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Moran CL, Debowski A, Vrielink A, Stubbs K, Sarkar-Tyson M. N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase activity is important for chitooligosaccharide metabolism and biofilm formation in Burkholderia pseudomallei. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16571. [PMID: 38178319 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a saprophytic Gram-negative bacillus that can cause the disease melioidosis. Although B. pseudomallei is a recognised member of terrestrial soil microbiomes, little is known about its contribution to the saprophytic degradation of polysaccharides within its niche. For example, while chitin is predicted to be abundant within terrestrial soils the chitinolytic capacity of B. pseudomallei is yet to be defined. This study identifies and characterises a putative glycoside hydrolase, bpsl0500, which is expressed by B. pseudomallei K96243. Recombinant BPSL0500 was found to exhibit activity against substrate analogues and GlcNAc disaccharides relevant to chitinolytic N-acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidases. In B. pseudomallei, bpsl0500 was found to be essential for both N-acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidase activity and chitooligosaccharide metabolism. Furthermore, bpsl0500 was also observed to significantly affect biofilm deposition. These observations led to the identification of BPSL0500 activity against model disaccharide linkages that are present in biofilm exopolysaccharides, a feature that has not yet been described for chitinolytic enzymes. The results in this study indicate that chitinolytic N-acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidases like bpsl0500 may facilitate biofilm disruption as well as chitin assimilation, providing dual functionality for saprophytic bacteria such as B. pseudomallei within the competitive soil microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Moran
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Debowski
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Alice Vrielink
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Keith Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Next-Gen Technologies in Biomedical Analysis, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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2
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Liu F, Qiao K, Meng W, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhu J. Construction of a CRISPR Interference System for Gene Knockdown in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia AGS-1 from Aerobic Granular Sludge. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3497-3504. [PMID: 37906167 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
To identify the function of attachment genes involved in biofilm formation in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia AGS-1 isolated from aerobic granular sludge, an effective gene molecular tool is needed. We developed a two-plasmid CRISPRi system in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia AGS-1. One plasmid expressed dCas9 protein with the l-arabinose inducible promoter, and the other plasmid contained the sgRNA cassette complementary to the target gene. Under control of the araC-inducible promoter, this system exhibited little leaky basal expression and highly induced expression that silenced endogenous and exogenous genes with reversible knockdown. This system achieved up to 211-fold suppression for mCherry expression on the nontemplate strand compared to the template strand (91-fold). The utility of the developed CRISPRi platform was also characterized by suppressing the xanA and rpfF genes. The expression of these two genes was rapidly depleted and the adhesion ability decreased, which demonstrated that the modulation of either gene was an important factor for biofilm formation of the AGS-1 strain. The system also tested the ability to simultaneously silence transcriptional suppression of multiple targeted genes, an entire operon, or part of it. Lastly, the use of CRISPRi allowed us to dissect the gene intricacies involved in flagellar biosynthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the CRISPRi system was a simple, feasible, and controllable manipulation system of gene expression in the AGS-1 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- R & D Centre of Aerobic Granule Technology, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yiyun Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jianrong Zhu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- R & D Centre of Aerobic Granule Technology, Beijing 100875, China
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3
