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Liu Y, Zheng Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Sun X, Ren Z, Yang X, Yang X. Reorganization of 3D genome architecture provides insights into pathogenesis of early fatty liver disease in laying hens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:40. [PMID: 38448979 PMCID: PMC10919017 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver disease causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry due to its high occurrence and lethality rate. Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture takes part in disease processing by regulating transcriptional reprogramming. The study is carried out to investigate the alterations of hepatic 3D genome and H3K27ac profiling in early fatty liver (FLS) and reveal their effect on hepatic transcriptional reprogramming in laying hens. RESULTS Results show that FLS model is constructed with obvious phenotypes including hepatic visible lipid deposition as well as higher total triglyceride and cholesterol in serum. A/B compartment switching, topologically associating domain (TAD) and chromatin loop changes are identified by high-throughput/resolution chromosome conformation capture (HiC) technology. Targeted genes of these alternations in hepatic 3D genome organization significantly enrich pathways related to lipid metabolism and hepatic damage. H3K27ac differential peaks and differential expression genes (DEGs) identified through RNA-seq analysis are also enriched in these pathways. Notably, certain DEGs are found to correspond with changes in 3D chromatin structure and H3K27ac binding in their promoters. DNA motif analysis reveals that candidate transcription factors are implicated in regulating transcriptional reprogramming. Furthermore, disturbed folate metabolism is observed, as evidenced by lower folate levels and altered enzyme expression. CONCLUSION Our findings establish a link between transcriptional reprogramming changes and 3D chromatin structure variations during early FLS formation, which provides candidate transcription factors and folate as targets for FLS prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhuqing Zheng
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, 448000, China
| | - Chaohui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhouzheng Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Guo M, Li X, Li T, Liu R, Pang W, Luo J, Zeng W, Zheng Y. YTHDF2 promotes DNA damage repair by positively regulating the histone methyltransferase SETDB1 in spermatogonia†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:48-62. [PMID: 37812443 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic integrity is critical for sexual reproduction, ensuring correct transmission of parental genetic information to the descendant. To preserve genomic integrity, germ cells have evolved multiple DNA repair mechanisms, together termed as DNA damage response. The RNA N6-methyladenosine is the most abundant mRNA modification in eukaryotic cells, which plays important roles in DNA damage response, and YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2) is a well-acknowledged N6-methyladenosine reader protein regulating the mRNA decay and stress response. Despite this, the correlation between YTHDF2 and DNA damage response in germ cells, if any, remains enigmatic. Here, by employing a Ythdf2-conditional knockout mouse model as well as a Ythdf2-null GC-1 mouse spermatogonial cell line, we explored the role and the underlying mechanism for YTHDF2 in spermatogonial DNA damage response. We identified that, despite no evident testicular morphological abnormalities under the normal circumstance, conditional mutation of Ythdf2 in adult male mice sensitized germ cells, including spermatogonia, to etoposide-induced DNA damage. Consistently, Ythdf2-KO GC-1 cells displayed increased sensitivity and apoptosis in response to DNA damage, accompanied by the decreased SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1, a histone methyltransferase) and H3K9me3 levels. The Setdb1 knockdown in GC-1 cells generated a similar phenotype, but its overexpression in Ythdf2-null GC-1 cells alleviated the sensitivity and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the N6-methyladenosine reader YTHDF2 promotes DNA damage repair by positively regulating the histone methyltransferase SETDB1 in spermatogonia, which provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying spermatogonial genome integrity maintenance and therefore contributes to safe reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Qu Z, Batz Z, Singh N, Marchal C, Swaroop A. Stage-specific dynamic reorganization of genome topology shapes transcriptional neighborhoods in developing human retinal organoids. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113543. [PMID: 38048222 PMCID: PMC10790351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have generated a high-resolution Hi-C map of developing human retinal organoids to elucidate spatiotemporal dynamics of genomic architecture and its relationship with gene expression patterns. We demonstrate progressive stage-specific alterations in DNA topology and correlate these changes with transcription of cell-type-restricted gene markers during retinal differentiation. Temporal Hi-C reveals a shift toward A compartment for protein-coding genes and B compartment for non-coding RNAs, displaying high and low expression, respectively. Notably, retina-enriched genes are clustered near lost boundaries of topologically associated domains (TADs), and higher-order assemblages (i.e., TAD cliques) localize in active chromatin regions with binding sites for eye-field transcription factors. These genes gain chromatin contacts at their transcription start site as organoid differentiation proceeds. Our study provides a global view of chromatin architecture dynamics associated with diversification of cell types during retinal development and serves as a foundational resource for in-depth functional investigations of retinal developmental traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Qu
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration, and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zachary Batz
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration, and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration, and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claire Marchal
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration, and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; In silichrom Ltd, 15 Digby Road, Newbury RG14 1TS, UK
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration, and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Cheng J, Cao X, Wang X, Wang J, Yue B, Sun W, Huang Y, Lan X, Ren G, Lei C, Chen H. Dynamic chromatin architectures provide insights into the genetics of cattle myogenesis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:59. [PMID: 37055796 PMCID: PMC10103417 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sharply increased beef consumption is propelling the genetic improvement projects of beef cattle in China. Three-dimensional genome structure is confirmed to be an important layer of transcription regulation. Although genome-wide interaction data of several livestock species have already been produced, the genome structure states and its regulatory rules in cattle muscle are still limited. RESULTS Here we present the first 3D genome data in Longissimus dorsi muscle of fetal and adult cattle (Bos taurus). We showed that compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and loop undergo re-organization and the structure dynamics were consistent with transcriptomic divergence during muscle development. Furthermore, we annotated cis-regulatory elements in cattle genome during myogenesis and demonstrated the enrichments of promoter and enhancer in selection sweeps. We further validated the regulatory function of one HMGA2 intronic enhancer near a strong sweep region on primary bovine myoblast proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide key insights of the regulatory function of high order chromatin structure and cattle myogenic biology, which will benefit the progress of genetic improvement of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling district, Yangling, Shaanxi province, 712100, China
| | - Xiukai Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling district, Yangling, Shaanxi province, 712100, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling district, Yangling, Shaanxi province, 712100, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling district, Yangling, Shaanxi province, 712100, China
| | - Binglin Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling district, Yangling, Shaanxi province, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling district, Yangling, Shaanxi province, 712100, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling district, Yangling, Shaanxi province, 712100, China
| | - Gang Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling district, Yangling, Shaanxi province, 712100, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling district, Yangling, Shaanxi province, 712100, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling district, Yangling, Shaanxi province, 712100, China.
