1
|
Hao Z, Jin X, Hickford JGH, Zhou H, Wang L, Wang J, Luo Y, Hu J, Liu X, Li S, Li M, Shi B, Ren C. Screening and identification of lncRNAs in preadipocyte differentiation in sheep. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5260. [PMID: 38438565 PMCID: PMC10912770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of preadipocyte differentiation and fat deposition in sheep have mainly focused on functional genes, and with no emphasis placed on the role that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may have on the activity of those genes. Here, the expression profile of lncRNAs in ovine preadipocyte differentiation was investigated and the differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened on day 0 (D0), day 2(D2) and day 8(D8) of ovine preadipocyte differentiation, with their target genes being predicted. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was constructed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis for functional annotation, and some differentially expressed lncRNAs were randomly selected to verify the RNA-Seq results by RT-qPCR. In the study, a total of 2517 novel lncRNAs and 3943 known lncRNAs were identified from ovine preadipocytes at the three stages of differentiation, with the highest proportion being intergenic lncRNAs. A total of 3455 lncRNAs were expressed at all three stages of preadipocyte differentiation, while 214, 226 and 228 lncRNAs were uniquely expressed at day 0, day 2 and day 8, respectively. By comparing the expression of the lncRNAs between the three stages of differentiation stages, a total of 405, 272 and 359 differentially expressed lncRNAs were found in D0-vs-D2, D0-vs-D8, and D2-vs-D8, respectively. Functional analysis revealed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were enriched in signaling pathways related to ovine preadipocyte differentiation, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway, and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway. In summary, lncRNAs from preadipocytes at different stages of differentiation in sheep were identified and screened using RNA-Seq technology, and the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in preadipocyte differentiation and lipid deposition were explored. This study provides a theoretical reference for revealing the roles of lncRNAs in ovine preadipocyte differentiation and also offers a theoretical basis for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ovine preadipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Hao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiayang Jin
- Academic Animal & Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jon G H Hickford
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Huitong Zhou
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Longbin Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingna Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingang Shi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Ren
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin LQ, Zeng HK, Luo YL, Chen DF, Ma XQ, Chen HJ, Song XY, Wu HK, Li SY. Mechanical stretch promotes apoptosis and impedes ciliogenesis of primary human airway basal stem cells. Respir Res 2023; 24:237. [PMID: 37773064 PMCID: PMC10540374 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway basal stem cells (ABSCs) have self-renewal and differentiation abilities. Although an abnormal mechanical environment related to chronic airway disease (CAD) can cause ABSC dysfunction, it remains unclear how mechanical stretch regulates the behavior and structure of ABSCs. Here, we explored the effect of mechanical stretch on primary human ABSCs. METHODS Primary human ABSCs were isolated from healthy volunteers. A Flexcell FX-5000 Tension system was used to mimic the pathological airway mechanical stretch conditions of patients with CAD. ABSCs were stretched for 12, 24, or 48 h with 20% elongation. We first performed bulk RNA sequencing to identify the most predominantly changed genes and pathways. Next, apoptosis of stretched ABSCs was detected with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and a caspase 3 activity assay. Proliferation of stretched ABSCs was assessed by measuring MKI67 mRNA expression and cell cycle dynamics. Immunofluorescence and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to demonstrate the differentiation state of ABSCs at the air-liquid interface. RESULTS Compared with unstretched control cells, apoptosis and caspase 3 activation of ABSCs stretched for 48 h were significantly increased (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001, respectively), and MKI67 mRNA levels were decreased (p < 0.0001). In addition, a significant increase in the G0/G1 population (20.2%, p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in S-phase cells (21.1%, p < 0.0001) were observed. The ratio of Krt5+ ABSCs was significantly higher (32.38% vs. 48.71%, p = 0.0037) following stretching, while the ratio of Ac-tub+ cells was significantly lower (37.64% vs. 21.29%, p < 0.001). Moreover, compared with the control, the expression of NKX2-1 was upregulated significantly after stretching (14.06% vs. 39.51%, p < 0.0001). RNA sequencing showed 285 differentially expressed genes, among which 140 were upregulated and 145 were downregulated, revealing that DDIAS, BIRC5, TGFBI, and NKX2-1 may be involved in the function of primary human ABSCs during mechanical stretch. There was no apparent difference between stretching ABSCs for 24 and 48 h compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS Pathological stretching induces apoptosis of ABSCs, inhibits their proliferation, and disrupts cilia cell differentiation. These features may be related to abnormal regeneration and repair observed after airway epithelium injury in patients with CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Kang Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Long Luo
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510799, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Guangzhou, 510799, Guangdong, China
- Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510799, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Guangzhou, 510799, Guangdong, China
| | - Di-Fei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan-Jie Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Yu Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Kai Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Yue Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith N, Shirazi S, Cakouros D, Gronthos S. Impact of Environmental and Epigenetic Changes on Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076499. [PMID: 37047469 PMCID: PMC10095074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many crucial epigenetic changes occur during early skeletal development and throughout life due to aging, disease and are heavily influenced by an individual’s lifestyle. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression as the result of changes in the environment without any mutation in the underlying DNA sequence. The epigenetic profiles of cells are dynamic and mediated by different mechanisms, including histone modifications, non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing and DNA methylation. Given the underlining role of dysfunctional mesenchymal tissues in common age-related skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, investigations into skeletal stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their functional deregulation during aging has been of great interest and how this is mediated by an evolving epigenetic landscape. The present review describes the recent findings in epigenetic changes of MSCs that effect growth and cell fate determination in the context of aging, diet, exercise and bone-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smith
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Suzanna Shirazi
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Cakouros
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8128-4395 (S.G.)
