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Ducrot L, López IL, Orrego AH, López-Gallego F. Coenzyme A Thioester Intermediates as Platform Molecules in Cell-Free Chemical Biomanufacturing. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300673. [PMID: 37994376 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro synthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA)-thioester intermediates opens new avenues to transform simple molecules into more complex and multifunctional ones by assembling cell-free biosynthetic cascades. In this review, we have systematically cataloged known CoA-dependent enzyme reactions that have been successfully implemented in vitro. To faciliate their identification, we provide their UniProt ID when available. Based on this catalog, we have organized enzymes into three modules: activation, modification, and removal. i) The activation module includes enzymes capable of fusing CoA with organic molecules. ii) The modification module includes enzymes capable of catalyzing chemical modifications in the structure of acyl-CoA intermediates. And iii) the removal module includes enzymes able to remove the CoA and release an organic molecule different from the one activated in the upstream. Based on these reactions, we constructed a reaction network that summarizes the most relevant CoA-dependent biosynthetic pathways reported until today. From the information available in the articles, we have plotted the total turnover number of CoA as a function of the product titer, observing a positive correlation between both parameters. Therefore, the success of a CoA-dependent in vitro pathway depends on its ability to regenerate CoA, but also to regenerate other cofactors such as NAD(P)H and ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Ducrot
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Idania L López
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Alejandro H Orrego
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Dong H, Yang X, Shi J, Xiao C, Zhang Y. Exploring the Feasibility of Cell-Free Synthesis as a Platform for Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production: Opportunities and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102333. [PMID: 37242908 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive utilization of traditional petroleum-based plastics has resulted in significant damage to the natural environment and ecological systems, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have emerged as promising bioplastics that can compete with petroleum-based plastics. However, their production technology currently faces several challenges, primarily focused on high costs. Cell-free biotechnologies have shown significant potential for PHA production; however, despite recent progress, several challenges still need to be overcome. In this review, we focus on the status of cell-free PHA synthesis and compare it with microbial cell-based PHA synthesis in terms of advantages and drawbacks. Finally, we present prospects for the development of cell-free PHA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Dong
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chunqiao Xiao
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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3
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Medeiros Garcia Alcântara J, Distante F, Storti G, Moscatelli D, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Current trends in the production of biodegradable bioplastics: The case of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 42:107582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Shi M, Cheng T, Zou H, Zhang N, Huang J, Xian M. The Preparation and Biomedical Application of Biopolyesters. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 20:331-340. [PMID: 31644401 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191015211156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biopolyesters represent a large family that can be obtained by polymerization of variable bio-derived hydroxyalkanoic acids. The monomer composition, molecular weight of the biopolyesters can affect the properties and applications of the polyesters. The majority of biopolyesters can either be biosynthesized from natural biofeedstocks or semi-synthesized (biopreparation of monomers followed by the chemical polymerization of the monomers). With the fast development of synthetic biology and biosynthesis techniques, the biosynthesis of unnatural biopolyesters (like lactate containing and aromatic biopolyesters) with improved performance and function has been a tendency. The presence of novel preparation methods, novel monomer composition has also significantly affected the properties, functions and applications of the biopolyesters. Due to the properties of biodegradability and biocompatibility, biopolyesters have great potential in biomedical applications (as implanting or covering biomaterials, drug carriers). Moreover, biopolyesters can be fused with other functional ingredients to achieve novel applications or improved functions. This study summarizes and compares the updated preparation methods of representative biopolyesters, also introduces the current status and future trends of their applications in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxun Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.,State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Huibin Zou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jingling Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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5
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Zou H, Shi M, Zhang T, Li L, Li L, Xian M. Natural and engineered polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase: key enzyme in biopolyester production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7417-7426. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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6
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Tsuge T. Fundamental factors determining the molecular weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate during biosynthesis. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tajima K, Han X, Hashimoto Y, Satoh Y, Satoh T, Taguchi S. In vitro synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates using thermostable acetyl-CoA synthetase, CoA transferase, and PHA synthase from thermotorelant bacteria. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:660-665. [PMID: 27342638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermostable enzymes are required for the rapid and sustainable production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) in vitro. The in vitro synthesis of PHA using the engineered thermostable synthase PhaC1SG(STQK) has been reported; however, the non-thermostable enzymes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and CoA transferase (CT) from mesophilic strains were used as monomer-supplying enzymes in this system. In the present study, acs and ct were cloned from the thermophilic bacteria Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum JCM10971 and Thermus thermophilus JCM10941 to construct an in vitro PHA synthesis system using only thermostable enzymes. ACS from P. thermopropionicum (ACSPt) and CT from T. thermophilus (CTTt) were confirmed to have high thermostability, and their optimal temperatures were around 60°C and 75°C, respectively. The in vitro PHA synthesis was successfully performed by ACSPt, CTTt, PhaC1SG(STQK), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] was synthesized at 45°C. Furthermore, the yields of P(3HB) and P(lactate-co-3HB) at 37°C were 1.4-fold higher than those of the in vitro synthesis system with non-thermostable ACS and CT from mesophilic strains. Overall, the thermostable ACS and CT were demonstrated to be useful for the efficient in vitro PHA synthesis at relatively high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tajima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Xuerong Han
