1
|
Three-Step Purification and Characterization of Organic Solvent-Tolerant and Alkali-Thermo-Tolerant Xylanase from Bacillus paramycoides T4 [MN370035]. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, an extracellular alkali-thermo-tolerant xylanase from Bacillus paramycoides was produced in the presence of an organic solvent. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography, with an overall recovery of 25.9%. The purified enzyme hada 70 kDa molecular weight (MW) confirmed by SDS-PAGE gel analysis. The maximum enzyme activity was reported at 55 °C and pH 7.0. Xylanase activity and stability were improved in the presence of 30% (v/v) n-dodecane, iso-octane, n-decane, and cyclohexane (7 days). The enzyme activity was improved by Co2+, EDTA, and Triton-X-100 while vigorously repressed by Hg2+ and Cu2+. The purified enzyme showed 1.473 mg/mL Km and 654.017 µg/mL/min Vmax values. The distinctive assets of the isolate verified the potential application in the field of biomass conversion into fuel and other industrial processes. Organic solvent-tolerant xylanases can be used for concurrent saccharification and bioethanol production, the amplification of intoxicating beverages, and the fermenting industry.
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsuzawa T, Kameyama A, Nakamichi Y, Yaoi K. Identification and characterization of two xyloglucan-specific endo-1,4-glucanases in Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8761-8773. [PMID: 32910269 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae produces glycoside hydrolases to degrade xyloglucan. We identified and characterized two xyloglucan-specific endo-1,4-glucanases (xyloglucanases) named Xeg12A and Xeg5A. Based on their amino acid sequences, Xeg12A and Xeg5A were classified into glycoside hydrolase families GH12 and GH5, respectively. Xeg12A degrades tamarind seed xyloglucan polysaccharide into xyloglucan oligosaccharides containing four glucopyranosyl residues as main chains, including heptasaccharides (XXXG: Glc4Xyl3), octasaccharides (XXLG and XLXG: Glc4Xyl3Gal1), and nonasaccharides (XLLG: Glc4Xyl3Gal2). By contrast, Xeg5A produces various xyloglucan oligosaccharides from xyloglucan. Xeg5A hydrolyzes xyloglucan into not only XXXG, XXLG/XLXG, and XLLG but also disaccharides (isoprimeverose: Glc1Xyl1), tetrasaccharides (XX: Glc2Xyl2 and LG: Glc2Xyl1Gal1), and so on. Xeg12A is a typical endo-dissociative-type xyloglucanase that repeats hydrolysis and desorption from xyloglucan. Conversely, Xeg5A acts as an endo-processive-type xyloglucanase that hydrolyzes xyloglucan progressively without desorption. These results indicate that although both Xeg12A and Xeg5A contribute to the degradation of xyloglucan, they have different modes of activity toward xyloglucan, and the hydrolysis machinery of Xeg5A is unique compared with that of other known GH5 enzymes. KEY POINTS: • We identified two xyloglucanases, Xeg12A and Xeg5A, in A. oryzae. • Modes of activity and regiospecificities of Xeg12A and Xeg5A were clearly different. • Xeg5A is a unique xyloglucanase that produces low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Matsuzawa
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamichi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32, Kagamiyama, HigashiHiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Katsuro Yaoi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang K, Wu W, Yan Q. Research advances on sake rice, koji, and sake yeast: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2995-3003. [PMID: 32724564 PMCID: PMC7382144 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sake is the national alcoholic beverage of Japan, and its history can be traced back more than 1300 years. With the development and maturity of the sake-brewing technique, a unique flavor and taste gradually formed, which led to its wide use in Japan and internationally. This paper reviews and discusses the research advances of sake rice, koji, and sake yeast. The various enzymes and involved genes of microbes in the rice koji, and the separation/breeding of sake yeasts are expounded particularly. Moreover, the fields where further research is required are presented. Therefore, this review presents recent comprehensive research details of sake's ingredients and the involved study perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaizheng Zhang
- College of BioengineeringSichuan University of Science & EngineeringZigongChina
| | - Wenchi Wu
- College of BioengineeringSichuan University of Science & EngineeringZigongChina
| | - Qin Yan
- College of BioengineeringSichuan University of Science & EngineeringZigongChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ito T, Sato A, Takahashi I, Ito T, Takano K, Noge K, Okuda M, Hashizume K. Identification of enzymes from genus Trichoderma that can accelerate formation of ferulic acid and ethyl ferulate in collaboration with rice koji enzyme in sake mash. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:177-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Modulation of Fatty Acid Composition of Aspergillus oryzae in Response to Ethanol Stress. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7060158. [PMID: 31159383 PMCID: PMC6616634 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7060158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The koji mold Aspergillus oryzae is widely adopted for producing rice wine, wherein koji mold saccharifies rice starch and sake yeast ferments glucose to ethanol. During rice wine brewing, the accumulating ethanol becomes a major source of stress for A. oryzae, and there is a decline in hydrolysis efficiency. However, the protective mechanisms of A. oryzae against ethanol stress are poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that ethanol adversity caused a significant inhibition of mycelium growth and conidia formation in A. oryzae, and this suppressive effect increased with ethanol concentration. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that ethanol uptake triggered internal cellular perturbations, such as irregular nuclei and the aggregation of scattered vacuoles in A. oryzae cells. Metabolic analysis uncovered an increase in fatty acid unsaturation under high ethanol conditions, in which a large proportion of stearic acid was converted into linoleic acid, and the expression of related fatty acid desaturases was activated. Our results therefore improve the understanding of ethanol adaptation mechanisms in A. oryzae and offer target genes for ethanol tolerance enhancement via genetic engineering.
