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Scherer F, Wille S, Saure L, Schütt F, Wellhäußer B, Adelung R, Kern M. Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Infiltrated Tetrapodal Zinc Oxide in Different Variants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2112. [PMID: 38730918 PMCID: PMC11084298 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of weight ratio, the shape of the precursor particles, and the application of a phosphate-monomer-containing primer on the mechanical properties of polymer infiltrated ceramic networks (PICNs) using zinc oxide. Two different types of zinc oxide particles were used as precursors to produce zinc oxide networks by sintering, each with two different densities resulting in two different weight ratios of the PICNs. For each of these different networks, two subgroups were built: one involving the application of a phosphate-monomer-containing primer prior to the infiltration of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA and one without. Elastic modulus and flexural strength were determined by using the three-point bending test. Vertical substance loss determined by the chewing simulation was evaluated with a laser scanning microscope. There was a statistically significant influence of the type of precursor particles on the flexural strength and in some cases on the elastic modulus. The application of a primer lead to a significant increase in the flexural strength and in most cases also in the elastic modulus. A higher weight ratio of zinc oxide led to a significantly higher elastic modulus. Few statistically significant differences were found for the vertical substance loss. By varying the shape of the particles and the weight fraction of zinc oxide, the mechanical properties of the investigated PICN can be controlled. The use of a phosphate-monomer-containing primer strengthens the bond between the infiltrated polymer and the zinc oxide, thus increasing the strength of the composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Scherer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Sebastian Wille
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Lena Saure
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany; (L.S.); (F.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Fabian Schütt
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany; (L.S.); (F.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Benjamin Wellhäußer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany; (L.S.); (F.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.W.); (M.K.)
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House KL, Pan L, O'Carroll DM, Xu S. Applications of scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam milling in dental research. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12853. [PMID: 35288994 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The abilities of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) milling for obtaining high-resolution images from top surfaces, cross-sectional surfaces, and even in three dimensions, are becoming increasingly important for imaging and analyzing tooth structures such as enamel and dentin. FIB was originally developed for material research in the semiconductor industry. However, use of SEM/FIB has been growing recently in dental research due to the versatility of dual platform instruments that can be used as a milling device to obtain low-artifact cross-sections of samples combined with high-resolution images. The advent of the SEM/FIB system and accessories may offer access to previously inaccessible length scales for characterizing tooth structures for dental research, opening exciting opportunities to address many central questions in dental research. New discoveries and fundamental breakthroughs in understanding are likely to follow. This review covers the applications, key findings, and future direction of SEM/FIB in dental research in morphology imaging, specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and three-dimensional volume imaging using SEM/FIB tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal L House
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Long Pan
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deirdre M O'Carroll
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyou Xu
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Enamel Microcracks Induced by Simulated Occlusal Wear in Mature, Immature, and Deciduous Teeth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5658393. [PMID: 29850534 PMCID: PMC5926526 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5658393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enamel wear, which is inevitable due to the process of mastication, is a process in which the microcracking of enamel occurs due to the surface contacting very small hard particles. When these particles slide on enamel, a combined process of microcutting and microcracking in the surface and subsurface of the enamel takes place. The aim of this study was to detect microscopic differences in the microcrack behavior by subjecting enamel specimens derived from different age groups (immature open-apex premolars, mature closed-apex premolars, and deciduous molars) to cycles of simulated impact and sliding wear testing under controlled conditions. Our findings indicated that the characteristics of the microcracks, including the length, depth, count, orientation, and relation to microstructures differed among the study groups. The differences between the surface and subsurface microcrack characteristics were most notable in the enamel of deciduous molars followed by immature premolars and mature premolars whereby deciduous enamel suffered numerous, extensive, and branched microcracks. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that enamel surface and subsurface microcracks characteristics are dependent on the posteruptive age with deciduous enamel being the least resistant to wear based on the microcrack behavior as compared to permanent enamel.
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Qin J, Yang D, Maher S, Lima-Marques L, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Atkins GJ, Losic D. Micro- and nano-structured 3D printed titanium implants with a hydroxyapatite coating for improved osseointegration. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3136-3144. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
3D printing technology combined with electrochemical nano-structuring and HA modification is a promising approach for the fabrication of Ti implants with improved osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
- Departments of Dental Implantology
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research
- Adelaide Medical School
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Shaheer Maher
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Assiut University
| | - Luis Lima-Marques
- The Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Departments of Dental Implantology
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Jilin University
- China
| | - Yujie Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Gerald J. Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research
- Adelaide Medical School
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
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