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8128-4395 (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren X, Gao X, Cheng Y, Xie L, Tong L, Li W, Chu PK, Wang H. Maintenance of multipotency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoneedle arrays through the enhancement of cell-cell interaction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1076345. [PMID: 36698633 PMCID: PMC9870049 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1076345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with high self-renewal ability and multipotency, are commonly used as the seed cells for tissue engineering. However, the reduction and loss of multipotential ability after necessary expansion in vitro set up a heavy obstacle to the clinical application of MSCs. Here in this study, we exploit the autologous crystallization ability of biocompatible poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to obtain uniformly distributed nanoneedle arrays. By controlling the molecular weight of PCL, nanoneedle with a width of 2 μm and height of 50 nm, 80 nm, and 100 nm can be successfully fabricated. After surface chemical modification with polydopamine (PDA), the water contact angle of the fabricated PCL nanoneedle arrays are reduced from 84° to almost 60° with no significant change of the nanostructure. All the fabricated substrates are cultured with bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs), and the adhesion, spreading, proliferation ability and multipotency of cells on different substrates are investigated. Compared with the BMMSCs cultured on pure PCL nanoneedle arrays, the decoration of PDA can improve the adhesion and spreading of cells and further change them from aggregated distribution to laminar distribution. Nevertheless, the laminar distribution of cultured cells leads to a weak cell-cell interaction, and hence the multipotency of BMMSCs cultured on the PCL-PDA substrates is decimated. On the contrary, the pure PCL nanoneedle arrays can be used to maintain the multipotency of BMMSCs via clustered growth, and the PCL1 nanoneedle array with a height of 50 nm is more promising than the other 2 with regard to the highest proliferation rate and best multipotential differentiation ability of cultured cells. Interestingly, there is a positive correlation between the strength of cell-cell interaction and the multipotency of stem cells in vitro. In conclusion, we have successfully maintained the multipotency of BMMSCs by using the PCL nanoneedle arrays, especially the PCL1 nanoneedle array with a height of 50 nm, as the substrates for in vitro extension, and further revealed the importance of cell-cell interaction on the multipotency of MSCs. The study provides a theoretical basis for the behavioral regulation of MSCs, and is instructive to the design of tissue engineering scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoting Gao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yicheng Cheng, ; Wei Li, ; Huaiyu Wang,
| | - Lingxia Xie
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Tong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yicheng Cheng, ; Wei Li, ; Huaiyu Wang,
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yicheng Cheng, ; Wei Li, ; Huaiyu Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Knežić T, Janjušević L, Djisalov M, Yodmuang S, Gadjanski I. Using Vertebrate Stem and Progenitor Cells for Cellular Agriculture, State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:699. [PMID: 35625626 PMCID: PMC9138761 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global food systems are under significant pressure to provide enough food, particularly protein-rich foods whose demand is on the rise in times of crisis and inflation, as presently existing due to post-COVID-19 pandemic effects and ongoing conflict in Ukraine and resulting in looming food insecurity, according to FAO. Cultivated meat (CM) and cultivated seafood (CS) are protein-rich alternatives for traditional meat and fish that are obtained via cellular agriculture (CA) i.e., tissue engineering for food applications. Stem and progenitor cells are the building blocks and starting point for any CA bioprocess. This review presents CA-relevant vertebrate cell types and procedures needed for their myogenic and adipogenic differentiation since muscle and fat tissue are the primary target tissues for CM/CS production. The review also describes existing challenges, such as a need for immortalized cell lines, or physical and biochemical parameters needed for enhanced meat/fat culture efficiency and ways to address them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Knežić
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Ljiljana Janjušević
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Mila Djisalov
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Ivana Gadjanski
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi Y, Li X, Yang J. Cx43 upregulation in HUVECs under stretch via TGF-β1 and cytoskeletal network. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:463-474. [PMID: 35350835 PMCID: PMC8919824 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological and pathophysiological processes in cells or tissues are involved in mechanical stretch, which induces the gap junction gene expression and cytokine TGF beta changes. However, the underlying mechanisms of the gap junction gene expression remain unknown. Here, we showed that the mRNA and protein levels of Cx43 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were significantly increased after 24 h stretch stimulation, and TGF beta1 (not TGF beta2) expression was also upregulated. Administration of TGF beta1 into HUVECs without stretch also induced upregulation of Cx43 expression. However, SB431542, a specific inhibitor of the TGF beta1 receptor, blocked the Cx43 protein upregulation caused by TGF beta1. Further, the increase of Cx43 protein expression under the stretch condition was partially blocked by SB431542; it was also partially blocked by simultaneous administration of anti-TGF beta1 monoclonal neutralization antibody. Importantly, the upregulation of Cx43 induced by stretch was blocked by the administration of actin and microtubule inhibitors, while NEDD4, a key element in mediating Cx43 protein ubiquitination and degradation, was not changed under the stretch condition. In conclusion, upregulation of Cx43 expression under the 24 h stretch condition is mediated via TGF beta1 receptor signaling pathway, and it also involves the actin and microtubule cytoskeletal network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinbo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Little-Letsinger SE, Rubin J, Diekman B, Rubin CT, McGrath C, Pagnotti GM, Klett EL, Styner M. Exercise to Mend Aged-tissue Crosstalk in Bone Targeting Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 123:22-35. [PMID: 34489173 PMCID: PMC8840966 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging induces alterations in bone structure and strength through a multitude of processes, exacerbating common aging- related diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Cellular hallmarks of aging are examined, as related to bone and the marrow microenvironment, and ways in which these might contribute to a variety of age-related perturbations in osteoblasts, osteocytes, marrow adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoclasts, and their respective progenitors. Cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic and intracellular communication changes are central pathways and recognized as associated and potentially causal in aging. We focus on these in musculoskeletal system and highlight knowledge gaps in the literature regarding cellular and tissue crosstalk in bone, cartilage, and the bone marrow niche. While senolytics have been utilized to target aging pathways, here we propose non-pharmacologic, exercise-based interventions as prospective "senolytics" against aging effects on the skeleton. Increased bone mass and delayed onset or progression of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are some of the recognized benefits of regular exercise across the lifespan. Further investigation is needed to delineate how cellular indicators of aging manifest in bone and the marrow niche and how altered cellular and tissue crosstalk impact disease progression, as well as consideration of exercise as a therapeutic modality, as a means to enhance discovery of bone-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SE Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - J Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - B Diekman
