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Wang S, Xie T, Dong X, Hu J, Men L, Cao J. Determination of Iodine Species in Seafood by Ionic Liquid–Based In-line Solid-Phase Extraction-Capillary Electrophoresis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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2
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Guzman NA, Guzman DE. An emerging micro-scale immuno-analytical diagnostic tool to see the unseen. Holding promise for precision medicine and P4 medicine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:14-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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3
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Zhang X, Zhu D, Huang C, Sun Y, Lee YI. Sensitive detection of bisphenol A in complex samples by in-column molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang Z, Sun L, Zhu G, Yan X, Dovichi NJ. Integrated strong cation-exchange hybrid monolith coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis and simultaneous dynamic pH junction for large-volume proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 138:117-122. [PMID: 25863379 PMCID: PMC4394190 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A sulfonate-silica hybrid strong cation-exchange (SCX) monolith was synthesized at the proximal end of a capillary zone electrophoresis column and used for on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) sample preconcentration. Sample was prepared in an acidic buffer and deposited onto the SCX-SPE monolith and eluted using a basic buffer. Electrophoresis was performed in an acidic buffer. This combination of buffers results in formation of a dynamic pH junction, which allows use of relatively large elution buffer volume while maintaining peak efficiency and resolution. All experiments were performed with a 50 µm ID capillary, a 1cm long SCX-SPE monolith, a 60cm long separation capillary, and a electrokinetically pumped nanospray interface. The volume of the capillary is 1.1 µL. By loading 21 µL of a 1×10(-7) M angiotensin II solution, an enrichment factor of 3000 compared to standard electrokinetic injection was achieved on this platform while retaining efficient electrophoretic performance (N=44,000 plates). The loading capacity of the sulfonate SCX hybrid monolith was determined to be ~15 pmol by frontal analysis with 10(-5) M angiotensin II. The system was also applied to the analysis of a 10(-4) mg/mL bovine serum albumin tryptic digest; the protein coverage was 12% and 11 peptides were identified. Finally, by loading 5.5 µL of a 10(-3) mg/mL E. coli digest, 109 proteins and 271 peptides were identified in a 20 min separation; the median separation efficiency generated by these peptides was 25,000 theoretical plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
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Zhang Z, Yan X, Sun L, Zhu G, Dovichi NJ. Detachable strong cation exchange monolith, integrated with capillary zone electrophoresis and coupled with pH gradient elution, produces improved sensitivity and numbers of peptide identifications during bottom-up analysis of complex proteomes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4572-7. [PMID: 25822566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A detachable sulfonate-silica hybrid strong cation-exchange monolith was synthesized in a fused silica capillary, and used for solid phase extraction with online pH gradient elution during capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry (CZE-MS/MS) proteomic analysis. Tryptic digests were prepared in 50 mM formic acid and loaded onto the strong cation-exchange monolith. Fractions were eluted using a series of buffers with lower concentration but higher pH values than the 50 mM formic acid background electrolyte. This combination of elution and background electrolytes results in both sample stacking and formation of a dynamic pH junction and allows use of relatively large elution buffer volumes while maintaining reasonable peak efficiency and resolution. A series of five pH bumps were applied to elute E. coli tryptic peptides from the monolith, followed by analysis using CZE coupled to an LTQ-Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer; 799 protein groups and 3381 peptides were identified from 50 ng of the digest in a 2.5 h analysis, which approaches the identification rate for this organism that was obtained with an Orbitrap Fusion. We attribute the improved numbers of peptide and protein identifications to the efficient fractionation by the online pH gradient elution, which decreased the complexity of the sample in each elution step and improved the signal intensity of low abundance peptides. We also performed a comparative analysis using a nanoACQUITY UltraPerformance LCH system. Similar numbers of protein and peptide identifications were produced by the two methods. Protein identifications showed significant overlap between the two methods, whereas peptide identifications were complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Yamini Y, Seidi S, Rezazadeh M. Electrical field-induced extraction and separation techniques: promising trends in analytical chemistry--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 814:1-22. [PMID: 24528839 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is an important issue in analytical chemistry, and is often a bottleneck in chemical analysis. So, the major incentive for the recent research has been to attain faster, simpler, less expensive, and more environmentally friendly sample preparation methods. The use of auxiliary energies, such as heat, ultrasound, and microwave, is one of the strategies that have been employed in sample preparation to reach the above purposes. Application of electrical driving force is the current state-of-the-art, which presents new possibilities for simplifying and shortening the sample preparation process as well as enhancing its selectivity. The electrical driving force has scarcely been utilized in comparison with other auxiliary energies. In this review, the different roles of electrical driving force (as a powerful auxiliary energy) in various extraction techniques, including liquid-, solid-, and membrane-based methods, have been taken into consideration. Also, the references have been made available, relevant to the developments in separation techniques and Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) systems. All aspects of electrical driving force in extraction and separation methods are too specific to be treated in this contribution. However, the main aim of this review is to provide a brief knowledge about the different fields of analytical chemistry, with an emphasis on the latest efforts put into the electrically assisted membrane-based sample preparation systems. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches as well as the new achievements in these areas have been discussed, which might be helpful for further progress in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahram Seidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Jooß K, Sommer J, Bunz SC, Neusüß C. In-line SPE-CE using a fritless bead string design-Application for the analysis of organic sulfonates including inline SPE-CE-MS for APTS-labeled glycans. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:1236-43. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jooß
