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Morici L, Allémann E, Rodríguez-Nogales C, Jordan O. Cartilage-targeted drug nanocarriers for osteoarthritis therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 666:124843. [PMID: 39424088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease common worldwide. Currently, no disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) have successfully passed clinical trials, often due to a lack of cartilage penetration. Thus, targeting the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major priority. The design of cartilage-targeting drug delivery systems (DDSs) for intra-articular administration requires consideration of the physicochemical properties of articular cartilage, such as its porosity and negative fixed charge. Various positively charged biomaterials such as polyaminoacids, proteins, polymers, and lipids can be used as DDSs to enhance cartilage penetration. Cationic nanocarriers interact electrostatically with anionic glycosaminoglycans of the ECM, ensuring passive cartilage-targeting penetration and prolonged retention. Active targeting strategies involve DDSs surface decoration using antibodies or peptides with a strong affinity for collagen II and chondrocytes in the cartilage. This review presents all the relevant bio-physicochemical properties of healthy and OA cartilages, as well as state-of-the-art intra-articular cartilage-targeted DDSs, intending to better understand the recent advances in the application of cartilage-targeting delivery systems for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morici
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Nogales
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
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2
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Todd EA, Mirsky NA, Silva BLG, Shinde AR, Arakelians ARL, Nayak VV, Marcantonio RAC, Gupta N, Witek L, Coelho PG. Functional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Materials, Methods, and Future Directions. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:280. [PMID: 39452579 PMCID: PMC11509029 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration is a rapidly evolving field aimed at the development of biocompatible materials and devices, such as scaffolds, to treat diseased and damaged osseous tissue. Functional scaffolds maintain structural integrity and provide mechanical support at the defect site during the healing process, while simultaneously enabling or improving regeneration through amplified cellular cues between the scaffold and native tissues. Ample research on functionalization has been conducted to improve scaffold-host tissue interaction, including fabrication techniques, biomaterial selection, scaffold surface modifications, integration of bioactive molecular additives, and post-processing modifications. Each of these methods plays a crucial role in enabling scaffolds to not only support but actively participate in the healing and regeneration process in bone and joint surgery. This review provides a state-of-the-art, comprehensive overview of the functionalization of scaffold-based strategies used in tissue engineering, specifically for bone regeneration. Critical issues and obstacles are highlighted, applications and advances are described, and future directions are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ann Todd
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Bruno Luís Graciliano Silva
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Ankita Raja Shinde
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Aris R. L. Arakelians
- Division of Plastic Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Division of Plastic Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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3
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Whiteley JP, Brown CP, Gaffney EA. Sensitivity of cartilage mechanical behaviour to spatial variations in material properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 156:106575. [PMID: 38824865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Articular cartilage tissue exhibits a spatial dependence in material properties that govern mechanical behaviour. A mathematical model of cartilage tissue under one dimensional confined compression testing is developed for normal tissue that takes account of these variations in material properties. Modifications to the model representative of a selection of mechanisms driving osteoarthritic cartilage are proposed, allowing application of the model to both physiological and pathophysiological, osteoarthritic tissue. Incorporating spatial variations into the model requires the specification of more parameters than are required in the absence of these variations. A global sensitivity analysis of these parameters is implemented to identify the dominant mechanisms of mechanical response, in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage tissue, to both static and dynamic loading. The most sensitive parameters differ between dynamic and static mechanics of the cartilage, and also differ between physiological and osteoarthritic pathophysiological cartilage. As a consequence changes in cartilage mechanics in response to alterations in cartilage structure are predicted to be contingent on the nature of loading and the health, or otherwise, of the cartilage. In particular the mechanical response of cartilage, especially deformation, is predicted to be much more sensitive to cartilage stiffness in the superficial zone given the onset of osteoarthritic changes to material properties, such as superficial zone increases in permeability and reductions in fixed charge. In turn this indicates that any degenerative changes in the stiffness associated with the superficial cartilage collagen mesh are amplified if other elements of osteoarthritic disease are present, which provides a suggested mechanism-based explanation for observations that the range of mechanical parameters representative of normal and osteoarthritic tissue can overlap substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Whiteley
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Cameron P Brown
- MMPE, MERF, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Eamonn A Gaffney
