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Fletcher B, Phillips R, Faust A, Cook JL, Nuelle JAV. Physical exercise to promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injury in animal models: A systematic review. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1608-1622. [PMID: 38282091 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are common injuries that often have a drastic effect on patient's activities of daily living and physical function. While techniques for the surgical repair of these injuries have improved over time, rehabilitation methods following these repairs have been non-standardized and under researched. Electronic searches were conducted in Ovid/Medline and SCOPUS to identify articles that discuss rehabilitation and exercise following peripheral nerve injury in animal models and its effects on peripheral nerve regeneration and recovery of function. Thirty-eight articles met inclusion criteria; all were prospective studies in animal models. This systematic review suggests that exercise is a useful tool in returning autonomy to the individual and has beneficial effects in the recovery from peripheral nerve injury. It is beneficial to use rehabilitation exercises following the repair of peripheral nerve injuries to promote regeneration, and timing of that exercise may be just as important as the exercise prescribed. However, further studies with standardized models and outcome measures need to be conducted before translation to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Fletcher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel Phillips
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Amanda Faust
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - James L Cook
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Julia A V Nuelle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Leite CBG, Leite MS, Varone BB, Santos GBD, Silva MDS, Pereira CAM, Lattermann C, Demange MK. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy enhances graft healing and mechanical properties after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An experimental study in rabbits. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1210-1222. [PMID: 38225877 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has proven successful in wound healing. However, its potential effects on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of HBOT on graft healing following ACL reconstruction in rabbits. Male New Zealand rabbits underwent ACL reconstruction and were randomly divided into two groups: the HBOT group and the ambient air group. The HBOT group received 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 2 h daily for 5 consecutive days, starting from the first day after surgery. The ambient air group was maintained in normal room air throughout the entire period. After 12 weeks following the surgery, animals were euthanized, and their knees were harvested for analysis. The HBOT group demonstrated superior graft maturation and integration in comparison to the ambient air group, as evidenced by lower graft signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging, decreased femoral and tibial tunnel size, and higher bone mineral density values on high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans. Additionally, biomechanical testing indicated that the HBOT group had greater load to failure and stiffness values than the ambient air group. In conclusion, the adjuvant use of HBOT improved ACL graft maturation and integration, reduced tunnel widening, and enhanced the biomechanical properties of the graft. These results may provide important insights into the potential clinical application of HBOT as a therapeutic intervention to enhance graft healing after ACL reconstruction, paving the way for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chilan Bou Ghosson Leite
- Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Cartilage Repair and Sports Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Magno Santos Leite
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental LIM05, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Butturi Varone
- Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Bispo Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Augusto Martins Pereira
- Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Cartilage Repair and Sports Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marco Kawamura Demange
- Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Easton KL, Hatch C, Stephens K, Marler D, Fidelis O, Sun X, Bowers KM, Billings C, Greenacre CB, Anderson DE, Crouch DL. Replacement of tibialis cranialis tendon with polyester, silicone-coated artificial tendon preserves biomechanical function in rabbits compared to tendon excision only. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:108. [PMID: 38303012 PMCID: PMC10836017 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial tendons may be an effective alternative to autologous and allogenic tendon grafts for repairing critically sized tendon defects. The goal of this study was to quantify the in vivo hindlimb biomechanics (ground contact pressure and sagittal-plane motion) during hopping gait of rabbits having a critically sized tendon defect of the tibialis cranialis and either with or without repair using an artificial tendon. METHODS In five rabbits, the tibialis cranialis tendon of the left hindlimb was surgically replaced with a polyester, silicone-coated artificial tendon (PET-SI); five operated control rabbits underwent complete surgical excision of the biological tibialis cranialis tendon in the left hindlimb with no replacement (TE). RESULTS At 8 weeks post-surgery, peak vertical ground contact force in the left hindlimb was statistically significantly less compared to baseline for the TE group (p = 0.0215). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis showed that, compared to baseline, the knee was significantly more extended during stance at 2 weeks post-surgery and during the swing phase of stride at 2 and 8 weeks post-surgery for the TE group (p < 0.05). Also, the ankle was significantly more plantarflexed during swing at 2 and 8 weeks postoperative for the TE group (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the SPM analysis among timepoints in the PET-SI group for the knee or ankle. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the artificial tibialis cranialis tendon effectively replaced the biomechanical function of the native tendon. Future studies should investigate (1) effects of artificial tendons on other (e.g., neuromuscular) tissues and systems and (2) biomechanical outcomes when there is a delay between tendon injury and artificial tendon implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Easton