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Joint Departments of Biomedical Engineering NC State & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - CT Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook
| | - C McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - GM Pagnotti
- Dept of Endocrine, Neoplasia, and Hormonal Disorders, University Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - EL Klett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - M Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun Y, Wan B, Wang R, Zhang B, Luo P, Wang D, Nie JJ, Chen D, Wu X. Mechanical Stimulation on Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Surrounding Microenvironments in Bone Regeneration: Regulations and Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:808303. [PMID: 35127684 PMCID: PMC8815029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bone defects remains a challenge in the clinic. Artificial bone grafts are the most promising alternative to autologous bone grafting. However, one of the limiting factors of artificial bone grafts is the limited means of regulating stem cell differentiation during bone regeneration. As a weight-bearing organ, bone is in a continuous mechanical environment. External mechanical force, a type of biophysical stimulation, plays an essential role in bone regeneration. It is generally accepted that osteocytes are mechanosensitive cells in bone. However, recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also respond to mechanical signals. This article reviews the mechanotransduction mechanisms of MSCs, the regulation of mechanical stimulation on microenvironments surrounding MSCs by modulating the immune response, angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and the application of mechanical stimulation of MSCs in bone regeneration. The review provides a deep and extensive understanding of mechanical stimulation mechanisms, and prospects feasible designs of biomaterials for bone regeneration and the potential clinical applications of mechanical stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ben Wan
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renxian Wang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Diaodiao Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jun Nie
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jun Nie, ; Dafu Chen,
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jun Nie, ; Dafu Chen,
| | - Xinbao Wu
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hao Z, Xu Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Li H, Chen T, Hu Y, Chen R, Huang K, Chen C, Li J. Biophysical Stimuli as the Fourth Pillar of Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790050. [PMID: 34858997 PMCID: PMC8630705 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of critical bone defects remains challenging worldwide. Three canonical pillars (biomaterial scaffolds, bioactive molecules, and stem cells) of bone tissue engineering have been widely used for bone regeneration in separate or combined strategies, but the delivery of bioactive molecules has several obvious drawbacks. Biophysical stimuli have great potential to become the fourth pillar of bone tissue engineering, which can be categorized into three groups depending on their physical properties: internal structural stimuli, external mechanical stimuli, and electromagnetic stimuli. In this review, distinctive biophysical stimuli coupled with their osteoinductive windows or parameters are initially presented to induce the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Then, osteoinductive mechanisms of biophysical transduction (a combination of mechanotransduction and electrocoupling) are reviewed to direct the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These mechanisms include biophysical sensing, transmission, and regulation. Furthermore, distinctive application strategies of biophysical stimuli are presented for bone tissue engineering, including predesigned biomaterials, tissue-engineered bone grafts, and postoperative biophysical stimuli loading strategies. Finally, ongoing challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanke Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingkun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renxin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kegang Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Proactive Health Management Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hefeng Central Hospital, Enshi, China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Walters B, Turner PA, Rolauffs B, Hart ML, Stegemann JP. Controlled Growth Factor Delivery and Cyclic Stretch Induces a Smooth Muscle Cell-like Phenotype in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113123. [PMID: 34831345 PMCID: PMC8624888 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are an abundant and easily accessible multipotent stem cell source with potential application in smooth muscle regeneration strategies. In 3D collagen hydrogels, we investigated whether sustained release of growth factors (GF) PDGF-AB and TGF-β1 from GF-loaded microspheres could induce a smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype in ASCs, and if the addition of uniaxial cyclic stretch could enhance the differentiation level. This study demonstrated that the combination of cyclic stretch and GF release over time from loaded microspheres potentiated the differentiation of ASCs, as quantified by protein expression of early to late SMC differentiation markers (SMA, TGLN and smooth muscle MHC). The delivery of GFs via microspheres produced large ASCs with a spindle-shaped, elongated SMC-like morphology. Cyclic strain produced the largest, longest, and most spindle-shaped cells regardless of the presence or absence of growth factors or the growth factor delivery method. Protein expression and cell morphology data confirmed that the sustained release of GFs from GF-loaded microspheres can be used to promote the differentiation of ASCs into SMCs and that the addition of uniaxial cyclic stretch significantly enhances the differentiation level, as quantified by intermediate and late SMC markers and a SMC-like elongated cell morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandan Walters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (B.W.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Paul A. Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (B.W.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Melanie L. Hart
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.L.H.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: +49-(761)-270-26102 (M.L.H.); +001-(734)-764-8313 (J.P.S.)
