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Bahadorani F, Hadadzadeh H, Mirahmadi-Zare SZ, Masaeli E. Nanocore-Shell Bone Filler Contained Mesoporous Silica Modified with Hydroxyapatite Precursors; Wrapped in a Natural Metal-Phenolic Network. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16090-16100. [PMID: 37921536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Various therapeutic strategies have been developed to address bone diseases caused by aging society and skeletal defects caused by trauma or accidental events. One such approach is using bone fillers, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioactive glasses. Although they have provided effective osteogenesis, infection and inflammation due to the surgical procedure and uncontrolled ion release can hinder the efficiency of bone regeneration. In response to these challenges, immobilizing a neutral metal-phenolic network on the surface of osteoconductive nanoparticles would be the master key to achieving a gradual, controlled release during the mineralization period and reducing infection and inflammation through biological pathways. In this regard, a mesoporous silica nanocomposite modified by an HA precursor was synthesized to enhance bone regeneration. In addition, to improve the therapeutic effects, its surface was wrapped with a magnesium-phenolic network made from pomegranate extract, which can simultaneously produce anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. The obtained core-shell nanocomposite was characterized by its physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. The in vitro studies revealed that the synthesized nanocomposite exhibits higher osteogenic activity than the control groups, as confirmed by alizarin red staining. Moreover, the nanocomposite maintained low toxicity as measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and increased antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli compared with the control groups. Therefore, this research presents a promising strategy for bone regeneration, combining the advantages of mesoporous silica nanocomposite modified by an HA precursor with the beneficial effects of a magnesium-phenolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bahadorani
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hassan Hadadzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Seyede Zohreh Mirahmadi-Zare
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elahe Masaeli
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran
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Bini F, Pica A, Marinozzi A, Marinozzi F. 3D Tortuosity and Diffusion Characterization in the Human Mineralized Collagen Fibril Using a Random Walk Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050558. [PMID: 37237628 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue is mainly composed at the nanoscale of apatite minerals, collagen molecules and water that form the mineralized collagen fibril (MCF). In this work, we developed a 3D random walk model to investigate the influence of bone nanostructure on water diffusion. We computed 1000 random walk trajectories of water molecules within the MCF geometric model. An important parameter to analyse transport behaviour in porous media is tortuosity, computed as the ratio between the effective path length and the straight-line distance between initial and final points. The diffusion coefficient is determined from the linear fit of the mean squared displacement of water molecules as a function of time. To achieve more insight into the diffusion phenomenon within MCF, we estimated the tortuosity and diffusivity at different quotes in the longitudinal direction of the model. Tortuosity is characterized by increasing values in the longitudinal direction. As expected, the diffusion coefficient decreases as tortuosity increases. Diffusivity outcomes confirm the findings achieved by experimental investigations. The computational model provides insights into the relation between the MCF structure and mass transport behaviour that may contribute to the improvement of bone-mimicking scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Bini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrada Pica
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Marinozzi
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Marinozzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Bini F, Pica A, Marinozzi A, Marinozzi F. 3D random walk model of diffusion in human Hypo- and Hyper- mineralized collagen fibrils. J Biomech 2021; 125:110586. [PMID: 34186294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is composed at the nanoscale of apatite minerals, collagen molecules and water that form the mineralized collagen fibril (MCF). Water has a crucial role in bone biomineralization. We developed a 3D random walk model to investigate the water diffusion process within the MCF for three different scenarios, namely low, intermediate and high mineral volume fraction. The MCF geometric model is obtained after applying 6·106 translational and rotational perturbations to an ordered arrangement of mineral. Subsequently, we compute 300 random trajectories of water molecules within the MCF for each mineral volume fraction. Every trajectory is constituted of up to 500 k positions of the water particle. We determined the diffusion coefficient from the linear fit of the mean squared displacement of water molecules as a function of time. We investigate changes in the diffusivity values in relation to variation of bone mineral content. The analysis performed on the random walk data, for all mineralization conditions, leads to diffusion coefficients in good agreement with the diffusivity outcomes achieved from previous experimental studies. Thus, the 3D geometrical configuration adopted in this numerical study appears suitable for modelling the MCF with different volume fractions, from hypo- to hyper-mineralized conditions. We observed that low mineral content is associated with an increase of the water diffusion, while lower values of diffusivity are determined in hypermineralized conditions. In agreement with experimental data, our results highlight the influence of the structural alterations on the mass transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Bini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrada Pica
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Marinozzi