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 306D Dougherty Engineering Bldg., 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Carter Hatch
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 306D Dougherty Engineering Bldg., 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | | | - Dylan Marler
- Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Obinna Fidelis
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 306D Dougherty Engineering Bldg., 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xiaocun Sun
- Research Computing Support, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kristin M Bowers
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Cheryl B Greenacre
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - David E Anderson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Dustin L Crouch
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 306D Dougherty Engineering Bldg., 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Kraatz B, Belabbas R, Fostowicz-Frelik Ł, Ge DY, Kuznetsov AN, Lang MM, López-Torres S, Mohammadi Z, Racicot RA, Ravosa MJ, Sharp AC, Sherratt E, Silcox MT, Słowiak J, Winkler AJ, Ruf I. Lagomorpha as a Model Morphological System. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.636402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their global distribution, invasive history, and unique characteristics, European rabbits are recognizable almost anywhere on our planet. Although they are members of a much larger group of living and extinct mammals [Mammalia, Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, and pikas)], the group is often characterized by several well-known genera (e.g., Oryctolagus, Sylvilagus, Lepus, and Ochotona). This representation does not capture the extraordinary diversity of behavior and form found throughout the order. Model organisms are commonly used as exemplars for biological research, but there are a limited number of model clades or lineages that have been used to study evolutionary morphology in a more explicitly comparative way. We present this review paper to show that lagomorphs are a strong system in which to study macro- and micro-scale patterns of morphological change within a clade that offers underappreciated levels of diversity. To this end, we offer a summary of the status of relevant aspects of lagomorph biology.
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Frosch S, Nüsse V, Frosch KH, Lehmann W, Buchhorn G. Osseointegration of 3D porous and solid Ti-6Al-4V implants - Narrow gap push-out testing and experimental setup considerations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 115:104282. [PMID: 33348214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porosity in titanium alloy materials improves the bony integration and mechanical properties of implants. In certain areas of application such as vertebral spacers or trabecular bone replacement (e.g. wedge augmentation in prosthetics), surface structures are desirable that promote bone integration and have biomechanical properties that are resistant to intraosseous load transfers and at the same time resemble the stiffness of bone to possible reduce the risk of stress shielding. In the present study, we investigated the biomechanical push-out behavior of an open-porous Ti-6Al-4V material that was produced in a space-holder and sintering method creating a 3-D through-pores trabecular design that corresponds with the inhomogeneity and size relationships of trabecular bone. The short-term and mid-term effects of the material properties on osseointegration in a biomechanical push-out study were compared to those of to a conventional solid Ti-6Al-4V material. In order to raise the measurement accuracy we implemented a strict study protocol. Pairs of cylindrical implants with a porosity of 49% and an average pore diameter of 400 μm and equal sized solid, corundum blasted devices as reference were bilaterally implanted press fit in the lateral femoral condyles of 14 rabbits. After sacrifice at 4 and 12 weeks, a push-out test was performed while the test set-up was designed to ensure conformity of implant axes and direction of applied force. Maximum holding force, Young's modulus, and mode of failure were recorded. Results of maximum push-out force (F-max) revealed a significant material effect (p < 0.05) in favor of porous implants after 4 weeks of osseohealing (6.39 vs. 3.36 N/mm2) as well as after 12 weeks of osseoremodeling (7.58 vs. 4.99 N/mm2). Evaluation of the failure mode resulted in three different types of displacement characteristics, which revealed a different mechanism of osseous anchoring between the two types of implants and substantiate the F-max and Young's modulus results. Conclusively, the porous implant offers surface properties that significantly improve its osseous stability compared to solid material under experimental conditions. In addition, we have optimized our study protocol for biomechanical push-out tests to produce precise and comparable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Frosch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Verena Nüsse
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Frosch
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gottfried Buchhorn
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Bascuñán AL, Biedrzycki A, Banks SA, Lewis DD, Kim SE. Large Animal Models for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Research. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:292. [PMID: 31555675 PMCID: PMC6727067 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large animal (non-rodent mammal) models are commonly used in ACL research, but no species is currently considered the gold standard. Important considerations when selecting a large animal model include anatomical differences, the natural course of ACL pathology in that species, and biomechanical differences between humans and the chosen model. This article summarizes recent reports related to anatomy, pathology, and biomechanics of the ACL for large animal species (dog, goat, sheep, pig, and rabbit) commonly used in ACL research. Each species has unique features and benefits as well as potential drawbacks, which are highlighted in this review. This information may be useful in the selection process when designing future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Bascuñán