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Aktas C, Ruzgar D, Gurkok S, Gormez A. Purification and characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia chitinase with antifungal and insecticidal properties. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36369794 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2142942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the ability of bacteria to produce the chitinase enzyme, purify, and characterize the enzyme from the isolate with the best activity, and determine the use of this purified enzyme as a biocontrol agent. The chitinolytic bacterium was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The chitinase enzyme was purified 1.4 times at a 30% ammonium sulfate concentration with a yield of 40.7%. Following partial purification, the enzyme was purified by ion-exchange chromatography using HiPrep Q XL 16/10 column and HiPrep™ 26/10 desalting column with 25.34% and 18.12% yields, respectively. It was calculated that the purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 52 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum activity of the enzyme was determined at 50 °C and pH 7.0. Enzyme activity was most induced by Fe2+, while it was most inhibited by Zn2+ at 5 mM concentration. Km and Vmax values of the enzyme for colloidal chitin were calculated as 1.6419 mg/mL and 16.129 U/mg, respectively. The purified chitinase was used as a biocontrol agent against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. The enzyme was shown to be effective in reducing the growth of fungus and causing disruption of the chitin structure of potato beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Aktas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Damla Ruzgar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sumeyra Gurkok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Gormez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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4
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Subramanian K, Balaraman D, Panangal M, Nageswara Rao T, Perumal E, R A, Kumarappan A, Sampath Renuga P, Arumugam S, Thirunavukkarasu R, Aruni W, Yousef AlOmar S. Bioconversion of chitin waste through Stenotrophomonas maltophilia for production of chitin derivatives as a Seabass enrichment diet. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4792. [PMID: 35314727 PMCID: PMC8938544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine wastes pose a great threat to the ecosystem leading to severe environmental hazards and health issues particularly the shellfish wastes. The shellfish waste which contains half of the amount of chitin can be efficiently transformed into useful products. Various approaches for the hydrolysis of chitin like physical, chemical, and enzymatic processes are there. Still, the use of enzyme chitinase is well documented as an effective and eco-friendly method. The present study summarizes the isolation of chitinase enzyme producing bacteria from different shrimp waste disposal sites in Parangipettai (India), and the possible use of an enzyme hydrolyzate as an immunostimulant to Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer). The potential chitinase-producing bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. After purification, the chitinase specific activity was 5.01 (U/ml) and the protein content was 72 mg and the recovery rate was 48.06%. The optimum pH and temperature for the chitinolytic activity were 6.5 and at 35-50 °C, respectively. The animal experiment trial was done with our feed supplements which included 0.0 (control), 0.5%, 1% and 2% of chitin degraded product. All the supplementary feed had an optimal 42% (w/w) of crude protein. The feed protein level was 41-43% on average and gross energy was 13-17 kcal/g and the feed was observed to exhibit a significantly higher (p < 0.05) survival rate, condition factor, specific growth rates, and body weight gain was also found to be promising compared to other fishes fed with control diet only. The red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts were found to increase significantly after being challenged with infection in animals fed with chitin derivatives from 1st week to 3rd week when compared to the control. The hematocrit (Hct) values were low on the 2nd and 3rd week in infected fish fed with chitin derivatives. This low level was due to infection lyses of the red blood cells and increased nitro blue tetrazolium reduction. The control diet-fed fish showed 70% mortality but the chitin derivative supplemented fishes showed only 20% mortality post-infection. The results of the study encompass that the use of chitin-derivate enriched feed further is taken into large-scale approaches thereby benefitting the aquaculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Subramanian
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | | - Mani Panangal
- Department of Biotechnology, Annai College of Arts & Science, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Tentu Nageswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andra Pradesh, India
| | - Elumalai Perumal
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amutha R
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University PG Extension Center, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alagappan Kumarappan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory (Pure Health), Al Qassimi Women's and Children's Hospital, Wasit Street, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pugazhvendan Sampath Renuga
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu, 608002, India
- Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Thiruvalluvar University, Cheyyar, Tamilnadu, 604407, India
| | - Suresh Arumugam
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajasekar Thirunavukkarasu
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Wilson Aruni