| | - Jan P. Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (B.W.); (P.A.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.H.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: +49-(761)-270-26102 (M.L.H.); +001-(734)-764-8313 (J.P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qiu Y, Zhu G, Zeng C, Yuan S, Qian Y, Ye Z, Zhao S, Li R. Next‑generation sequencing of miRNAs and lncRNAs from rat femur and tibia under mechanical stress. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:561. [PMID: 34109424 PMCID: PMC8201655 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise intervention has become one of the most effective methods to prevent and treat osteoporosis, which is a common age‑related disease and seriously affects the health and quality of life of the elderly. However, the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated the exercise‑induced promotion of osteogenic differentiation and inhibition of adipogenic differentiation in femur and tibia by establishing an animal exercise model using a treadmill exercise system. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) and long non‑coding (lnc)RNA sequencing analyses identified 16 upregulated and two downregulated miRNAs in the exercise group, as well as 44 upregulated lncRNAs and 39 downregulated lncRNAs in the exercise group. There was increased expression of miR‑9942 and miR‑7704 in both the femur and tibia and an upregulation of miR‑30d, miR‑5100 and miR‑1260 in the femur of animals from the exercise group. In addition, four of the five most downregulated lncRNAs, including lncRNA MSTRG.2625, lncRNA MSTRG.1557, lncRNA MSTRG.691 and lncRNA MSTRG.7497, were demonstrated to be suppressed in both the femur and tibia after treadmill exercise. The results of the present study provided a valuable resource for further exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of osteoporosis by exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Section II, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Guozheng Zhu
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Canjun Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
| | - Song Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, Tibet 860000, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
| | - Zelin Ye
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shanwen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
| | - Runguang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, Tibet 860000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fabiś J, Danilewicz M, Niedzielski KR, Waszczykowski M, Fabiś-Strobin A, Bogucki A. The eccentric mechanotransduction, neuro-muscular transmission, and structural reversibility of muscle fatty infiltration. An experimental advanced disuse muscle-wasting model of rabbit supraspinatus. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1400-1407. [PMID: 34522269 PMCID: PMC8425242 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/131956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Full-thickness rotator cuff tear is present in almost 50% of patients over age 65 years, and its degree is known to be a good predictor of the severity of muscle-wasting (MW) sarcopaenia, also known as fatty degeneration (FD). A FD CT grade > 2° is recognized as a borderline of its reversibility. A disuse model of supraspinatus FD (grade 2) in rabbits provides clinically relevant data. Therefore, the present study evaluates the correlation between eccentric mechanotransduction, neuromuscular transmission (NT), and reversibility of muscle fatty infiltration (MFI) in rabbit supraspinatus FD > 2°. MATERIAL AND METHODS The supraspinatus tendon was detached from the greater tubercle, infraspinatus, and subscapularis in 16 rabbits. The tendon was reinserted after 12 weeks, and the animals were euthanized 24 weeks after reconstruction. MFI was measured in the middle part of the supraspinatus. Single-fibre EMG (SFEMG) examination of the supraspinatus NT was performed on 4 animals. RESULTS The power of analysis was 99%. Significant differences in MFI volume were found between the operated (4.6 ±1.1%) and the opposite control sides (2.91 ±0.61%) (p < 0.001). SFEMG revealed no significant differences between the disuse and the control supraspinatus muscles (p > 0.05); however, 6.5% of the examined muscle fibres exhibited NT disorders combined with blockade of conduction in 2.5% of muscle fibres. CONCLUSIONS Critical MFI in a disuse model of rabbit supraspinatus FD, CT grade > 2°, is substantially reversible by eccentric training despite subclinical impairment of neuromuscular transmission. In addition, 0.63% reversal of MFI is correlated with 1% hypertrophy of type I and II muscle fibre diameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Fabiś
- Department of Arthroscopy, Minimally Invasive Surgery and Sports Traumatology Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marian Danilewicz
- Morphometry Division, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kryspin R. Niedzielski
- Clinic of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Waszczykowski
- Department of Arthroscopy, Minimally Invasive Surgery and Sports Traumatology Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Fabiś-Strobin
- Clinic of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bogucki
- Department of Extrapyramidal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Little-Letsinger SE, Pagnotti GM, McGrath C, Styner M. Exercise and Diet: Uncovering Prospective Mediators of Skeletal Fragility in Bone and Marrow Adipose Tissue. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:774-789. [PMID: 33068251 PMCID: PMC7736569 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight recent basic, translational, and clinical works demonstrating exercise and diet regulation of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and bone and how this informs current understanding of the relationship between marrow adiposity and musculoskeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS Marrow adipocytes accumulate in the bone in the setting of not only hypercaloric intake (calorie excess; e.g., diet-induced obesity) but also with hypocaloric intake (calorie restriction; e.g., anorexia), despite the fact that these states affect bone differently. With hypercaloric intake, bone quantity is largely unaffected, whereas with hypocaloric intake, bone quantity and quality are greatly diminished. Voluntary running exercise in rodents was found to lower MAT and promote bone in eucaloric and hypercaloric states, while degrading bone in hypocaloric states, suggesting differential modulation of MAT and bone, dependent upon whole-body energy status. Energy status alters bone metabolism and bioenergetics via substrate availability or excess, which plays a key role in the response of bone and MAT to mechanical stimuli. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a fat depot with a potential role in-as well as responsivity to-whole-body energy metabolism. Understanding the localized function of this depot in bone cell bioenergetics and substrate storage, principally in the exercised state, will aid to uncover putative therapeutic targets for skeletal fragility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Gabriel M Pagnotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Contreras GA, Yang Y, Flood ED, Garver H, Bhattacharya S, Fink GD, Watts SW. Blood pressure changes PVAT function and transcriptome: use of the mid-thoracic aorta coarcted rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1313-H1324. [PMID: 33006918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00332.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) modifies the contractile function of the vessel it surrounds (outside-in signaling). Little work points to the vessel actively affecting its surrounding PVAT. We hypothesized that inside-out arterial signaling to PVAT would be evidenced by the response of PVAT to changes in tangential vascular wall stress. Rats coarcted in the mid-thoracic aorta created PVAT tissues that would exemplify pressure-dependent changes (above vs. below coarctation); a sham rat was used as a control. Radiotelemetry revealed a ∼20 mmHg systolic pressure gradient across the coarctation 4 wk after surgery. Four measures (histochemical, adipocyte progenitor proliferation and differentiation, isometric tone, and bulk mRNA sequencing) were used to compare PVAT above versus below the ligature in sham and coarcted rats. Neither aortic collagen deposition in PVAT nor arterial media/radius ratio above coarctation was increased versus below segments. However, differentiated adipocytes derived from PVAT above the coarctation accumulated substantially less triglycerides versus those below; their relative proliferation rate as adipogenic precursors was not different. Functionally, the ability of PVAT to assist stress relaxation of isolated aorta was reduced in rings above versus below the coarctation. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the coarctation resulted in more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PVAT above versus below when compared with sham samples from the same locations. A majority of DEGs were in PVAT below the coarctation and were enriched in neuronal/synaptic terms. These findings provide initial evidence that signaling from the vascular wall, as stimulated by a pressure change, influences the function and transcriptional profile of its PVAT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A mid-thoracic aorta coarcted rat was created to generate a stable pressure difference above versus below the coarctation ligature. This study determined that the PVAT around the thoracic aorta exposed to a higher pressure has a significantly reduced ability to assist stress relaxation versus that below the ligature and appears to retain the ability to be anticontractile. At the same time, the PVAT around the thoracic aorta exposed to higher pressure had a reduced adipogenic potential versus that below the ligature. Transcriptomics analyses indicated that PVAT below the coarctation showed the greatest number of DEGs with an increased profile of the synaptic neurotransmitter gene network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Emma D Flood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Hannah Garver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Gregory D Fink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tseng SJ, Wu CC, Cheng CH, Lin JC. Studies of surface grafted collagen and transforming growth factor β1 combined with cyclic stretching as a dual chemical and physical stimuli approach for rat adipose-derived stem cells (rADSCs) chondrogenesis differentiation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104062. [PMID: 32891975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipose-derived stem cell has been used in various regenerative medicine research due to its multiple differentiation capabilities. Developing a stable and quick approach for the differentiation of stem cells is a critical issue in tissue regenerative field. In this investigation, rat adipose-derived stem cells (rADSCs) were seeded onto the type I collagen/transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) immobilized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and then combined with short term dynamic stretching stimulation (intermittent or continuous stretching for 6 h) to induce the rADSCs chondrogenesis differentiation using the induction medium without growth factors added in vitro. Via regulating the extracellular chemical- and mechano-receptors of the cultured rADSCs, the chondrogenic differentiation was examined. After 72 h of static culture, proteoglycan secretion was noted on the surfaces modified by collagen with or without TGF-β1. After different stretching stimulations, significant proteoglycan secretion was noted on the surface modified by both collagen and collagen/TGF-β1, especially after the intermittent stretching culturing. Nonetheless, genetic expression of the chondrogenic markers: SOX-9, Col2a1, and aggrecan, instead, were dependent upon the surface grafted layer and the stretching mode utilized. These findings suggested that the surface chemical characteristics and external mechanical stimulation could synergistically affect the efficacy of chondrogenic differentiation of rADSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Jui Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hui Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Che Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu S, Huang J, Wang X, Ma Y. Transcription factors regulate adipocyte differentiation in beef cattle. Anim Genet 2020; 51:351-357. [PMID: 32253788 DOI: 10.1111/age.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a critical factor affecting meat flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and color. Therefore, the improvement of IMF content is one of the hotspots of animal science research. Fat deposition is the result of a combination of increased number of fat cells and cellular hypertrophy. In addition, transcription factors can influence the number of adipocytes and regulate lipid metabolism. The progress of the transcription factors regulating adipocyte differentiation in beef cattle, including IMF cell sources, and promoting or inhibiting adipogenic differentiation of transcription factors is reviewed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helan Mountain West Road 489, 750021, Yin Chuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - J Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Nanhu Road 237, 464000, Xinyang, Henan Province, China
