333:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Gerster P, Kopecky EM, Hammerschmidt N, Klausberger M, Krammer F, Grabherr R, Mersich C, Urbas L, Kramberger P, Paril T, Schreiner M, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Jungbauer A. Purification of infective baculoviruses by monoliths. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1290:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Hahn R. Methods for characterization of biochromatography media. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3001-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hahn
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna Austria
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12
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Sousa Â, Sousa F, Queiroz JA. Advances in chromatographic supports for pharmaceutical-grade plasmid DNA purification. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3046-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - João A. Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
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13
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Koku H, Maier RS, Schure MR, Lenhoff AM. Modeling of dispersion in a polymeric chromatographic monolith. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1237:55-63. [PMID: 22465685 PMCID: PMC3327764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dispersion in a commercial polymeric monolith was simulated on a sample geometry obtained by direct imaging using high-resolution electron microscopy. A parallelized random walk algorithm, implemented using a velocity field obtained previously by the lattice-Boltzmann method, was used to model mass transfer. Both point particles and probes of finite size were studied. Dispersion simulations with point particles using periodic boundaries resulted in plate heights that varied almost linearly with flow rate, at odds with the weaker dependence suggested by experimental observations and predicted by theory. This discrepancy resulted from the combined effect of the artificial symmetry in the velocity field and the periodic boundaries implemented to emulate macroscopic column lengths. Eliminating periodicity and simulating a single block length instead resulted in a functional dependence of plate heights on flow rate more in accord with experimental trends and theoretical predictions for random media. The lower values of the simulated plate heights than experimental ones are attributed in part to the presence of walls in real systems, an effect not modeled by the algorithm. On the other hand, analysis of transient dispersion coefficients and comparison of lateral particle positions at the entry and exit hinted at non-asymptotic behavior and a strong degree of correlation that was presumably a consequence of preferential high-velocity pathways in the raw sample block. Simulations with finite-sized probes resulted in particle trajectories that frequently terminated at narrow constrictions of the geometry. The amount of entrapment was predicted to increase monotonically with flow rate, evidently due to the relative contributions to transport by convection that carries particles to choke-points and diffusion that dislodges these entrapped particles. The overall effect is very similar to a flow-dependent entrapment phenomenon previously observed experimentally for adenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Koku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert S. Maier
- Information Technology Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Mark R. Schure
- Theoretical Separation Science Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Abraham M. Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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14
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Gritti F, Guiochon G. Measurement of the eddy dispersion term in chromatographic columns. II. Application to new prototypes of 2.3 and 3.2mm I.D. monolithic silica columns. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1227:82-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Manufacturing of cell culture-derived virus particles for vaccination and gene therapy is a rapidly growing field in the biopharmaceutical industry. The process involves a number of complex tasks and unit operations ranging from selection of host cells and virus strains for the cultivation in bioreactors to the purification and formulation of the final product. For the majority of cell culture-derived products, efforts focused on maximization of bioreactor yields, whereas design and optimization of downstream processes were often neglected. Owing to this biased focus, downstream procedures today often constitute a bottleneck in various manufacturing processes and account for the majority of the overall production costs. For efficient production methods, particularly in sight of constantly increasing economic pressure within human healthcare systems, highly productive downstream schemes have to be developed. Here, we discuss unit operations and downstream trains to purify virus particles for use as vaccines and vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Wolf
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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16