Collapse
|
6
|
Xue D, Zeng X, Lin D, Yao S. Thermostable ethanol tolerant xylanase from a cold-adapted marine species Acinetobacter johnsonii. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
7
|
Wu Z. Mixed fermentation of Aspergillus niger and Candida shehatae to produce bioethanol with ionic-liquid-pretreated bagasse. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:41. [PMID: 30675451 PMCID: PMC6328811 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, bagasse was pretreated with ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and 1% NaOH solution for initial activation of bagasse. A mixed fermentation of treated bagasse by Aspergillus niger and Candida shehatae showed the optimal conditions with the addition of C. shehatae 12 h later at a 1:1 proportion to A. niger. To further improve the ethanol production and obtain optimal fermentation conditions, a Plackett-Burman design was applied to screen the significant formulation and process variables. The optimal ethanol fermentation conditions with IL pretreated bagasse were determined using response surface methodology by Box-Behnken design. Three variables "initial pH, (NH4)2SO4, fermentation time" were regarded as significant factors in the optimization study. The resulting optimum fermentation conditions for bioethanol was identified as: initial pH of 5.89, (NH4)2SO4 concentration of 0.40 g/50 mL, and fermentation time of 3.60 days. The verification experimental ethanol concentration was 8.14 g/L, which agreed with the predicted value. An enhancement of approximately 153.58% compared with initial fermentation conditions in ethanol production was found using optimized conditions. It demonstrated that optimization methodology had a positive effect on the improvement of ethanol production. Under the optimal fermentation medium and conditions, the ethanol production with IL-pretreated bagasse and untreated bagasse was 8.14 g/L and 5.03 g/L, respectively, which exhibited 62% increase, compared to initial conditions with production of 3.21 g/L and 2.67 g/L, respectively, which displayed 20% increase. Both under optimal and original fermentation conditions, compared to the fermentation medium with untreated bagasse, all the results indicated that IL-pretreated bagasse resulted in higher ethanol production than untreated bagasse, demonstrating that IL-pretreated bagasse successfully increased the ethanol production in the mixed fermentation by A. niger and C. shehatae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiqiang Wu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of a novel GH11 xylanase from saline-alkali soil with excellent tolerance to high pH, high salt concentrations and ethanol. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 139:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
9
|
Wu H, Zhang S, Ma Y, Zhou J, Luo H, Yang J. Comparison of microbial communities in the fermentation starter used to brew Xiaoqu liquor. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hechuan Wu
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering; 180 Xueyuanjie, Huixinglu Zigong Sichuan 643000 China
- Sichuan Academy of Atomic Energy; Chengdu 610000 China
| | - Suyi Zhang
- Luzhou Laojiao Co.; Laojiaoguangchang, Nanguanglu Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering; 180 Xueyuanjie, Huixinglu Zigong Sichuan 643000 China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering; 180 Xueyuanjie, Huixinglu Zigong Sichuan 643000 China
| | - Huibo Luo
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering; 180 Xueyuanjie, Huixinglu Zigong Sichuan 643000 China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering; 180 Xueyuanjie, Huixinglu Zigong Sichuan 643000 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin W, Song J, Hu W, Miao J, Gao X. Relationship Between Extracellular Cellulase, Pectinase and Xylanase Activity of IsolatedAspergillus oryzaeStrains Grown on Koji and the Umami-Tasting Amino Acid Content of Soy Sauce. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2016.1244768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
11
|
Formation of ethyl ferulate from feruloylated oligosaccharide by transesterification of rice koji enzyme under sake mash conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 121:281-5. [PMID: 26190354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Formation of ethyl ferulate (EF) and ferulic acid (FA) under sake mash conditions was studied using feruloylated oligosaccharide (FO), prepared from rice grains, as the substrate for rice koji enzyme. EF and FA were produced from FO over six times faster than from alkyl ferulates however, under the same ethanol concentration, only small differences were observed between the EF/FA ratios when either FO or methyl ferulate were used as substrates. Esterification and hydrolysis of FO or methyl ferulate showed similar pH dependencies and similar EF/FA ratios for each substrate in all of the pH ranges tested. Ethanol concentration clearly affected the EF/FA ratio; the ratio increased as ethanol concentration increased. Formation of EF and FA in the sake mash simulated rice digest was accelerated by addition of exogenous FO. These results indicated that supply of FO to sake mash is a crucial step for EF and FA formation, and ethanol is an influencing factor in the EF/FA ratio. The rice koji enzyme reaction suggested that EF and FA are formed through a common feruloylated enzyme intermediate complex by transesterification or hydrolysis, and these reactions occur competitively.