1
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Fu Z, Crooks EJ, Irizarry BA, Zhu X, Chowdhury S, Van Nostrand WE, Smith SO. An electrostatic cluster guides Aβ40 fibril formation in sporadic and Dutch-type cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108092. [PMID: 38615725 PMCID: PMC11162928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is associated with the accumulation of fibrillar Aβ peptides upon and within the cerebral vasculature, which leads to loss of vascular integrity and contributes to disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigate the structure of human-derived Aβ40 fibrils obtained from patients diagnosed with sporadic or familial Dutch-type (E22Q) CAA. Using cryo-EM, two primary structures are identified containing elements that have not been observed in in vitro Aβ40 fibril structures. One population has an ordered N-terminal fold comprised of two β-strands stabilized by electrostatic interactions involving D1, E22, D23 and K28. This charged cluster is disrupted in the second population, which exhibits a disordered N-terminus and is favored in fibrils derived from the familial Dutch-type CAA patient. These results illustrate differences between human-derived CAA and AD fibrils, and how familial CAA mutations can guide fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Fu
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, United States; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Elliot J Crooks
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, United States
| | - Brandon A Irizarry
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Saikat Chowdhury
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, United States; CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamala Nehru Nagar, Gaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
| | - Steven O Smith
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, United States
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2
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Banerjee S, Baghel D, Edmonds HO, Ghosh A. Heterotypic Seeding Generates Mixed Amyloid Polymorphs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585264. [PMID: 38559069 PMCID: PMC10980072 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide into fibrils represents one of the major biochemical pathways underlying the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extensive studies have been carried out to understand the role of fibrillar seeds on the overall kinetics of amyloid aggregation. However, the precise effect of seeds that are structurally or sequentially different from Aβ on the structure of the resulting amyloid aggregates is yet to be fully understood. In this work, we use nanoscale infrared spectroscopy to probe the spectral facets of individual aggregates formed by aggregating Aβ42 with antiparallel fibrillar seeds of Aβ (16-22) and E22Q Aβ (1-40) Dutch mutant and demonstrate that Aβ can form heterotypic or mixed polymorphs that deviate significantly from its expected parallel cross β structure. We further show that formation of heterotypic aggregates is not limited to coaggregation of Aβ and its isomers, and that the former can form heterotypic fibrils with alpha synuclein and brain protein lysates. These findings highlight the complexity of Aβ aggregation in AD and underscore the need to explore how Aβ interacts with other brain components, which is crucial for developing better therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - D. Baghel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - H. O. Edmonds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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3
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Kreutzer AG, Parrocha CMT, Haerianardakani S, Guaglianone G, Nguyen JT, Diab MN, Yong W, Perez-Rosendahl M, Head E, Nowick JS. Antibodies Raised Against an Aβ Oligomer Mimic Recognize Pathological Features in Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Amyloid-Disease Brain Tissue. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:104-121. [PMID: 38292607 PMCID: PMC10823522 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies that target the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and its associated assemblies are important tools in Alzheimer's disease research and have emerged as promising Alzheimer's disease therapies. This paper reports the creation and characterization of a triangular Aβ trimer mimic composed of Aβ17-36 β-hairpins and the generation and study of polyclonal antibodies raised against the Aβ trimer mimic. The Aβ trimer mimic is covalently stabilized by three disulfide bonds at the corners of the triangular trimer to create a homogeneous oligomer. Structural, biophysical, and cell-based studies demonstrate that the Aβ trimer mimic shares characteristics with oligomers of full-length Aβ. X-ray crystallography elucidates the structure of the trimer and reveals that four copies of the trimer assemble to form a dodecamer. SDS-PAGE, size exclusion chromatography, and dynamic light scattering reveal that the trimer also forms higher-order assemblies in solution. Cell-based toxicity assays show that the trimer elicits LDH release, decreases ATP levels, and activates caspase-3/7 mediated apoptosis. Immunostaining studies on brain slices from people who lived with Alzheimer's disease and people who lived with Down syndrome reveal that the polyclonal antibodies raised against the Aβ trimer mimic recognize pathological features including different types of Aβ plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Kreutzer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Chelsea Marie T. Parrocha