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adam Biedrzycki
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Scott A Banks
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daniel D Lewis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stanley E Kim
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Critchley S, Cunniffe G, O'Reilly A, Diaz-Payno P, Schipani R, McAlinden A, Withers D, Shin J, Alsberg E, Kelly DJ. Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects Using Developmentally Inspired Cartilaginous Templates. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:159-171. [PMID: 30358516 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Successfully treating osteochondral defects involves regenerating both the damaged articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone, in addition to the complex interface that separates these tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that a cartilage template, engineered using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, can enhance the regeneration of such defects and promote the development of a more mechanically functional repair tissue. We also use a computational mechanobiological model to understand how joint-specific environmental factors, specifically oxygen levels and tissue strains, regulate the conversion of the engineered template into cartilage and bone in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Critchley
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Cunniffe
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam O'Reilly
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pedro Diaz-Payno
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rossana Schipani
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aidan McAlinden
- 3 Section of Veterinary Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jungyoun Shin
- 5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eben Alsberg
- 5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,6 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,7 National Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,8 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,9 Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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A diffusion-weighted imaging informed continuum model of the rabbit triceps surae complex. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:1729-1741. [PMID: 28516387 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The NZ white rabbit is the animal of choice for much experimental work due to its muscular frame and similar response to human diseases, and is one of the few mammals that have had their genome sequenced. However, continuum-level computational models of rabbit muscle detailing fibre architecture are limited in the literature, especially the triceps surae complex (gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus), which has similar biomechanics and translatable findings to the human. This study presents a geometrical model of the rabbit triceps surae informed with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-based fibres. Passive rabbit-specific material properties are estimated using known muscle deformation inferred from magnetic resonance imaging data and dorsiflexion force measured with a custom-built rabbit rig and transducer. Muscle shape prediction is evaluated against a second rabbit. This study revealed that the triceps surae steady-state force post-rigor is close to post-mortem for small deformations but increases by a fixed ratio as the deformation increases and can be used to evaluate the passive behaviour of muscle. DWI fibre orientation significantly influences shape and mechanics during simulated computational muscle contraction. The presented triceps surae force and material properties may be used to inform the constitutive behaviour of continuum rabbit muscle models used to investigate pathology and musculotendon treatments that may be translated to the human condition.
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Differences in joint morphology between the knee and ankle affect the repair of osteochondral defects in a rabbit model. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:110. [PMID: 27716360 PMCID: PMC5050570 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although differences in the results of the bone marrow stimulation technique between the knee and ankle have been reported, a detailed mechanism for those differences has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to examine whether morphological differences between the knee and ankle joint affect the results of drilling as treatment for osteochondral defects in a rabbit model. Methods Osteochondral defects were created at the knee and ankle joint in the rabbit. In the knee, osteochondral defects were created at the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and patellar groove (PG). At the ankle, defects were created in the talus at either a covered or uncovered area by the tibial plafond. After creating the osteochondral defect, drilling was performed. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, repair of the osteochondral defects were evaluated histologically. The proliferation of rabbit chondrocytes and proteoglycan release of cartilage tissue in response to IL-1β were analyzed in vitro in both joints. Results At 8 weeks after surgery, hyaline cartilage repair was observed in defects at the covered area of the talus and the MFC. At 12 weeks, hyaline cartilage with a normal thickness was observed for the defect at the covered area of the talus, but not for the defect at the MFC. At 12 weeks, subchondral bone formation progressed and a normal contour of subchondral bone was observed on CT in the defect at the covered area of the talus. No significant differences in chondrocyte proliferation rate and proteoglycan release were detected between the knee and ankle in vitro. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the covered areas of the talus show early and sufficient osteochondral repair compared to that of the knee and the uncovered areas of the talus. These results suggest that the congruent joint shows better subchondral repair prior to cartilage repair compared to that of the incongruent joint.