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Gritti F, Guiochon G. Measurement of the eddy diffusion term in chromatographic columns. I. Application to the first generation of 4.6mm I.D. monolithic columns. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5216-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Koku H, Maier RS, Czymmek KJ, Schure MR, Lenhoff AM. Modeling of flow in a polymeric chromatographic monolith. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3466-75. [PMID: 21529814 PMCID: PMC3109253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The flow behavior of a commercial polymeric monolith was investigated by direct numerical simulations employing the lattice-Boltzmann (LB) methodology. An explicit structural representation of the monolith was obtained by serial sectioning of a portion of the monolith and imaging by scanning electron microscopy. After image processing, the three-dimensional structure of a sample block with dimensions of 17.8 μm × 17.8 μm × 14.1 μm was obtained, with uniform 18.5 nm voxel size. Flow was simulated on this reconstructed block using the LB method to obtain the velocity distribution, and in turn macroscopic flow properties such as the permeability and the average velocity. The computed axial velocity distribution exhibits a sharp peak with an exponentially decaying tail. Analysis of the local components of the flow field suggests that flow is not evenly distributed throughout the sample geometry, as is also seen in geometries that exhibit preferential flow paths, such as sphere pack arrays with defects. A significant fraction of negative axial velocities are observed; the largest of these are due to flow along horizontal pores that are also slightly oriented in the negative axial direction. Possible implications for mass transfer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Koku
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Robert S. Maier
- Information Technology Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180
| | - Kirk J. Czymmek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Mark R. Schure
- Theoretical Separation Science Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, PA 19477-0904
| | - Abraham M. Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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18
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Neff S, Jungbauer A. Monolith peptide affinity chromatography for quantification of immunoglobulin M. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2374-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Dimartino S, Boi C, Sarti GC. A validated model for the simulation of protein purification through affinity membrane chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1677-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Trilisky EI, Koku H, Czymmek KJ, Lenhoff AM. Relation of structure to performance characteristics of monolithic and perfusive stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6365-76. [PMID: 19646709 PMCID: PMC2752694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available polymer-based monolithic and perfusive stationary phases were evaluated for their applicability in chromatography of biologics. Information on bed geometry, including that from electron microscopy (EM), was used to interpret and predict accessible volumes, binding capacities, and pressure drops. For preparative purification of biologics up to at least 7 nm in diameter, monoliths and perfusive resins are inferior to conventional stationary phases due to their low binding capacities (20-30 g/L for BSA). For larger biologics, up to several hundred nanometers in diameter, calculations from EM images predict a potential increase in binding capacity to nearly 100 g/L. The accessible volume for adenovirus calculated from the EM images matched the experimental value. While the pores of perfusive resins are essentially inaccessible to adenovirus under binding conditions, under non-adsorbing conditions the accessible intrabead porosity is almost as large as the interbead porosity. Modeling of breakthrough curves showed that the experimentally observed slow approach to full saturation can be explained by the distribution of pore sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirk J. Czymmek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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21
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Barut M, Podgornik A, Urbas L, Gabor B, Brne P, Vidic J, Plevcak S, Strancar A. Methacrylate-based short monolithic columns: enabling tools for rapid and efficient analyses of biomolecules and nanoparticles. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1867-80. [PMID: 18615813 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the novel chromatography stationary phase--a porous monolithic methacrylate-based polymer--in terms of the design of the columns and some of the features that make these columns attractive for the purification of large biomolecules. We first start with a brief summary of the characteristics of these large molecules (more precisely large proteins like immunoglobulins G and M, plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and viral particles), and a list of some of the problems that were encountered during the development of efficient purification processes. We then briefly describe the structure of the methacrylate-based monolith and emphasize the features which make them more than suitable for dealing with large entities. The highly efficient structure on a small scale can be transferred to a large scale without the need of making column modifications, and the various approaches of how this is accomplished are briefly presented in this paper. This is followed by presenting some of the examples from the bioprocess development schemes, where the implementation of the methacrylate-based monolithic columns has resulted in a very efficient and productive process. Following this, we move back to the analytical scale and demonstrate the efficiency of the monolithic column--where the mass transfer between the stationary and mobile phase is greatly enhanced--for the in-process and final control of the new therapeutics. The combination of an efficient structure and the appropriate hardware results in separations of proteins with residence time less than 0.1 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Barut
- BIA Separations, Teslova 30, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Jungbauer A, Hahn R. Polymethacrylate monoliths for preparative and industrial separation of biomolecular assemblies. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:62-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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