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sepehr Haerianardakani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Gretchen Guaglianone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jennifer T. Nguyen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Michelle N. Diab
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - William Yong
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mari Perez-Rosendahl
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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4
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Holcombe B, Foes A, Banerjee S, Yeh K, Wang SHJ, Bhargava R, Ghosh A. Intermediate Antiparallel β Structure in Amyloid β Plaques Revealed by Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3794-3803. [PMID: 37800883 PMCID: PMC10662787 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides into extracellular plaques is a hallmark of the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid aggregates have been extensively studied in vitro, and it is well-known that mature amyloid fibrils contain an ordered parallel β structure. The structural evolution from unaggregated peptide to fibrils can be mediated through intermediate structures that deviate significantly from mature fibrils, such as antiparallel β-sheets. However, it is currently unknown if these intermediate structures exist in plaques, which limits the translation of findings from in vitro structural characterizations of amyloid aggregates to AD. This arises from the inability to extend common structural biology techniques to ex vivo tissue measurements. Here we report the use of infrared (IR) imaging, wherein we can spatially localize plaques and probe their protein structural distributions with the molecular sensitivity of IR spectroscopy. Analyzing individual plaques in AD tissues, we demonstrate that fibrillar amyloid plaques exhibit antiparallel β-sheet signatures, thus providing a direct connection between in vitro structures and amyloid aggregates in the AD brain. We further validate results with IR imaging of in vitro aggregates and show that the antiparallel β-sheet structure is a distinct structural facet of amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Holcombe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Abigail Foes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Siddhartha Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Kevin Yeh
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shih-Hsiu J. Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
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5
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Muñoz-Gutiérrez C, Adasme-Carreño F, Alzate-Morales J, Ireta J. Effect of strand register in the stability and reactivity of crystals from peptides forming amyloid fibrils. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23885-23893. [PMID: 37642522 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01762a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Amyloids are cytotoxic protein aggregates that deposit in human tissues, leading to several health disorders. Their aggregates can also exhibit catalytic properties, and they have been used as candidates for the development of functional biomaterials. Despite being polymorphic, amyloids often assemble as cross-β fibrils formed by in-register β sheet layers. Recent studies of some amyloidogenic protein segments revealed that they crystallize as antiparallel out-of-register β sheets. Such arrangement has been proposed to be responsible for the cytotoxicity in amyloid diseases, however, there is still no consensus on the molecular mechanism. Interestingly, two amyloidogenic peptide segments, NFGAILS and FGAILSS, arrange into out-of-register and in-register β sheets, respectively, even though they solely differ by one aminoacid residue at both termini. In this work, we used density functional theory (DFT) to address how the strand register contributes into the packing and molecular properties of the NFGAILS and FGAILSS crystals. Our results show that the out-of-register structure is substantially more stable, at 0 K, than the in-register one due to stronger inter-strand contacts. Based on an analysis of the electrostatic potential of the crystal slabs, it is suggested that the out-of-register may potentially interact with negatively charged groups, like those found in cell membranes. Moreover, calculated reactivity descriptors indicate a similar outcome, where only the out-of-register peptide exhibits intrinsic reactive surface sites at the exposed amine and carboxylic groups. It is therefore suggested that the out-of-register arrangement may indeed be crucial for amyloid cytotoxicity. The findings presented here could help to further our understanding of amyloid aggregation, function, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Muñoz-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Box 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Francisco Adasme-Carreño
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional (LBQC), Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
| | - Jans Alzate-Morales
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Box 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Joel Ireta
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-534, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico.