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Suliman Yousef AlOmar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Mir MI, Hameeda B, Quadriya H, Kumar BK, Ilyas N, Kee Zuan AT, El Enshasy HA, Dailin DJ, Kassem HS, Gafur A, Sayyed RZ. Multifarious Indigenous Diazotrophic Rhizobacteria of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Rhizosphere and Their Effect on Plant Growth Promotion. Front Nutr 2022; 8:781764. [PMID: 35096930 PMCID: PMC8793879 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.781764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse group of rhizobacteria persists in the rhizospheric soil, on the surface of roots, or in association with rice plants. These bacteria colonize plant root systems, enhance plant growth and crop yield. Indigenous rhizobacteria are known to promote soil health, grain production quality and serve as sustainable bioinoculant. The present study was aimed to isolate, identify and characterize indigenous plant growth promoting (PGP) diazotrophic bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of rice fields from different areas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. A total of 15 bacteria were isolated and evaluated for various PGP traits, antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, production of hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm formation under in-vitro conditions. The majority of the isolated bacteria were Gram-negative. Out of 15 bacterial isolates, nine isolates produced IAA (12.24 ± 2.86 to 250.3 ± 1.15 μg/ml), 6 isolates exhibited phosphate solubilization activity (36.69 ± 1.63 to 312.4 ± 1.15 μg/ml), 7 isolates exhibited rock phosphate solubilization while 5 isolates solubilized zinc (10–18 mm), 7 isolates showed siderophore production, 8 isolates exhibited HCN production, 6 isolates exhibited aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, 13 isolates exhibited cellulase activity, nine isolates exhibited amylase and lipase activity and six isolates exhibited chitinase activity. In addition, 5 isolates showed amplification with the nifH gene and showed a significant amount of nitrogenase activity in a range of 0.127–4.39 μmol C2H4/mg protein/h. Five isolates viz., IHK-1, IHK-3, IHK-13, IHK-15 and IHK-25 exhibited most PGP attributes and successfully limited the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum in-vitro. All the five bacterial isolates were identified based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequencing study, as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Ochrobactrum haematophilum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rice plants developed from seeds inoculated with these PGP strains individually had considerably higher germination percentage, seed vigor index and total dry biomass when compared to control. These findings strongly imply that the PGP diazotrophic bacteria identified in this work could be employed as plant growth stimulators in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran Mir
- Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bee Hameeda
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Humera Quadriya
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - B. Kiran Kumar
- Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: B. Kiran Kumar
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Ali Tan Kee Zuan
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Daniel Joe Dailin
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Hazem S. Kassem
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Gafur
- Sinarmas Forestry Corporate Research and Development, Perawang, Indonesia
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Asian Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Society (PGPR) for Sustainable Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- R. Z. Sayyed
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6
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Multiple bacterial partners in symbiosis with the nudibranch mollusk Rostanga alisae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:169. [PMID: 34997021 PMCID: PMC8742107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of symbiotic associations extends our understanding of the biological diversity in the aquatic environment and their impact on the host’s ecology. Of particular interest are nudibranchs that unprotected by a shell and feed mainly on sponges. The symbiotic association of the nudibranch Rostanga alisae with bacteria was supported by ample evidence, including an analysis of cloned bacterial 16S rRNA genes and a fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis, and microscopic observations. A total of 74 clones belonging to the phyla α-, β-, γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were identified. FISH confirmed that bacteriocytes were packed with Bradyrhizobium, Maritalea, Labrenzia, Bulkholderia, Achromobacter, and Stenotrophomonas mainly in the foot and notum epidermis, and also an abundance of Synechococcus cyanobacteria in the intestinal epithelium. An ultrastructural analysis showed several bacterial morphotypes of bacteria in epidermal cells, intestine epithelium, and in mucus layer covering the mollusk body. The high proportion of typical bacterial fatty acids in R. alisae indicated that symbiotic bacteria make a substantial contribution to its nutrition. Thus, the nudibranch harbors a high diversity of specific endo- and extracellular bacteria, which previously unknown as symbionts of marine invertebrates that provide the mollusk with essential nutrients. They can provide chemical defense against predators.