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Musculoskeletal modelling in dogs: challenges and future perspectives. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2016; 29:181-7. [PMID: 27102147 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-15-08-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal models have proven to be a valuable tool in human orthopaedics research. Recently, veterinary research started taking an interest in the computer modelling approach to understand the forces acting upon the canine musculoskeletal system. While many of the methods employed in human musculoskeletal models can applied to canine musculoskeletal models, not all techniques are applicable. This review summarizes the important parameters necessary for modelling, as well as the techniques employed in human musculoskeletal models and the limitations in transferring techniques to canine modelling research. The major challenges in future canine modelling research are likely to centre around devising alternative techniques for obtaining maximal voluntary contractions, as well as finding scaling factors to adapt a generalized canine musculoskeletal model to represent specific breeds and subjects.
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Chen G, Zhang H, Ma Q, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Fan Q, Ma B. Fresh-frozen Complete Extensor Mechanism Allograft versus Autograft Reconstruction in Rabbits. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22106. [PMID: 26911538 PMCID: PMC4766497 DOI: 10.1038/srep22106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different clinical results have been reported in the repair of extensor mechanism disruption using fresh-frozen complete extensor mechanism (CEM) allograft, creating a need for a better understanding of fresh-frozen CME allograft reconstruction. Here, we perform histological and biomechanical analyses of fresh-frozen CEM allograft or autograft reconstruction in an in vivo rabbit model. Our histological results show complete incorporation of the quadriceps tendon into the host tissues, patellar survival and total integration of the allograft tibia, with relatively fewer osteocytes, into the host tibia. Vascularity and cellularity are reduced and delayed in the allograft but exhibit similar distributions to those in the autograft. The infrapatellar fat pad provides the main blood supply, and the lowest cellularity is observed in the patellar tendon close to the tibia in both the allograft and autograft. The biomechanical properties of the junction of quadriceps tendon and host tissues and those of the allograft patellar tendon are completely and considerably restored, respectively. Therefore, fresh-frozen CEM allograft reconstruction is viable, but the distal patellar tendon and the tibial block may be the weak links of the reconstruction. These findings provide new insight into the use of allograft in repairing disruption of the extensor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yinglong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Qingyu Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Baoan Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
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Leumann A, Fortuna R, Leonard T, Valderrabano V, Herzog W. Tibiofemoral loss of contact area but no changes in peak pressures after meniscectomy in a Lapine in vivo quadriceps force transfer model. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:65-73. [PMID: 25274087 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The menisci are thought to modulate load transfer and to absorb shocks in the knee joint. No study has experimentally measured the meniscal functions in the intact, in vivo joint loaded by physiologically relevant muscular contractions. METHODS Right knee joints of seven New Zealand white rabbits were loaded using isometric contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscles controlled by femoral nerve stimulation. Isometric knee extensor torques at the maximal and two submaximal force levels were performed at knee angles of 70°, 90°, 110°, and 130°. Patellofemoral and tibiofemoral contact areas and pressure distributions were measured using Fuji Presensor film inserted above and below the menisci and also with the menisci removed. RESULTS Meniscectomy was associated with a decrease in tibiofemoral contact area ranging from 30 to 70% and a corresponding increase in average contact pressures. Contact areas measured below the menisci were consistently larger than those measured on top of the menisci. Contact areas in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ), and peak pressures in tibiofemoral and PFJs, were not affected by meniscectomy. Contact areas and peak pressures in all joints depended crucially on knee joint angle and quadriceps force: The more flexed the knee joint was, the larger were the contact areas and the higher were the peak pressures. CONCLUSIONS In agreement with the literature, removal of the menisci was associated with significant decreases in tibiofemoral contact area and corresponding increases in average contact pressures, but surprisingly, peak pressures remained unaffected, indicating that the function of the menisci is to distribute loads across a greater contact area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Leumann
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada,