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6
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Jury-Garfe N, You Y, Martínez P, Redding-Ochoa J, Karahan H, Johnson TS, Zhang J, Kim J, Troncoso JC, Lasagna-Reeves CA. Enhanced microglial dynamics and paucity of tau seeding in the amyloid plaque microenvironment contributes to cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.27.550884. [PMID: 37546928 PMCID: PMC10402121 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AsymAD) describes the status of subjects with preserved cognition but with identifiable Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain pathology (i.e. Aβ-amyloid deposits, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles) at autopsy. In this study, we investigated the postmortem brains of a cohort of AsymAD cases to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of resilience to AD pathology and cognitive decline. Our results showed that AsymAD cases exhibit an enrichment of core plaques and decreased filamentous plaque accumulation, as well as an increase in microglia surrounding this last type. In AsymAD cases we found less pathological tau aggregation in dystrophic neurites compared to AD and tau seeding activity comparable to healthy control subjects. We used spatial transcriptomics to further characterize the plaque niche and found autophagy, endocytosis, and phagocytosis within the top upregulated pathways in the AsymAD plaque niche, but not in AD. Furthermore, we found ARP2, an actin-based motility protein crucial to initiate the formation of new actin filaments, increased within microglia in the proximity of amyloid plaques in AsymAD. Our findings support that the amyloid-plaque microenvironment in AsymAD cases is characterized by microglia with highly efficient actin-based cell motility mechanisms and decreased tau seeding compared to AD. These two mechanisms can potentially provide protection against the toxic cascade initiated by Aβ that preserves brain health and slows down the progression of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Jury-Garfe
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yanwen You
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pablo Martínez
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Hande Karahan
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Travis S. Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Cristian A. Lasagna-Reeves
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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7
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Banerjee S, Naik T, Ghosh A. Intermediate Antiparallel Fibrils in Aβ40 Dutch Mutant Aggregation: Insights from Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:5799-5807. [PMID: 37363988 PMCID: PMC10691422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which involves amyloid deposition in blood vessels leading to fatal cerebral hemorrhage and recurring strokes, is present in the majority Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases. Familial mutations in the amyloid β peptide are correlated to higher risks of CAA and are mostly comprised of mutations at residues 22 and 23. While the structure of the wild-type Aβ peptide has been investigated in great detail, less is known about the structure of mutants involved in CAA and evolutions thereof. This is particularly true for mutations at residue 22, for which detailed molecular structures, as typically determined from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or electron microscopy, do not exist. In this report, we have used nanoscale infrared (IR) spectroscopy augmented with atomic force microscopy (AFM-IR) to investigate structural evolution of the Aβ Dutch mutant (E22Q) at the single aggregate level. We show that in the oligomeric stage, the structural ensemble is distinctly bimodal, with the two subtypes differing with respect to population of parallel β sheets. Fibrils on the other hand are structurally homogeneous, with early-stage fibrils distinctly antiparallel in character, which develop parallel β sheets upon maturation. Furthermore, the antiparallel structure is found to be a persistent feature across different stages of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Tanmayee Naik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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8
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de Sousa AA, Rigby Dames BA, Graff EC, Mohamedelhassan R, Vassilopoulos T, Charvet CJ. Going beyond established model systems of Alzheimer's disease: companion animals provide novel insights into the neurobiology of aging. Commun Biol 2023; 6:655. [PMID: 37344566 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by brain plaques, tangles, and cognitive impairment. AD is one of the most common age-related dementias in humans. Progress in characterizing AD and other age-related disorders is hindered by a perceived dearth of animal models that naturally reproduce diseases observed in humans. Mice and nonhuman primates are model systems used to understand human diseases. Still, these model systems lack many of the biological characteristics of Alzheimer-like diseases (e.g., plaques, tangles) as they grow older. In contrast, companion animal models (cats and dogs) age in ways that resemble humans. Both companion animal models and humans show evidence of brain atrophy, plaques, and tangles, as well as cognitive decline with age. We embrace a One Health perspective, which recognizes that the health of humans is connected to those of animals, and we illustrate how such a perspective can work synergistically to enhance human and animal health. A comparative biology perspective is ideally suited to integrate insights across veterinary and human medical disciplines and solve long-standing problems in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A de Sousa
- Centre for Health and Cognition, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Brier A Rigby Dames
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Emily C Graff
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rania Mohamedelhassan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Tatianna Vassilopoulos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Christine J Charvet
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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9