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
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Retinoic acid-induced differentiation of porcine prospermatogonia in vitro. Theriogenology 2023; 198:344-355. [PMID: 36640739 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is an intricate developmental process occurring in testes by which spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) self-renew and differentiate into mature sperm. The molecular mechanisms for SSC self-renewal and differentiation, while have been well studied in mice, may differ between mice and domestic animals including pigs. To gain knowledge about the molecular mechanisms for porcine SSC self-renewal and differentiation that have so far been poorly understood, here we isolated and enriched prospermatogonia from neonatal porcine testes, and exposed the cells to retinoic acid, a direct inducer for spermatogonial differentiation. We then identified that retinoic acid could induce porcine prospermatogonial differentiation, which was accompanied by a clear transcriptomic alteration, as revealed by the RNA-sequencing analysis. We also compared retinoic acid-induced in vitro porcine spermatogonial differentiation with the in vivo process, and compared retinoic acid-induced in vitro spermatogonial differentiation between pigs and mice. Furthermore, we analyzed retinoic acid-induced differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and demonstrated that a pig-specific lncRNA, lncRNA-106504875, positively regulated porcine spermatogonial proliferation by targeting the core transcription factor ZBTB16. Taken together, these results would help to elucidate the roles of retinoic acid in porcine spermatogonial differentiation, thereby contributing to further knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying porcine SSC development and, in the long run, to optimization of both long-term culture and induced differentiation systems for porcine SSCs.
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Cheng H, Shang D, Zhou R. Germline stem cells in human. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:345. [PMID: 36184610 PMCID: PMC9527259 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The germline cells are essential for the propagation of human beings, thus essential for the survival of mankind. The germline stem cells, as a unique cell type, generate various states of germ stem cells and then differentiate into specialized cells, spermatozoa and ova, for producing offspring, while self-renew to generate more stem cells. Abnormal development of germline stem cells often causes severe diseases in humans, including infertility and cancer. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) first emerge during early embryonic development, migrate into the gentile ridge, and then join in the formation of gonads. In males, they differentiate into spermatogonial stem cells, which give rise to spermatozoa via meiosis from the onset of puberty, while in females, the female germline stem cells (FGSCs) retain stemness in the ovary and initiate meiosis to generate oocytes. Primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) can be induced in vitro from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we focus on current advances in these embryonic and adult germline stem cells, and the induced PGCLCs in humans, provide an overview of molecular mechanisms underlying the development and differentiation of the germline stem cells and outline their physiological functions, pathological implications, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhua Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dantong Shang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
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Sou IF, Hamer G, Tee WW, Vader G, McClurg UL. Cancer and meiotic gene expression: Two sides of the same coin? Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 151:43-68. [PMID: 36681477 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis increases genetic diversity in offspring by generating genetically unique haploid gametes with reshuffled chromosomes. This process requires a specialized set of meiotic proteins, which facilitate chromosome recombination and segregation. However, re-expression of meiotic proteins in mitosis can have catastrophic oncogenic consequences and aberrant expression of meiotic proteins is a common occurrence in human tumors. Mechanistically, re-activation of meiotic genes in cancer promotes oncogenesis likely because cancers-conversely to healthy mitosis-are fueled by genetic instability which promotes tumor evolution, and evasion of immune response and treatment pressure. In this review, we explore similarities between meiotic and cancer cells with a particular focus on the oncogenic activation of meiotic genes in cancer. We emphasize the role of histones and their modifications, DNA methylation, genome organization, R-loops and the availability of distal enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieng Fong Sou
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Geert Hamer
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wee-Wei Tee
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerben Vader
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Urszula Lucja McClurg
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Zhao S, Heng N, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang H, Gong J, Hu Z, Zhu H. Mitofusins: from mitochondria to fertility. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:370. [PMID: 35725948 PMCID: PMC9209398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Germ cell formation and embryonic development require ATP synthesized by mitochondria. The dynamic system of the mitochondria, and in particular, the fusion of mitochondria, are essential for the generation of energy. Mitofusin1 and mitofusin2, the homologues of Fuzzy onions in yeast and Drosophila, are critical regulators of mitochondrial fusion in mammalian cells. Since their discovery mitofusins (Mfns) have been the source of significant interest as key influencers of mitochondrial dynamics, including membrane fusion, mitochondrial distribution, and the interaction with other organelles. Emerging evidence has revealed significant insight into the role of Mfns in germ cell formation and embryonic development, as well as the high incidence of reproductive diseases such as asthenospermia, polycystic ovary syndrome, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the key mechanisms of Mfns in mitochondrial dynamics, focusing particularly on the role of Mfns in the regulation of mammalian fertility, including spermatogenesis, oocyte maturation, and embryonic development. We also highlight the role of Mfns in certain diseases associated with the reproductive system and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjiang Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Nuo Heng
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huan Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jianfei Gong
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhihui Hu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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