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Bachy M, Sherifi I, Zadegan F, Petrover D, Petite H, Hannouche D. Anterior cruciate ligament surgery in the rabbit. J Orthop Surg Res 2013; 8:27. [PMID: 23957941 PMCID: PMC3765288 DOI: 10.1186/1749-799x-8-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various methods regarding allograft knee replacements have been described. The animal models, which are generally used for this purpose include sheep, dogs, goats, and pigs, and accrue significant costs for study protocols. The authors herein describe an efficient and cost-effective model to study either native or tissue-engineered allografts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) replacement in a New Zealand rabbit model with the potential for transgenic and cell migration studies. Methods ACL reconstructions were performed in rabbits under general anesthesia. For fresh allograft implantations, two animals were operated in parallel. Each right extensor digitorum longus tendon was harvested and prepared for implantation. After excision of the ACL, tibial and femoral bone tunnels were created to implant each graft in the native ACL position. Results During a 2-year period, the authors have successfully undertaken this surgery in 61 rabbits and have not noticed any major complications attributed to this surgical technique. In addition, the authors have observed fast recovery in the animals postoperatively. Conclusion The authors recommend this surgical procedure as an excellent model for the study of knee surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bachy
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaire (B2OA) CNRS UMR 7052, Université Denis Diderot Paris VII, Paris, France
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14
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Yang X, Willie BM, Beach JM, Wright TM, van der Meulen MCH, Bostrom MPG. Trabecular bone adaptation to loading in a rabbit model is not magnitude-dependent. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:930-4. [PMID: 23423863 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although mechanical loading is known to influence trabecular bone adaptation, the role of specific loading parameters requires further investigation. Previous studies demonstrated that the number of loading cycles and loading duration modulate the adaptive response of trabecular bone in a rabbit model of applied loading. In the current study, we investigated the influence of load magnitude on the adaptive response of trabecular bone using the rabbit model. Cyclic compressive loads, producing peak pressures of either 0.5 or 1.0 MPa, were applied daily (5 days/week) at 1 Hz and 50 cycles/day for 4 weeks post-operatively to the trabecular bone on the lateral side of the distal right femur, while the left side served as an nonloaded control. The adaptive response was characterized by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry. Bone volume fraction, bone mineral content, tissue mineral density, and mineral apposition rate (MAR) increased in loaded limbs compared to the contralateral control limbs. No load magnitude dependent difference was observed, which may reflect the critical role of loading compared to the operated, nonloaded contralateral limb. The increased MAR suggests that loading stimulated new bone formation rather than just maintaining bone volume. The absence of a dose-dependent response of trabecular bone observed in this study suggests that a range of load magnitudes should be examined for biophysical therapies aimed at augmenting current treatments to enhance long-term fixation of orthopedic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA
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15
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Taylor WR, Poepplau BM, König C, Ehrig RM, Zachow S, Duda GN, Heller MO. The medial-lateral force distribution in the ovine stifle joint during walking. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:567-71. [PMID: 20957731 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the load distribution in the knee is essential for understanding the interaction between mechanics and biology in both the healthy and diseased joint. While the sheep stifle joint is a predominant model for better understanding regeneration after injury, little is known about the compartmental force distribution between the medial and lateral condyles. By including sheep specific anatomy and gait analyses, we used computational musculoskeletal analyses to estimate the medial-lateral joint contact force distribution in ovine stifle joints during walking by simplifying the system of equations into a 2D problem that was solved directly. Gait analysis was conducted using bone markers in three female Merino-mix sheep. Joint contact forces were computed with respect to the specific anatomy of the ovine tibia, resulting in low (<0.13 bodyweight) mean anteroposterior shear forces throughout the gait cycle, with mean peak contact forces perpendicular to the tibial plateau of 2.2 times bodyweight. The medial-lateral compartmental load distribution across the tibial condyles was determined and revealed loading predominantly on the medial condyle, bearing approximately 75% of the total load during phases of peak loading. By considering the anatomical characteristics of the ovine stifle joint, together with the dynamic forces during gait, this study provides evidence for predominantly medial loading in sheep, somewhat similar to the distribution reported in man. However, the exact conditions under which the loading in the ovine stifle joint is representative of the human situation will need to be elucidated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Taylor
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Centrum für Sportwissenschaft und Sportmedizin Berlin (CSSB), Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Abstract
Is the articular cartilage of the immature ankle joint damaged by tibial lengthening? Sixteen immature rabbits underwent a 30% diaphyseal lengthening by tibial callotasis. Damage was assessed by scanning electronic microscopy and histomorphometry at the completion of distraction and after an additional 5 weeks. Despite joint contracture, little damage in the articular cartilage was observed in contrast to the knee joint. The findings show that the immature ankle joint is more resilient to stress than the knee and implies that reduced weight bearing and decreased joint movement alone are not sufficient to cause cartilage damage, at least in the ankle.
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17
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van Zuijlen MA, Vrolijk PW, van der Heyden MA. Bilateral Successive Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Treated by Extracapsular Stabilization Surgery in a Pet Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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