- Orthopedy and Traumatology Area, "Campus Bio-Medico" University, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Marinozzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The skeleton is highly vascularized due to the various roles blood vessels play in the homeostasis of bone and marrow. For example, blood vessels provide nutrients, remove metabolic by-products, deliver systemic hormones, and circulate precursor cells to bone and marrow. In addition to these roles, bone blood vessels participate in a variety of other functions. This article provides an overview of the afferent, exchange and efferent vessels in bone and marrow and presents the morphological layout of these blood vessels regarding blood flow dynamics. In addition, this article discusses how bone blood vessels participate in bone development, maintenance, and repair. Further, mechanical loading-induced bone adaptation is presented regarding interstitial fluid flow and pressure, as regulated by the vascular system. The role of the sympathetic nervous system is discussed in relation to blood vessels and bone. Finally, vascular participation in bone accrual with intermittent parathyroid hormone administration, a medication prescribed to combat age-related bone loss, is described and age- and disease-related impairments in blood vessels are discussed in relation to bone and marrow dysfunction. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:1009-1046, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Prisby
- Bone Vascular and Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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Fathi Kazerooni A, Pozo JM, McCloskey EV, Saligheh Rad H, Frangi AF. Diffusion MRI for Assessment of Bone Quality; A Review of Findings in Healthy Aging and Osteoporosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 51:975-992. [PMID: 31709670 PMCID: PMC7078977 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a growing imaging technique with the potential to provide biomarkers of tissue variation, such as cellular density, tissue anisotropy, and microvascular perfusion. However, the role of dMRI in characterizing different aspects of bone quality, especially in aging and osteoporosis, has not yet been fully established, particularly in clinical applications. The reason lies in the complications accompanied with implementation of dMRI in assessment of human bone structure, in terms of acquisition and quantification. Bone is a composite tissue comprising different elements, each contributing to the overall quality and functional competence of bone. As diffusion is a critical biophysical process in biological tissues, early changes of tissue microstructure and function can affect diffusive properties of the tissue. While there are multiple MRI methods to detect variations of individual properties of bone quality due to aging and osteoporosis, dMRI has potential to serve as a superior method for characterizing different aspects of bone quality within the same framework but with higher sensitivity to early alterations. This is mainly because several properties of the tissue including directionality and anisotropy of trabecular bone and cell density can be collected using only dMRI. In this review article, we first describe components of human bone that can be potentially detected by their diffusivity properties and contribute to variations in bone quality during aging and osteoporosis. Then we discuss considerations and challenges of dMRI in bone imaging, current status, and suggestions for development of dMRI in research studies and clinics to segregate different contributing components of bone quality in an integrated acquisition. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:975-992.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jose M. Pozo
- CISTIB Centre for Computational Imaging & Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, School of Computing and School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Eugene Vincent McCloskey
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Centre for Integrated research in Musculoskeletal AgeingUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Hamidreza Saligheh Rad
- Quantitative MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular ImagingTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Alejandro F. Frangi
- CISTIB Centre for Computational Imaging & Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, School of Computing and School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- LICAMM Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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Gao X, Fraulob M, Haïat G. Biomechanical behaviours of the bone-implant interface: a review. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190259. [PMID: 31362615 PMCID: PMC6685012 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, cementless implants have been widely used in clinical practice to replace missing organs, to replace damaged or missing bone tissue or to restore joint functionality. However, there remain risks of failure which may have dramatic consequences. The success of an implant depends on its stability, which is determined by the biomechanical properties of the bone-implant interface (BII). The aim of this review article is to provide more insight on the current state of the art concerning the evolution of the biomechanical properties of the BII as a function of the implant's environment. The main characteristics of the BII and the determinants of implant stability are first introduced. Then, the different mechanical methods that have been employed to derive the macroscopic properties of the BII will be described. The experimental multi-modality approaches used to determine the microscopic biomechanical properties of periprosthetic newly formed bone tissue are also reviewed. Eventually, the influence of the implant's properties, in terms of both surface properties and biomaterials, is investigated. A better understanding of the phenomena occurring at the BII will lead to (i) medical devices that help surgeons to determine an implant's stability and (ii) an improvement in the quality of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- CNRS, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, UMR CNRS 8208, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
- Research Centre for Medical Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgical Devices, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Manon Fraulob
- CNRS, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, UMR CNRS 8208, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Haïat
- CNRS, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, UMR CNRS 8208, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
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Abstract
Adequate bone remodeling may be a primary parameter for long-term successful complication-free dental implant treatment. A 1.8-mm osseous thickness around dental implants is thought to be the minimum thickness for adequate vasculature for osteocyte nutrition and function. A dental implant does not provide progenitor cells or angiogenic or osteogenic factors. Thus, the surrounding bone may need to have a 1.8-mm thickness to accommodate the vasculature necessary for nutrients for appropriate remodeling. Additionally, the 1.8-mm dimension may provide for mechanical load resistance. There is no evidence to illustrate the physiologic need for the 1.8-mm dimension. This dimension requirement is based on clinical outcome observations. Basic science research for bone survival around dental implants is needed.