| | - X Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helan Mountain West Road 489, 750021, Yin Chuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Y Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helan Mountain West Road 489, 750021, Yin Chuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.,College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Nanhu Road 237, 464000, Xinyang, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Suchý T, Zieschang C, Popkova Y, Kaczmarek I, Weiner J, Liebing AD, Çakir MV, Landgraf K, Gericke M, Pospisilik JA, Körner A, Heiker JT, Dannenberger D, Schiller J, Schöneberg T, Liebscher I, Thor D. The repertoire of Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors in adipocytes and their functional relevance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:2124-2136. [PMID: 32203115 PMCID: PMC7508673 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are well-characterized regulators of a plethora of physiological functions among them the modulation of adipogenesis and adipocyte function. The class of Adhesion GPCR (aGPCR) and their role in adipose tissue, however, is poorly studied. With respect to the demand for novel targets in obesity treatment, we present a comprehensive study on the expression and function of this enigmatic GPCR class during adipogenesis and in mature adipocytes. METHODS The expression of all aGPCR representatives was determined by reanalyzing RNA-Seq data and by performing qPCR in different mouse and human adipose tissues under low- and high-fat conditions. The impact of aGPCR expression on adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation was studied by siRNA-mediated knockdown of all expressed members of this receptor class. The biological characteristics and function of mature adipocytes lacking selected aGPCR were analyzed by mass spectrometry and biochemical methods (lipolysis, glucose uptake, adiponectin secretion). RESULTS More than ten aGPCR are significantly expressed in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and several aGPCR are differentially regulated under high-caloric conditions in human and mouse. Receptor knockdown of six receptors resulted in an impaired adipogenesis indicating their expression is essential for proper adipogenesis. The altered lipid composition was studied in more detail for two representatives, ADGRG2/GPR64 and ADGRG6/GPR126. While GPR126 is mainly involved in adipocyte differentiation, GPR64 has an additional role in mature adipocytes by regulating metabolic processes. CONCLUSIONS Adhesion GPCR are significantly involved in qualitative and quantitative adipocyte lipid accumulation and can control lipolysis. Factors driving adipocyte formation and function are governed by signaling pathways induced by aGPCR yielding these receptors potential targets for treating obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Suchý
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Zieschang
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yulia Popkova
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabell Kaczmarek
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aenne-Dorothea Liebing
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mehmet Volkan Çakir
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell biology, Medical Faculty, Halle University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Boeri L, Albani D, Raimondi MT, Jacchetti E. Mechanical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic translocation in mesenchymal stem cells: characterization and methods for investigation. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:817-831. [PMID: 31628607 PMCID: PMC6815268 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immune-modulatory and tissue-regenerative properties that make them a suitable and promising tool for cell-based therapy application. Since the bio-chemo-mechanical environment influences MSC fate and behavior, the understanding of the mechanosensors involved in the transduction of mechanical inputs into chemical signals could be pivotal. In this context, the nuclear pore complex is a molecular machinery that is believed to have a key role in force transmission and in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling regulation. To fully understand the nuclear pore complex role and the nucleocytoplasmic transport dynamics, recent advancements in fluorescence microscopy provided the possibility to study passive and facilitated nuclear transports also in mechanically stimulated cell culture conditions. Here, we review the current available methods for the investigation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, including photo-perturbation-based approaches, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and single-particle tracking techniques. For each method, we analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and technical limitations. Finally, we summarize the recent knowledge on mechanical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic translocation in MSC, the relevant progresses made so far, and the future perspectives in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Boeri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schrumpf JA, Ninaber DK, van der Does AM, Hiemstra PS. TGF-β1 Impairs Vitamin D-Induced and Constitutive Airway Epithelial Host Defense Mechanisms. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:74-89. [PMID: 30970352 DOI: 10.1159/000497415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium is an important site for local vitamin D (VD) metabolism; this can be negatively affected by inflammatory mediators. VD is an important regulator of respiratory host defense, for example, by increasing the expression of hCAP18/LL-37. TGF-β1 is increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and known to decrease the expression of constitutive host defense mediators such as secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). VD has been shown to affect TGF-β1-signaling by inhibiting TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. However, interactions between VD and TGF-β1, relevant for the understanding host defense in COPD, are incompletely understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the combined effects of VD and TGF-β1 on airway epithelial cell host defense mechanisms. Exposure to TGF-β1 reduced both baseline and VD-induced expression of hCAP18/LL-37, partly by increasing the expression of the VD-degrading enzyme CYP24A1. TGF-β1 alone decreased the number of secretory club and goblet cells and reduced the expression of constitutive host defense mediators SLPI, s/lPLUNC and pIgR, effects that were not modulated by VD. These results suggest that TGF-β1 may decrease the respiratory host defense both directly by reducing the expression of host defense mediators, and indirectly by affecting VD-mediated effects such as expression of hCAP18/LL-37.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn A Schrumpf