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7
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Kim SK, Park JE, Oh JM, Kim H. Molecular Characterization of Four Alkaline Chitinases from Three Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from a Mudflat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312822. [PMID: 34884628 PMCID: PMC8658002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four chitinases were cloned and characterized from three strains isolated from a mudflat: Aeromonas sp. SK10, Aeromonas sp. SK15, and Chitinibacter sp. SK16. In SK10, three genes, Chi18A, Pro2K, and Chi19B, were found as a cluster. Chi18A and Chi19B were chitinases, and Pro2K was a metalloprotease. With combinatorial amplification of the genes and analysis of the hydrolysis patterns of substrates, Chi18A and Chi19B were found to be an endochitinase and exochitinase, respectively. Chi18A and Chi19B belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 18 (GH18) and GH19, with 869 and 659 amino acids, respectively. Chi18C from SK15 belonged to GH18 with 864 amino acids, and Chi18D from SK16 belonged to GH18 with 664 amino acids. These four chitinases had signal peptides and high molecular masses with one or two chitin-binding domains and, interestingly, preferred alkaline conditions. In the activity staining, their sizes were determined to be 96, 74, 95, and 73 kDa, respectively, corresponding to their expected sizes. Purified Chi18C and Chi18D after pET expression produced N,N′-diacetylchitobiose as the main product in hydrolyzing chitooligosaccharides and colloidal chitin. These results suggest that Chi18A, Chi18C, and Chi18D are endochitinases, that Chi19B is an exochitinase, and that these chitinases can be effectively used for hydrolyzing natural chitinous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3751
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8
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Baseri Z, Dehghan A, Yaghoubi S, Razavi S. Prevalence of resistance genes and antibiotic resistance profile among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from hospitalized patients in Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 44:100943. [PMID: 34631110 PMCID: PMC8488590 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. Treatment of S. maltophilia infections is difficult due to increasing resistance to multiple antibacterial agents. In this 12-month cross-sectional study, from 2017 to 2018, 117 isolates were obtained from different clinical sources and identified by conventional biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to CLSI 2018. Minocycline disk (30 μg) and E-test strips for ceftazidime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol were used. PCR confirmed isolates. The frequency of different classes of integrons (I, II) and resistance gene cassettes (sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA5 and aadB) were determined by PCR. The results showed the highest frequency of resistance to chloramphenicol and ceftazidime with 32 cases (27.11%). Among strains, 12 cases (10.25%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (the lowest frequency of resistance), while 19 (16.1%) isolates were resistant to minocycline. Frequency of sul1, int1, aadB, sul2, dfrA5 genes were 64 (55.08%), 26 (22.3 %), 18 (15.25%) and 17 (14.4%), 14 (11.86%), respectively. int2 and dfrA1 were not detected. Although we have not yet reached a high level of resistance to effective antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as these resistances can be carried by a plasmid, greater precision should be given to the administration of these antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Baseri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Dehghan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Yaghoubi
- Department of Microbiology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Sh Razavi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wei G, Li Z. The Composition of Root-Associated Bacteria and Fungi of Astragalus mongholicus and Their Relationship With the Bioactive Ingredients. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:642730. [PMID: 34046020 PMCID: PMC8147693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.642730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine, contains several bioactive ingredients. The root-associated microbial communities play a crucial role in the production of secondary metabolites in plants. However, the correlation of root-associated bacteria and fungi with the bioactive ingredients production in A. mongholicus has not been elucidated. This study aimed to examine the changes in soil properties, root bioactive ingredients, and microbial communities in different cultivation years. The root-associated bacterial and fungal composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. The correlation between root-associated bacteria and fungi, soil properties, and six major bioactive ingredients were examined using multivariate correlation analysis. Results showed that soil properties and bioactive ingredients were distinct across different cultivation years. The composition of the rhizosphere microbiome was different from that of the root endosphere microbiome. The bacterial community structure was affected by the cultivation year and exhibited a time-decay pattern. Soil properties affected the fungal community composition. It was found that 18 root-associated bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and four fungal OTUs were positively and negatively correlated with bioactive ingredient content, respectively. The abundance of Stenotrophomonas in the rhizosphere was positively correlated with astragaloside content. Phyllobacterium and Inquilinus in the endosphere were positively correlated with the calycosin content. In summary, this study provided a new opportunity and theoretical reference for improving the production and quality of in A. mongholicus, which thus increase the pharmacological value of A. mongholicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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10