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Bini F, Pica A, Marinozzi A, Marinozzi F. 3D diffusion model within the collagen apatite porosity: An insight to the nanostructure of human trabecular bone. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189041. [PMID: 29220377 PMCID: PMC5722326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue at nanoscale is a composite mainly made of apatite crystals, collagen molecules and water. This work is aimed to study the diffusion within bone nanostructure through Monte-Carlo simulations. To this purpose, an idealized geometric model of the apatite-collagen structure was developed. Gaussian probability distribution functions were employed to design the orientation of the apatite crystals with respect to the axes (length L, width W and thickness T) of a plate-like trabecula. We performed numerical simulations considering the influence of the mineral arrangement on the effective diffusion coefficient of water. To represent the hindrance of the impermeable apatite crystals on the water diffusion process, the effective diffusion coefficient was scaled with the tortuosity, the constrictivity and the porosity factors of the structure. The diffusion phenomenon was investigated in the three main directions of the single trabecula and the introduction of apatite preferential orientation allowed the creation of an anisotropic medium. Thus, different diffusivities values were observed along the axes of the single trabecula. We found good agreement with previous experimental results computed by means of a genetic algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Bini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrada Pica
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Marinozzi
- Orthopedy and Traumatology Area, “Campus Bio-Medico” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Marinozzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Water at hydroxyapatite surfaces: the effect of coverage and surface termination as investigated by all-electron B3LYP-D* simulations. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yousefi AM, James PF, Akbarzadeh R, Subramanian A, Flavin C, Oudadesse H. Prospect of Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6180487. [PMID: 26880976 PMCID: PMC4736569 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6180487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the subject of many studies in recent years, ranging from basic science that looks into MSCs properties to studies that aim for developing bioengineered tissues and organs. Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been the focus of most studies due to the inherent potential of these cells to differentiate into various cell types. Although, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of cellular differentiation. These cells are another attractive stem cell source because of their ability to be reprogramed, allowing the generation of multiple cell types from a single cell. This paper briefly covers various types of stem cell sources that have been used for tissue engineering applications, with a focus on bone regeneration. Then, an overview of some recent studies making use of MSC-seeded 3D scaffold systems for bone tissue engineering has been presented. The emphasis has been placed on the reported scaffold properties that tend to improve MSCs adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh-Mitra Yousefi
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Paul F. James
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Rosa Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Aswati Subramanian
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Conor Flavin
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Hassane Oudadesse
- Sciences Chimiques, University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226, 35042 Rennes, France
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Gong T, Xie J, Liao J, Zhang T, Lin S, Lin Y. Nanomaterials and bone regeneration. Bone Res 2015; 3:15029. [PMID: 26558141 PMCID: PMC4639780 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has been increasing. Bone is a nanomaterials composed of organic (mainly collagen) and inorganic (mainly nano-hydroxyapatite) components, with a hierarchical structure ranging from nanoscale to macroscale. In consideration of the serious limitation in traditional therapies, nanomaterials provide some new strategy in bone regeneration. Nanostructured scaffolds provide a closer structural support approximation to native bone architecture for the cells and regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, which results in the formation of functional tissues. In this article, we focused on reviewing the classification and design of nanostructured materials and nanocarrier materials for bone regeneration, their cell interaction properties, and their application in bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Furthermore, some new challenges about the future research on the application of nanomaterials for bone regeneration are described in the conclusion and perspectives part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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