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen CC, Ko TP, Huang JW, Guo RT. Heat- and Alkaline-Stable Xylanases: Application, Protein Structure and Engineering. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201400035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
13
|
Properties of an alkali-thermo stable xylanase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans A333 and applicability in xylooligosaccharides generation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:633-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
14
|
Factors affecting phenolic acid liberation from rice grains in the sake brewing process. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:640-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
A novel xylanase with tolerance to ethanol, salt, protease, SDS, heat, and alkali from actinomycete Lechevalieria sp. HJ3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:965-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A xylanase-coding gene (xynAHJ3, 1,104 bp) was cloned from Lechevalieria sp. HJ3 harbored in a saline soil sampled from Heijing town, aka the “town of salt”, on the famous “Silk Route of the South”. The gene encodes a 367-residue polypeptide (XynAHJ3) with the highest identity of 74.0 % with the endoxylanase from Streptomyces thermocarboxydus HY-15. The coding sequence of the mature protein (without the predicted signal peptide from M1 to S22) of xynAHJ3 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The activity of the purified recombinant XynAHJ3 (rXynAHJ3) was apparently optimal at 70 °C and pH 6.0, retained greater than 55 % xylanase activity at a concentration of 0.2–2.0 M Na+ and 26 % at 4.0 M Na+ (pH 7.5 20 °C), and showed 110.2 and 44.2 % xylanase activities in the presence of 100 mM SDS (pH 6.0 37 °C) and 10 % ethanol (pH 5.0 37 °C), respectively. rXynAHJ3 activity was stable at 50 °C and pH 4.0–11.0 for more than 60 min, in trypsin or proteinase K at 20 °C for 24 h (pH 7.5), in 10 % ethanol (v/v) (pH 5.0) at 30 or 37 °C for 72 h, in 80 % ethanol (v/v) for 1 h, and in 0.6 or 3 M NaCl (20 °C, pH 7.5) for 72 h. Compared with the majority of xylanases with tolerance to ethanol, salt, SDS, or protease (K m values of 1.42–15.1 mg ml−1), rXynAHJ3 showed a low K m value (0.8 mg ml−1) and showed only limited amino acid sequence identity with those other xylanases (less than 47 %).
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Z, Donaldson AA, Ma X. Advancements and future directions in enzyme technology for biomass conversion. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:913-9. [PMID: 22306162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass is an ideal alternative to acid hydrolysis for bio-ethanol production, limited primarily by pre-treatment requirements and economic considerations arising from enzyme production costs and specific activities. The quest for cheaper and better enzymes has prompted years of bio-prospecting, strain optimization through genetic engineering, enzyme characterization for simple and complex lignocellulosic feedstock, and the development of pre-treatment strategies to mitigate inhibitory effects. The recent shift to systematic characterizations of de novo mixtures of purified proteins is a promising indicator of maturation within this field of study, facilitating progression towards feedstock assay-based rapid enzyme mixture optimization. It is imperative that international standards be developed to enable meaningful comparisons between these studies and the construction of a database of enzymatic activities and kinetics, aspects of which are explored here-in. Complementary efforts to improve the economic viability of enzymatic hydrolysis through process integration and reactor design are also considered, where membrane-confinement shows significant promise despite the associated technological challenges. Significant advancements in enzyme technology towards the economic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass should be expected within the next few years as systematic research in enzyme activities conforms to that of traditional reaction engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Street, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | | | | |
Collapse
|