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Holcombe B, Foes A, Banerjee S, Yeh K, Wang SHJ, Bhargava R, Ghosh A. Intermediate antiparallel beta structure in amyloid plaques revealed by infrared spectroscopic imaging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.18.537414. [PMID: 37131832 PMCID: PMC10153194 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides into extracellular plaques is a hallmark of the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid aggregates have been extensively studied in-vitro, and it is well known that mature amyloid fibrils contain an ordered parallel β structure. The structural evolution from unaggregated peptide to fibrils can be mediated through intermediate structures that deviate significantly from mature fibrils, such as antiparallel β-sheets. However, it is currently unknown if these intermediate structures exist in plaques, which limits the translation of findings from in-vitro structural characterizations of amyloid aggregates to AD. This arises from the inability to extend common structural biology techniques to ex-vivo tissue measurements. Here we report the use of infrared (IR) imaging, wherein we can spatially localize plaques and probe their protein structural distributions with the molecular sensitivity of IR spectroscopy. Analyzing individual plaques in AD tissues, we demonstrate that fibrillar amyloid plaques exhibit antiparallel β-sheet signatures, thus providing a direct connection between in-vitro structures and amyloid aggregates in AD brain. We further validate results with IR imaging of in-vitro aggregates and show that antiparallel β-sheet structure is a distinct structural facet of amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Holcombe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Abigail Foes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Siddhartha Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Kevin Yeh
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shih-Hsiu J. Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
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10
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Zhu X, Schrader JM, Irizarry BA, Smith SO, Van Nostrand WE. Impact of Aβ40 and Aβ42 Fibrils on the Transcriptome of Primary Astrocytes and Microglia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112982. [PMID: 36428550 PMCID: PMC9688026 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposits in the brain, which are primarily composed of Aβ40 or Aβ42 peptides, are key pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders. Although the underlying mechanisms are still not clear, the Aβ fibrils can trigger a number of cellular responses, including activation of astrocytes and microglia. In addition, fibril structures of the Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides are known to be polymorphic, which poses a challenge for attributing the contribution of different Aβ sequences and structures to brain pathology. Here, we systematically treated primary astrocytes and microglia with single, well-characterized polymorphs of Aβ40 or Aβ42 fibrils, and performed bulk RNA sequencing to assess cell-specific changes in gene expression. A greater number of genes were up-regulated by Aβ42 fibril-treated glial cells (251 and 2133 genes in astrocyte and microglia, respectively) compared with the Aβ40 fibril-treated glial cells (191 and 251 genes in astrocytes and microglia, respectively). Immunolabeling studies in an AD rat model with parenchymal fibrillar Aβ42 plaques confirmed the expression of PAI-1, MMP9, MMP12, CCL2, and C1r in plaque-associated microglia, and iNOS, GBP2, and C3D in plaque-associated astrocytes, validating markers from the RNA sequence data. In order to better understand these Aβ fibril-induced gene changes, we analyzed gene expression patterns using the Ingenuity pathway analysis program. These analyses further highlighted that Aβ42 fibril treatment up-regulated cellular activation pathways and immune response pathways in glial cells, including IL1β and TNFα in astrocytes, and microglial activation and TGFβ1 in microglia. Further analysis revealed that a number of disease-associated microglial (DAM) genes were surprisingly suppressed in Aβ40 fibril treated microglia. Together, the present findings indicate that Aβ42 fibrils generally show similar, but stronger, stimulating activity of glial cells compared with Aβ40 fibril treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhu
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Joseph M. Schrader
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Brandon A. Irizarry
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Steven O. Smith
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - William E. Van Nostrand
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-874-2363
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11
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Rajpoot J, Crooks EJ, Irizarry BA, Amundson A, Van Nostrand WE, Smith SO. Insights into Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Type 1 and Type 2 from Comparisons of the Fibrillar Assembly and Stability of the Aβ40-Iowa and Aβ40-Dutch Peptides. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1181-1198. [PMID: 35666749 PMCID: PMC9219409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct diseases are associated with the deposition of fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the human brain in an age-dependent fashion. Alzheimer's disease is primarily associated with parenchymal plaque deposition of Aβ42, while cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is associated with amyloid formation of predominantly Aβ40 in the cerebral vasculature. In addition, familial mutations at positions 22 and 23 of the Aβ sequence can enhance vascular deposition in the two major subtypes of CAA. The E22Q (Dutch) mutation is associated with CAA type 2, while the D23N (Iowa) mutation is associated with CAA type 1. Here we investigate differences in the formation and structure of fibrils of these mutant Aβ peptides in vitro to gain insights into their biochemical and physiological differences in the brain. Using Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we measure the relative propensities of Aβ40-Dutch and Aβ40-Iowa to form antiparallel structure and compare these propensities to those of the wild-type Aβ40 and Aβ42 isoforms. We find that both Aβ40-Dutch and Aβ40-Iowa have strong propensities to form antiparallel β-hairpins in the first step of the fibrillization process. However, there is a marked difference in the ability of these peptides to form elongated antiparallel structures. Importantly, we find marked differences in the stability of the protofibril or fibril states formed by the four Aβ peptides. We discuss these differences with respect to the mechanisms of Aβ fibril formation in CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitika Rajpoot
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | - Elliot J Crooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | - Brandon A Irizarry
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | - Ashley Amundson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | | | - Steven O Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
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