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hashimoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Tajima K, Iwamoto K, Satoh Y, Sakai R, Satoh T, Dairi T. Advanced functionalization of polyhydroxyalkanoate via the UV-initiated thiol-ene click reaction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4375-83. [PMID: 26743654 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) incorporating vinyl-bearing 3-hydroxyalkanoates were prepared in 8.5-12.9 g L(-1) yield. The molar ratios (0-16 mol%) of the vinyl-bearing 3-hydroxyalkanoate derivatives were controlled by the continuous feeding of undecylenate at various concentrations. Subsequently, the PHAs were functionalized by UV-initiated thiol-ene click reaction and chemical modification. (1)H NMR spectra suggested that 3-mercaptopropionic acid and 2-aminoethanethiol were successfully introduced into the vinyl-bearing PHA. Subsequently, chemical modification using fluorescein or a fibronectin active fragment (GRGDS) was attempted. The former yielded a PHA derivative capable of emitting fluorescence under UV irradiation, which was useful for determining the miscibility of PHA in a composite film comprising poly-ʟ-lactic acid (PLLA) and PHA. In the latter case, PHA bearing GRGDS peptides exhibited cell adhesiveness, suggesting that its biocompatibility was improved upon peptide introduction. Taken together, the UV-initiated thiol-ene click reaction was demonstrated to be useful in PHA modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tajima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Iwamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.,Department of Materials Chemistry, Asahikawa National College of Technology, Asahikawa, 071-8142, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tohru Dairi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
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Yang JE, Choi SY, Shin JH, Park SJ, Lee SY. Microbial production of lactate-containing polyesters. Microb Biotechnol 2013; 6:621-36. [PMID: 23718266 PMCID: PMC3815930 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to our increasing concerns on environmental problems and limited fossil resources, biobased production of chemicals and materials through biorefinery has been attracting much attention. Optimization of the metabolic performance of microorganisms, the key biocatalysts for the efficient production of the desired target bioproducts, has been achieved by metabolic engineering. Metabolic engineering allowed more efficient production of polyhydroxyalkanoates, a family of microbial polyesters. More recently, non-natural polyesters containing lactate as a monomer have also been produced by one-step fermentation of engineered bacteria. Systems metabolic engineering integrating traditional metabolic engineering with systems biology, synthetic biology, protein/enzyme engineering through directed evolution and structural design, and evolutionary engineering, enabled microorganisms to efficiently produce natural and non-natural products. Here, we review the strategies for the metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the in vivo biosynthesis of lactate-containing polyesters and for the optimization of whole cell metabolism to efficiently produce lactate-containing polyesters. Also, major problems to be solved to further enhance the production of lactate-containing polyesters are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Yang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, KAIST291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
- Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, KAIST291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
- Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Shin
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, KAIST291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
- Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy (Undergraduate program), Myongji UniversitySan 38-2, Nam-dong, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggido, 449-728, Korea
- Department of Energy Science and Technology (Graduate program), Myongji UniversitySan 38-2, Nam-dong, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggido, 449-728, Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, KAIST291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
- Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
- Bioinformatics Research Center, KAIST291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Karl Guterl
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie Biogener Rohstoffe; Technische Universität München; Straubing; Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie Biogener Rohstoffe; Technische Universität München; Straubing; Germany
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Tomizawa S, Yoshioka M, Ushimaru K, Tsuge T. Preparative synthesis of Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] monomer for enzymatic cell-free polymerization. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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In vitro synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) incorporating lactate (LA) with a block sequence by using a newly engineered thermostable PHA synthase from Pseudomonas sp. SG4502 with acquired LA-polymerizing activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:365-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) incorporating 2-hydroxybutyrate by wild-type class I PHA synthase from Ralstonia eutropha. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:509-17. [PMID: 21667085 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A previously established improved two-phase reaction system has been applied to analyze the substrate specificities and polymerization activities of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases. We first analyzed the substrate specificity of propionate coenzyme A (CoA) transferase and found that 2-hydroxybutyrate (2HB) was converted into its CoA derivative. Then, the synthesis of PHA incorporating 2HB was achieved by a wild-type class I PHA synthase from Ralstonia eutropha. The PHA synthase stereoselectively polymerized (R)-2HB, and the maximal molar ratio of 2HB in the polymer was 9 mol%. The yields and the molecular weights of the products were decreased with the increase of the (R)-2HB concentration in the reaction mixture. The weight-average molecular weight of the polymer incorporating 9 mol% 2HB was 1.00 × 10(5), and a unimodal peak with polydispersity of 3.1 was observed in the GPC chart. Thermal properties of the polymer incorporating 9 mol% 2HB were analyzed by DSC and TG-DTA. T (g), T (m), and T (d) (10%) were observed at -1.1°C, 158.8°C, and 252.7°C, respectively. In general, major components of PHAs are 3-hydroxyalkanoates, and only engineered class II PHA synthases have been reported as enzymes having the ability to polymerize HA with the hydroxyl group at C2 position. Thus, this is the first report to demonstrate that wild-type class I PHA synthase was able to polymerize 2HB.
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Biosynthesis and biodegradation of 3-hydroxypropionate-containing polyesters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4919-25. [PMID: 20543057 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01015-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionate (3HP) is an important compound in the chemical industry, and the polymerized 3HP can be used as a bioplastic. In this review, we focus on polyesters consisting of 3HP monomers, including the homopolyester poly(3-hydroxypropionate) and copolyesters poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate), poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate), poly(4-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate-co-lactate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate-co-lactate). Homopolyesters like poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) are often highly crystalline and brittle, which limits some of their applications. The incorporation of 3HP monomers reduces the glass transition temperature, the crystallinity, and also, at up to 60 to 70 mol% 3HP, the melting point of the copolymer. This review provides a survey of the synthesis and physical properties of different polyesters containing 3HP.
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