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Woodstock Road, OX2 6GG, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Yu L, Cavelier S, Hannon B, Wei M. Recent development in multizonal scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:122-159. [PMID: 36817819 PMCID: PMC9931622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) repair is an extremely challenging topic due to the complex biphasic structure and poor intrinsic regenerative capability of natural osteochondral tissue. In contrast to the current surgical approaches which yield only short-term relief of symptoms, tissue engineering strategy has been shown more promising outcomes in treating OC defects since its emergence in the 1990s. In particular, the use of multizonal scaffolds (MZSs) that mimic the gradient transitions, from cartilage surface to the subchondral bone with either continuous or discontinuous compositions, structures, and properties of natural OC tissue, has been gaining momentum in recent years. Scrutinizing the latest developments in the field, this review offers a comprehensive summary of recent advances, current hurdles, and future perspectives of OC repair, particularly the use of MZSs including bilayered, trilayered, multilayered, and gradient scaffolds, by bringing together onerous demands of architecture designs, material selections, manufacturing techniques as well as the choices of growth factors and cells, each of which possesses its unique challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Sacha Cavelier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Brett Hannon
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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Locke RC, Zlotnick HM, Stoeckl BD, Fryhofer GW, Galarraga JH, Dhand AP, Zgonis MH, Carey JL, Burdick JA, Mauck RL. Linguistic Analysis Identifies Emergent Biomaterial Fabrication Trends for Orthopaedic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202591. [PMID: 36657736 PMCID: PMC10121863 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The expanse of publications in tissue engineering (TE) and orthopedic TE (OTE) over the past 20 years presents an opportunity to probe emergent trends in the field to better guide future technologies that can make an impact on musculoskeletal therapies. Leveraging this trove of knowledge, a hierarchical systematic search method and trend analysis using connected network mapping of key terms is developed. Within discrete time intervals, an accelerated publication rate for anatomic orthopedic tissue engineering (AOTE) of osteochondral defects, tendons, menisci, and entheses is identified. Within these growing fields, the top-listed key terms are extracted and stratified into evident categories, such as biomaterials, delivery method, or 3D printing and biofabrication. It is then identified which categories decreased, remained constant, increased, or emerged over time, identifying the specific emergent categories currently driving innovation in orthopedic repair technologies. Together, these data demonstrate a significant convergence of material types and descriptors used across tissue types. From this convergence, design criteria to support future research of anatomic constructs that mimic both the form and function of native tissues are formulated. In summary, this review identifies large-scale trends and predicts new directions in orthopedics that will define future materials and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Locke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, CMCVAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hannah M. Zlotnick
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, CMCVAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brendan D. Stoeckl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, CMCVAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George W. Fryhofer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Abhishek P. Dhand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miltiadis H. Zgonis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James L. Carey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, CMCVAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zecca PA, Reguzzoni M, Protasoni M, Raspanti M. The chondro-osseous junction of articular cartilage. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:101993. [PMID: 36516570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the synovial joints the transition between the soft articular cartilage and the subchondral bone is mediated by a layer of calcified cartilage of structural and mechanical characteristics closer to those of bone. This layer, buried in the depth of articular cartilage, is not directly accessible and is mostly visualized in histological sections of decalcified tissue, where it appears as a darker strip in contact with the subchondral bone. In this study conventional histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with secondary electron imaging (SE) or backscattered electron imaging (BSE) were used to discriminate the calcified and the uncalcified cartilage in high resolution on native, untreated tissue as well as in deproteinated or demineralized tissue. This approach evidenced a high heterogeneity of the calcified layer of articular cartilage. High resolution pictures revealed that the mineralization process originates by progressive accretion and confluence of individual, small mineral clusters, in a very different way from other hard tissues such as bone, dentin and mineralized tendons. Finally, selective removal of the soft matrix by thermal treatment allowed for the first time a face-on, unrestricted 3D view of the mineralization front.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Protasoni
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Mario Raspanti
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Insubria University, Varese, Italy.
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Wang W, Ye R, Xie W, Zhang Y, An S, Li Y, Zhou Y. Roles of the calcified cartilage layer and its tissue engineering reconstruction in osteoarthritis treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:911281. [PMID: 36131726 PMCID: PMC9483725 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.911281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandwiched between articular cartilage and subchondral bone, the calcified cartilage layer (CCL) takes on both biomechanical and biochemical functions in joint development and ordinary activities. The formation of CCL is not only unique in articular cartilage but can also be found in the chondro-osseous junction adjacent to the growth plate during adolescence. The formation of CCL is an active process under both cellular regulation and intercellular communication. Abnormal alterations of CCL can be indications of degenerative diseases including osteoarthritis. Owing to the limited self-repair capability of articular cartilage and core status of CCL in microenvironment maintenance, tissue engineering reconstruction of CCL in damaged cartilage can be of great significance. This review focuses on possible tissue engineering reconstruction methods targeting CCL for further OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixi Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueyao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Senbo An
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Senbo An, ; Yusheng Li, ; Yang Zhou,
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Senbo An, ; Yusheng Li, ; Yang Zhou,
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Senbo An, ; Yusheng Li, ; Yang Zhou,
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