- Faculty of Chemistry; Aalen University; Aalen Germany
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Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Developments in coupled solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis 2011-2013. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:128-37. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry; VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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9
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In-Capillary Derivatization and Preconcentration for CE of Metal Ions as Their Phenanthroline Complexes. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Kohler I, Schappler J, Rudaz S. Microextraction techniques combined with capillary electrophoresis in bioanalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:125-41. [PMID: 22965532 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, many environmentally sustainable sample-preparation techniques have been proposed, with the objective of reducing the use of toxic organic solvents or substituting these with environmentally friendly alternatives. Microextraction techniques (MEs), in which only a small amount of organic solvent is used, have several advantages, including reduced sample volume, analysis time, and operating costs. Thus, MEs are well adapted in bioanalysis, in which sample preparation is mandatory because of the complexity of a sample that is available in small quantities (mL or even μL only). Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful and efficient separation technique in which no organic solvents are required for analysis. Combination of CE with MEs is regarded as a very attractive environmentally sustainable analytical tool, and numerous applications have been reported over the last few decades for bioanalysis of low-molecular-weight compounds or for peptide analysis. In this paper we review the use of MEs combined with CE in bioanalysis. The review is divided into two sections: liquid and solid-based MEs. A brief practical and theoretical description of each ME is given, and the techniques are illustrated by relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Kohler
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Bd d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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11
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Mai TD, Bomastyk B, Duong HA, Pham HV, Hauser PC. Automated capillary electrophoresis with on-line preconcentration by solid phase extraction using a sequential injection manifold and contactless conductivity detection. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 727:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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In-line solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry for determination of drugs of abuse in human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:777-84. [PMID: 22370589 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In-line solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometric detection (SPE-CE-MS) has been used for determination of 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), codeine (COD), hydrocodeine (HCOD), and 6-acetylmorphine (6AM) in urine. The preconcentration system consists of a small capillary filled with Oasis HLB sorbent and inserted into the inlet section of the electrophoresis capillary. The SPE-CE-MS experimental conditions were optimized as follows: the sample (adjusted to pH 6.0) was loaded at 930 mbar for 60 min, elution was performed with methanol at 50 mbar for 35 s, 60 mmol L(-1) ammonium acetate at pH 3.8 was used as running buffer, the separation voltage was 30 kV, and the sheath liquid at a flow rate of 5.0 μL min(-1) was isopropanol-water 50:50 (v/v) containing 0.5% acetic acid. Analysis of urine samples spiked with the four drugs and diluted 1:1 (v/v) was studied in the linear range 0.08-10 ng mL(-1). Detection limits (LODs) (S/N = 3) were between 0.013 and 0.210 ng mL(-1). Repeatability (expressed as relative standard deviation) was below 7.2%. The method developed enables simple and effective determination of these drugs of abuse in urine samples at the levels encountered in toxicology and doping.
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Rabanes HR, Guidote AM, Quirino JP. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products: Highlights of the last five years (2006-2010). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:180-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Preparation and full characterization of a micro-immunoaffinity monolithic column and its in-line coupling with capillary zone electrophoresis with Ochratoxin A as model solute. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1232:93-100. [PMID: 22078231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A micro-immunoaffinity monolithic column (μIAC) was developed and in-line coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis in a fully automated way with Ochratoxin A as test solute. The in-line micro-immunoaffinity columns based on monolithic methacrylate polymers (EDMA-GMA) were prepared in situ at the inlet end of a PTFE coated fused silica capillary by UV initiated polymerization and subsequently grafted with antibodies. These μIACs were thoroughly characterized. The synthesis of the polymeric support was first demonstrated to be reproducible in terms of permeability, surface properties and efficiency. The antibodies immobilization was then studied by a new original hydrodynamic method (ADECA) allowing the in situ quantitative determination (at a miniaturized scale) of the total amount of immobilized antibodies. The combination of this measurement with the binding capacity of the μIAC allowed, for the first time, the in situ determination of immobilized antibody activity. A total of 260 ± 15 ng (1.6 ± 0.1 pmol) of IgG antibodies/cm in 75 μm i.d. monolithic column (i.e. 18 μgmg(-1)) was obtained with (anti-Ochratoxin A/Ochratoxin A) as antibody/antigen model. 40% of the immobilized antibodies remain active corresponding to a binding capacity of 1.2 ± 0.2 pmol antigen/cm (i.e. 600 pg/cm of our test solute OTA), a very high capacity when dealing with trace analysis and with regard to the detection limits (30 pg and 0.5 pg with UV and LIF detection, respectively). The recovery yields were quantitative with negligible non-specific adsorption and allow analysis of diluted samples (1 ngmL(-1)) for a percolated volume of 10 μL. It was also demonstrated that despite the progressive denaturation of antibodies consecutive to the elution step, the binding capacity of the μIAC remained high enough to implement at least 15 consecutive analyses with the same column and in a fully automated way.