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,
| | - Dennis K Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rogers EH, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Hunt JA. Mechanical stretch and chronotherapeutic techniques for progenitor cell transplantation and biomaterials. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2018; 8:14. [PMID: 30141401 PMCID: PMC6108224 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2018080314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the body, mesenchymal progenitor cells are subjected to a substantial amount external force from different mechanical stresses, each potentially influences their behaviour and maintenance differentially. Tensile stress, or compression loading are just two of these forces, and here we examine the role of cyclical or dynamic mechanical loading on progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as on other cellular processes including cell morphology, apoptosis and matrix mineralisation. Moreover, we also examine how mechanical stretch can be used to optimise and ready biomaterials before their implantation, and examine the role of the circadian rhythm, the body's innate time keeping system, on biomaterial delivery and acceptance. Finally, we also investigate the effect of mechanical stretch on the circadian rhythm of progenitor cells, as research suggests that mechanical stimulation may be sufficient in itself to synchronise the circadian rhythm of human adult progenitor cells alone, and has also been linked to progenitor cell function. If proven correct, this could offer a novel, non-intrusive method by which human adult progenitor cells may be activated or preconditioned, being readied for differentiation, so that they may be more successfully integrated within a host body, thereby improving tissue engineering techniques and the efficacy of cellular therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve Helena Rogers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, the William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, UK, L7 8TX
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, the William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, UK, L7 8TX
| | - John Alan Hunt
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Nottingham, UK, NG11 8NS
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Baker J, Nederveen JP, Ibrahim G, Ivankovic V, Joanisse S, Parise G. Exercise training differentially alters axial and appendicular marrow cellularity in old mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:523-527. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging gradually renders bone marrow hematopoietically inactive. Endurance exercise reverses this phenotype in young mice. Here, we determine the effects in aged mice. Twenty-two month old mice (n = 6) underwent a progressive exercise training protocol. In appendicular bones, marrow cellularity increased by 51% (p < 0.05) and marrow CFU, CFU-GM, and CAFC increased by 12%, 71%, and 86%, respectively (p < 0.05). Vertebral cellularity remained unchanged. The mechanical forces associated with treadmill exercise training may be responsible for these observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Baker
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Joshua P. Nederveen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - George Ibrahim
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Victoria Ivankovic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kang P, Kumar S, Schaffer D. Novel biomaterials to study neural stem cell mechanobiology and improve cell-replacement therapies. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 4:13-20. [PMID: 29399646 PMCID: PMC5791915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a valuable cell source for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening applications. Analogous to other stem cells, NSCs are tightly regulated by their microenvironmental niche, and prior work utilizing NSCs as a model system with engineered biomaterials has offered valuable insights into how biophysical inputs can regulate stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. In this review, we highlight recent exciting studies with innovative material platforms that enable narrow stiffness gradients, mechanical stretching, temporal stiffness switching, and three-dimensional culture to study NSCs. These studies have significantly advanced our knowledge of how stem cells respond to an array of different biophysical inputs and the underlying mechanosensitive mechanisms. In addition, we discuss efforts to utilize engineered material scaffolds to improve NSC-based translational efforts and the importance of mechanobiology in tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Physical Biosciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Schaffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carroll SF, Buckley CT, Kelly DJ. Cyclic Tensile Strain Can Play a Role in Directing both Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:73. [PMID: 29230389 PMCID: PMC5712005 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Successfully regenerating damaged or diseased bone and other joint tissues will require a detailed understanding of how joint specific environmental cues regulate the fate of progenitor cells that are recruited or delivered to the site of injury. The goal of this study was to explore the role of cyclic tensile strain (CTS) in regulating the initiation of mesenchymal stem cell/multipotent stromal cell (MSC) differentiation, and specifically their progression along the endochondral pathway. To this end, we first explored the influence of CTS on the differentiation of MSCs in the absence of any specific growth factor, and secondly, we examined the influence of the long-term application of this mechanical stimulus on markers of endochondral ossification in MSCs maintained in chondrogenic culture conditions. A custom bioreactor was developed to apply uniaxial tensile deformation to bone marrow-derived MSCs encapsulated within physiological relevant 3D fibrin hydrogels. Mechanical loading, applied in the absence of soluble differentiation factors, was found to enhance the expression of both tenogenic (COL1A1) and osteogenic markers (BMP2, RUNX2, and ALPL), while suppressing markers of adipogenesis. No evidence of chondrogenesis was observed, suggesting that CTS can play a role in initiating direct intramembranous ossification. During long-term culture in the presence of a chondrogenic growth factor, CTS was shown to induce MSC re-organization and alignment, increase proteoglycan and collagen production, and to enhance the expression of markers associated with endochondral ossification (BMP2, RUNX2, ALPL, OPN, and COL10A1) in a strain magnitude-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings indicate that tensile loading may play a key role in promoting both intramembranous and endochondral ossification of MSCs in a context-dependent manner. In both cases, this loading-induced promotion of osteogenesis was correlated with an increase in the expression of the osteogenic growth factor BMP2. The results of this study demonstrate the potent role that extrinsic mechanical loading plays in guiding stem cell fate, which must be carefully considered when designing cell and tissue-engineering therapies if they are to realize their clinical potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon F. Carroll
