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Kola JB, Docsa T, Uray K. Mechanosensing in the Physiology and Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010177. [PMID: 36613619 PMCID: PMC9820522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal gastrointestinal function relies on sensing and transducing mechanical signals into changes in intracellular signaling pathways. Both specialized mechanosensing cells, such as certain enterochromaffin cells and enteric neurons, and non-specialized cells, such as smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, and resident macrophages, participate in physiological and pathological responses to mechanical signals in the gastrointestinal tract. We review the role of mechanosensors in the different cell types of the gastrointestinal tract. Then, we provide several examples of the role of mechanotransduction in normal physiology. These examples highlight the fact that, although these responses to mechanical signals have been known for decades, the mechanosensors involved in these responses to mechanical signals are largely unknown. Finally, we discuss several diseases involving the overstimulation or dysregulation of mechanotransductive pathways. Understanding these pathways and identifying the mechanosensors involved in these diseases may facilitate the identification of new drug targets to effectively treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Baffin Kola
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Dong F, Yang S, Sun H, Yan J, Guo X, Li D, Zhou D. Persistent mechanical stretch-induced calcium overload and MAPK signal activation contributed to SCF reduction in colonic smooth muscle in vivo and in vitro. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:141-148. [PMID: 27400729 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2016.1203939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) distention is a common pathological characteristic in most GI motility disorders (GMDs), however, their detail mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we focused on Ca2+ overload of smooth muscle, which is an early intracellular reaction to stretch, and its downstream MAPK signaling and also reduction of SCF in vivo and in vitro. We successfully established colonic dilation mouse model by keeping incomplete colon obstruction for 8 days. The results showed that persistent colonic dilation clearly induced Ca2+ overload and activated all the three MAPK family members including JNK, ERK and p38 in smooth muscle tissues. Similar results were obtained from dilated colon of patients with Hirschsprung's disease and stretched primary mouse colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that persistent stretch-induced Ca2+ overload was originated from extracellular Ca2+ influx and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release identified by treating with different Ca2+ channel blockers, and was responsible for the persistent activation of MAPK signaling and SCF reduction in colonic SMCs. Our results suggested that Ca2+ overload caused by smooth muscle stretch led to persistent activation of MAPK signaling which might contribute to the decrease of SCF and development of the GMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Capital Medical University , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Capital Medical University , Beijing , P. R. China.,b Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Haimei Sun
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Capital Medical University , Beijing , P. R. China.,b Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yan
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Capital Medical University , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- c Experimental Teaching Center of Preclinical Medicine , Capital Medical University , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Capital Medical University , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Deshan Zhou
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Capital Medical University , Beijing , P. R. China.,b Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research , Beijing , P. R. China
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Wang ZY, Huang X, Liu DH, Lu HL, Kim YC, Xu WX. Involvement of actin microfilament in regulation of pacemaking activity increased by hypotonic stress in cultured ICCs of murine intestine. Physiol Res 2014; 64:397-405. [PMID: 25536314 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Distension is a regular mechanical stimulus in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study was designed to investigate the effect of hypotonic stress on pacemaking activity and determine whether actin microfilament is involved in its mechanism in cultured murine intestinal interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) by using whole-cell patch-clamp and calcium imaging techniques. Hypotonic stress induced sustained inward holding current from the baseline to -650+/-110 pA and significantly decreased amplitudes of pacemaker current. Hypotonic stress increased the intensity of basal fluorescence ratio (F/F0) from baseline to 1.09+/-0.03 and significantly increased Ca(2+) oscillation amplitude. Cytochalasin-B (20 microM), a disruptor of actin microfilaments, significantly suppressed the amplitudes of pacemaker currents and calcium oscillations, respectively. Cytochalasin-B also blocked hypotonic stress-induced sustained inward holding current and hypotonic stress-induced increase of calcium oscillations. Phalloidin (20 microM), a stabilizer of actin microfilaments, significantly enhanced the amplitudes of pacemaker currents and calcium oscillations, respectively. Despite the presence of phalloidin, hypotonic stress was still able to induce an inward holding current and increased the basal fluorescence intensity. These results suggest that hypotonic stress induces sustained inward holding current via actin microfilaments and the process is mediated by alteration of intracellular basal calcium concentration and calcium oscillation in cultured intestinal ICCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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