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15
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Bubble cell for magnetic bead trapping in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:3239-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Feng A, Tran NT, Chen C, Hu J, Taverna M, Zhou P. In-line coupling SPE and CE for DNA preconcentration and separation. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1623-30. [PMID: 21626518 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An in-line SPE method coupled to CE was developed for the analysis of DNA. The amino silica monolith was prepared in situ by polymerization of tetraethoxysilane and N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in ethanol aqueous solution at the inlet end of a 100 μm id fused-silica capillary, and the remaining part of the capillary was used as separation channel. The procedure for this in-line SPE-CE method was constructed on the basis of investigation on operational conditions such as the introduction mode of sieving matrix, the composition of elution solvent and the elution time. Twenty millimolar ammonium hydroxide was demonstrated to be effective for DNA desorption from the monolith, and linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) was used as the separation matrix. The proposed method could achieve limits of detection of 0.065-0.123 ng/mL for six DNA fragments ranging 100-2000 bp. Compared with conventional CE, preconcentration factors of over 100 times were obtained. The applicability of the in-line SPE-CE method was further demonstrated by analyzing plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli crude lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Namera A, Nakamoto A, Saito T, Miyazaki S. Monolith as a new sample preparation material: Recent devices and applications. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:901-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Li Z, He Q, Ma D, Chen H, Soper SA. Thermoswitchable Electrokinetic Ion-Enrichment/Elution Based on a Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel Plug in a Microchannel. Anal Chem 2010; 82:10030-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101768j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- The Institute of Micro-analytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zijin’gang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China, and Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Qiaohong He
- The Institute of Micro-analytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zijin’gang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China, and Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Dan Ma
- The Institute of Micro-analytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zijin’gang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China, and Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Hengwu Chen
- The Institute of Micro-analytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zijin’gang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China, and Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Steven A. Soper
- The Institute of Micro-analytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zijin’gang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China, and Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
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Timerbaev AR. Inorganic species analysis by CE â An overview for 2007â2008. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:192-204. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kataoka H, Ishizaki A, Nonaka Y, Saito K. Developments and applications of capillary microextraction techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 655:8-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Vizioli N, Gil R, Martínez LD, Fernanda Silva M. On-line solid phase extraction CZE for the simultaneous determination of lanthanum and gadolinium at picogram per liter levels. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2681-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Rodríguez‐Gonzalo E, Ruano‐Miguel L, Carabias‐Martínez R. In‐capillary microextraction using monolithic polymers: Application to preconcentration of carbamate pesticides prior to their separation by MEKC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1913-22. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Determination of sulfonamide residues in water samples by in-line solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3372-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Quirino JP. Analyte focusing by micelle collapse in CZE: Nanopreparation of neutrals. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:875-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200801735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Almeda S, Arce L, Benavente F, Sanz-Nebot V, Barbosa J, Valcárcel M. Comparison of off- and in-line solid-phase extraction for enhancing sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis using ochratoxin as a model compound. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:609-15. [PMID: 19252901 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes and compares two approaches based on off- and in-line solid-phase extraction (SPE), intended to enhance sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection (CE-UV) using as a model the determination of ochratoxin A (OA) in river water samples. In the off-line SPE mode, the reversed-phase sorbent (octadecilsylane, C(18)) selectively retains the target analyte (OA) and allows large volumes of the sample (70 mL) to be introduced and subsequently eluted in a small volume (0.1 mL) of an appropriate solution. In the in-line SPE mode, a custom-made microcartridge is inserted near the inlet of the capillary, which is filled with the same C(18) sorbent. This solid phase selectively retains OA present in a sample volume as low as approximately 640 microL for subsequent elution with ca. 135 nL of an appropriate eluent. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained with the in-line SPE method was 1 ng L(-1), which is 3 orders of magnitude lower than that obtained with CE-UV and roughly 1 order lower than that provided by the off-line SPE-CE-UV method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Almeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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Breadmore MC, Thabano JRE, Dawod M, Kazarian AA, Quirino JP, Guijt RM. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2006-2008). Electrophoresis 2009; 30:230-48. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Recent applications of capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS): CE performing functions beyond separation. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 627:3-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Domínguez-Álvarez J, Ruano-Miguel L, Carabias-Martínez R. In-capillary preconcentration of pirimicarb and carbendazim with a monolithic polymeric sorbent prior to separation by CZE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4066-77. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Sample pretreatment techniques for oligopeptide analysis from natural sources. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:885-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hernández E, Benavente F, Sanz-Nebot V, Barbosa J. Evaluation of on-line solid phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry for the analysis of neuropeptides in human plasma. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3366-76. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Guzman NA, Blanc T, Phillips TM. Immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis as a powerful strategy for the quantification of low-abundance biomarkers, drugs, and metabolites in biological matrices. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3259-78. [PMID: 18646282 PMCID: PMC2659498 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, there has been a greater appreciation by the scientific community of how separation science has contributed to the advancement of biomedical research. Despite past contributions in facilitating several biomedical breakthroughs, separation sciences still urgently need the development of improved methods for the separation and detection of biological and chemical substances. In particular, the challenging task of quantifying small molecules and biomolecules, found in low abundance in complex matrices (e.g., serum), is a particular area in need of new high-efficiency techniques. The tandem or on-line coupling of highly selective antibody capture agents with the high-resolving power of CE is being recognized as a powerful analytical tool for the enrichment and quantification of ultra-low abundance analytes in complex matrices. This development will have a significant impact on the identification and characterization of many putative biomarkers and on biomedical research in general. Immunoaffinity CE (IACE) technology is rapidly emerging as the most promising method for the analysis of low-abundance biomarkers; its power comes from a three-step procedure: (i) bioselective adsorption and (ii) subsequent recovery of compounds from an immobilized affinity ligand followed by (iii) separation of the enriched compounds. This technology is highly suited to automation and can be engineered to as a multiplex instrument capable of routinely performing hundreds of assays per day. Furthermore, a significant enhancement in sensitivity can be achieved for the purified and enriched affinity targeted analytes. Thus, a compound that exists in a complex biological matrix at a concentration far below its LOD is easily brought to well within its range of quantification. The present review summarizes several applications of IACE, as well as a chronological description of the improvements made in the fabrication of the analyte concentrator-microreactor device leading to the development of a multidimensional biomarker analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto A Guzman
- Biomarker Laboratory, Princeton Biochemicals, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Almeda S, Arce L, Valcárcel M. Combined use of supported liquid membrane and solid-phase extraction to enhance selectivity and sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of ochratoxin A in wine. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1573-81. [PMID: 18318446 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel strategy to enhance selectivity and sensitivity in CE, using supported liquid membrane (SLM) and off-line SPE simultaneously. The determination of ochratoxin A (OA) in wine has been used to demonstrate the potential of this methodology. In the SLM step, the donor phase (either a 20 mL volume of a standard solution at pH 1 or a wine sample at pH 8) was placed in a vial, where a micromembrane extraction unit accommodating the acceptor phase (1 mL water, pH 11) in its lumen was immersed. The SLM was constructed by impregnating a porous Fluoropore Teflon (PTFE) membrane with a water-immiscible organic solvent (octanol). In the off-line SPE step, the nonpolar sorbent (C-18, 4 mg) selectively retained the target ochratoxin, enabling small volumes of acceptor phase (1 mL) to be introduced. The captured analytes were eluted in a small volume of methanol (0.1 mL). This procedure resulted in sample cleanup and concentration enhancement. The method was evaluated for accuracy and precision, and its RSD found to be 5%. The LODs for OA in the standard solutions and wine samples were 0.5 and 30 microg/L, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate that SLM combined with off-line is a good alternative to the use of immunoaffinity columns prior to CE analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Almeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Cordoba, Spain
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Potter OG, Hilder EF. Porous polymer monoliths for extraction: Diverse applications and platforms. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1881-906. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Morales-Cid G, Simonet BM, Cárdenas S, Valcárcel M. Electrical field-assisted solid-phase extraction coupled on-line to capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2033-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lara FJ, García-Campaña AM, Alés-Barrero F, Bosque-Sendra JM. In-line solid-phase extraction preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry for the multiresidue detection of quinolones in meat by pressurized liquid extraction. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2117-25. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Puig P, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. Sorbent preconcentration procedures coupled to capillary electrophoresis for environmental and biological applications. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 616:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Augustin V, Proczek G, Dugay J, Descroix S, Hennion MC. Online preconcentration using monoliths in electrochromatography capillary format and microchips. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2858-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Recent advances in coupling solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis (SPE–CE). Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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