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Zheng Y, Wei W, Wang Y, Li T, Wei Y, Gao S. Gypenosides exert cardioprotective effects by promoting mitophagy and activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β/Mcl-1 signaling. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17538. [PMID: 38912051 PMCID: PMC11193969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, a well-known edible and medicinal plant, has anti-aging properties and is used to treataging-associated conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. Gypenosides (GYPs) are the primary constituents of G. pentaphyllum. Increasing evidence indicates that GYPs are effective at preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and preventing heart failure (HF). This study aimed to uncover the cardioprotective mechanisms of GYPs related to mitochondrial regulation. Methods The bioactive components in GYPs and the potential targets in treating HF were obtained and screened using the network pharmacology approach, followed by drug-disease target prediction and enrichment analyses. The pharmacological effects of GYPs in cardioprotection, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial quality control, and underlying mechanisms were further investigated in Doxorubicin (Dox)-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Results A total of 88 bioactive compounds of GYPs and their respective 71 drug-disease targets were identified. The hub targets covered MAPK, EGFR, PI3KCA, and Mcl-1. Enrichment analysis revealed that the pathways primarily contained PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and FoxO signalings, as well as calcium regulation, protein phosphorylation, apoptosis, and mitophagy process. In Dox-stimulated H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes, pretreatment with GYPs increased cell viability, enhanced cellular ATP content, restored basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and improved mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, GYPs improved PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy without influencing mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins and the autophagic LC3 levels. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, GSK-3β, and the protein level of Mcl-1 was upregulated by GYP treatment. Conclusion Our findings reveal that GYPs exert cardioprotective effects by rescuing the defective mitophagy, and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Mcl-1 signaling is potentially involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- School of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- School of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yundong Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Saotome H, Yatsuka Y, Minowa O, Shinotsuka K, Tsuchida K, Hirose H, Dai K, Tokuno H, Hayakawa T, Hiranuma H, Hasegawa A, Nakatomi I, Okazaki A, Okazaki Y. Microstripe pattern substrate consisting of alternating planar and nanoprotrusive regions improved hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes' unidirectional alignment and functional properties. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045031. [PMID: 38815609 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad525d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The alignment of each cell in human myocardium is considered critical for the efficient movement of cardiac tissue. We investigated 96-well microstripe-patterned plates to align human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs), which resemble fetal myocardium. The aligned CMs (ACMs) cultured on the microstripe-patterned plates exhibited pathology, motor function, gene expression, and drug response that more closely resembled those of adult cells than did unaligned CMs cultured on a flat plate (FCMs). We used these ACMs to evaluate drug side effects and efficacy, and to determine whether these were similar to adult-like responses. When CMs from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMs) were seeded and cultured on the microstripe-patterned plates or layered on top of the ACMs, both sets of HCMs showed increased heart rate and synchronized contractions, indicating improved cardiac function. It is suggested that the ACMs could be used for drug screening as cells representative of adult-like CMs and be transplanted in the form of a cell sheet for regenerative treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Saotome
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yatsuka
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Minowa
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Shinotsuka
- Strategic Planning Department, Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Tsuchida
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hirose
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Dai
- Strategic Planning Department, Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Tokuno
- Strategic Planning Department, Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayakawa
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Next Generation Medical Business Development Division, Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hiranuma
- Strategic Planning Department, Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Hasegawa
- Strategic Planning Department, Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakatomi
- Strategic Planning Department, Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sekiya M, Kainoh K, Saito K, Yamazaki D, Tsuyuzaki T, Chen W, Kobari Y, Nakata A, Babe H, Shimano H. C-Terminal Binding Protein 2 Emerges as a Critical Player Linking Metabolic Imbalance to the Pathogenesis of Obesity. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:109-116. [PMID: 37793810 PMCID: PMC10857841 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is one of the vital functions of cells and living organisms, and the systems to sense and respond to the metabolic alterations play pivotal roles in a plethora of biological processes, including cell proliferative activities, immune cell functions, aging processes, and neuronal functions. Recently, we have reported that a transcriptional cofactor, C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2), serves as a critical metabolite sensor in this context. CtBP2 has a structural pocket called Rossmann fold to accommodate metabolites, and it has been reported to be activated upon binding to NADH/NAD+. Owing to its preferential binding affinity for NADH compared with NAD+, increased glycolysis activates CtBP2 by regenerating NADH from NAD+. Furthermore, we recently reported that fatty acyl-CoAs, metabolites accumulated under the condition of lipid overload, as represented by obesity, can inactivate CtBP2. These observations suggest that CtBP2 monitors not only redox state but also energy substrate preference in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. In line with these metabolite-sensing capabilities, CtBP2 is activated in healthy subjects to protect against metabolic disturbances, whereas inactivation of CtBP2 in obesity contributes to the pathogeneses of obesity.This metabolic system orchestrated by CtBP2 can provide a novel framework for understanding how cells maintain their homeostasis through coordination of metabolism, and CtBP2 incapacitation can be a critical point of the obesogenic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenta Kainoh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daichi Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tsuyuzaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wanpei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuto Kobari
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nakata
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruka Babe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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