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xiao Z, Baudry J, Cao L, Huang J, Chen H, Yates CR, Li W, Dong B, Waters CM, Smith JC, Quarles LD. Polycystin-1 interacts with TAZ to stimulate osteoblastogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:157-174. [PMID: 29202470 DOI: 10.1172/jci93725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that transduce the osteoblast response to physical forces in the bone microenvironment are poorly understood. Here, we used genetic and pharmacological experiments to determine whether the polycystins PC1 and PC2 (encoded by Pkd1 and Pkd2) and the transcriptional coactivator TAZ form a mechanosensing complex in osteoblasts. Compound-heterozygous mice lacking 1 copy of Pkd1 and Taz exhibited additive decrements in bone mass, impaired osteoblast-mediated bone formation, and enhanced bone marrow fat accumulation. Bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts derived from these mice showed impaired osteoblastogenesis and enhanced adipogenesis. Increased extracellular matrix stiffness and application of mechanical stretch to multipotent mesenchymal cells stimulated the nuclear translocation of the PC1 C-terminal tail/TAZ (PC1-CTT/TAZ) complex, leading to increased runt-related transcription factor 2-mediated (Runx2-mediated) osteogenic and decreased PPARγ-dependent adipogenic gene expression. Using structure-based virtual screening, we identified a compound predicted to bind to PC2 in the PC1:PC2 C-terminal tail region with helix:helix interaction. This molecule stimulated polycystin- and TAZ-dependent osteoblastogenesis and inhibited adipogenesis. Thus, we show that polycystins and TAZ integrate at the molecular level to reciprocally regulate osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation, indicating that the polycystins/TAZ complex may be a potential therapeutic target to increase bone mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerome Baudry
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Brittany Dong
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher M Waters
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mechanical Stress Regulates Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells through PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6027402. [PMID: 28286769 PMCID: PMC5329655 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6027402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are regarded as being of great importance in the regulation of bone remodeling. In this study, rat BMSCs were exposed to different levels of cyclic mechanical stress generated by liquid drops and cultured in general medium or adipogenic medium. Markers of osteogenic (Runx2 and Collagen I) and adipogenic (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and lipid droplets) differentiation were detected using Western blot and histological staining. The protein levels of members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway were also examined. Results showed that small-magnitude stress significantly upregulated Runx2 and Collagen I and downregulated PPARγ and C/EBPα expression in BMSCs cultured in adipogenic medium, while large-magnitude stress reversed the effect when compared with unloading groups. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could be strongly activated by mechanical stimulation; however, large-magnitude stress led to decreased activation of the signaling pathway when compared with small-magnitude stress. Activation of β-catenin with LiCl led to increased expression of Runx2 and Collagen I and reduction of C/EBPα and PPARγ expression in BMSCs. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling partially blocked the expression of β-catenin. Taken together, our results indicate that mechanical stress-regulated osteogenesis and adipogenesis of rat BMSCs are mediated, at least in part, by the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
26
|
Heo SJ, Driscoll TP, Thorpe SD, Nerurkar NL, Baker BM, Yang MT, Chen CS, Lee DA, Mauck RL. Differentiation alters stem cell nuclear architecture, mechanics, and mechano-sensitivity. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27901466 PMCID: PMC5148611 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is mediated by soluble and physical cues. In this study, we investigated differentiation-induced transformations in MSC cellular and nuclear biophysical properties and queried their role in mechanosensation. Our data show that nuclei in differentiated bovine and human MSCs stiffen and become resistant to deformation. This attenuated nuclear deformation was governed by restructuring of Lamin A/C and increased heterochromatin content. This change in nuclear stiffness sensitized MSCs to mechanical-loading-induced calcium signaling and differentiated marker expression. This sensitization was reversed when the 'stiff' differentiated nucleus was softened and was enhanced when the 'soft' undifferentiated nucleus was stiffened through pharmacologic treatment. Interestingly, dynamic loading of undifferentiated MSCs, in the absence of soluble differentiation factors, stiffened and condensed the nucleus, and increased mechanosensitivity more rapidly than soluble factors. These data suggest that the nucleus acts as a mechanostat to modulate cellular mechanosensation during differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Heo
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tristan P Driscoll
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stephen D Thorpe
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nandan L Nerurkar
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, United States
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, United States
| | - Michael T Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, United States
| | - David A Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|