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Singh RV, Sambyal K, Negi A, Sonwani S, Mahajan R. Chitinases production: A robust enzyme and its industrial applications. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1883004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishika Sambyal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, India
| | - Anjali Negi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, India
| | - Shubham Sonwani
- Department of Biosciences, Christian Eminent College, Indore, India
| | - Ritika Mahajan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, India
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11
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Essghaier B, Zouaoui M, Najjari A, Sadfi N. Potentialities and Characterization of an Antifungal Chitinase Produced by a Halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:513-521. [PMID: 33392674 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The chitinases are gaining much attention based on their role in the defense against pathogen attacks and harmful insects. The partially chitinase produced by Bacillus licheniformis strain J24 exhibited a large antifungal spectrum, and the highest activity was obtained toward Fusarium species in vitro on PDA and in vivo on corn seeds. The chitinase was inducible by the presence of autoclaved Fusarium conidia in the medium culture and it was active at 70 °C and pH 7 and not affected by the tested chemical agents EDTA and SDS. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences encoding chitinase showed the close phylogenetic relation with chitinase from Bacillus paralicheniformis species. Based on the analysis of the putative domain active, the described chitinase from strain J24 was belonging to the GH family-18 and the novelty of its structure was revealed. Here the combination of functional and structural antifungal extremely chitinase proves its importance in biotechnology area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Afef Najjari
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najla Sadfi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Tunis, Tunisia
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12
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Pinski A, Zur J, Hasterok R, Hupert-Kocurek K. Comparative Genomics of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Revealed Characteristic Features of Both Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4922. [PMID: 32664682 PMCID: PMC7404187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains are efficient biocontrol agents, their field applications have raised concerns due to their possible threat to human health. The non-pathogenic Stenotrophomonas rhizophila species, which is closely related to S. maltophilia, has been proposed as an alternative. However, knowledge regarding the genetics of S. rhizophila is limited. Thus, the aim of the study was to define any genetic differences between the species and to characterise their ability to promote the growth of plant hosts as well as to enhance phytoremediation efficiency. We compared 37 strains that belong to both species using the tools of comparative genomics and identified 96 genetic features that are unique to S. maltophilia (e.g., chitin-binding protein, mechanosensitive channels of small conductance and KGG repeat-containing stress-induced protein) and 59 that are unique to S. rhizophila (e.g., glucosylglycerol-phosphate synthase, cold shock protein with the DUF1294 domain, and pteridine-dependent dioxygenase-like protein). The strains from both species have a high potential for biocontrol, which is mainly related to the production of keratinases (KerSMD and KerSMF), proteinases and chitinases. Plant growth promotion traits are attributed to the biosynthesis of siderophores, spermidine, osmoprotectants such as trehalose and glucosylglycerol, which is unique to S. rhizophila. In eight out of 37 analysed strains, the genes that are required to degrade protocatechuate were present. While our results show genetic differences between the two species, they had a similar growth promotion potential. Considering the information above, S. rhizophila constitutes a promising alternative for S. maltophilia for use in agricultural biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pinski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (J.Z.); (R.H.)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Hupert-Kocurek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (J.Z.); (R.H.)
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Wang X, Wang C, Li Q, Zhang J, Ji C, Sui J, Liu Z, Song X, Liu X. Isolation and characterization of antagonistic bacteria with the potential for biocontrol of soil-borne wheat diseases. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1868-1880. [PMID: 30179289 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to identify efficient plant-beneficial rhizobacterium that has the potential to be developed as biocontrol agent for the control of wheat soil-borne diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from a wheat field located in Taian City. Numerous bacteria were isolated and screened for antagonistic activity against soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi by performing dual-culture assays. Among them, XH-9 was selected for its highly antagonistic activity and others growth-promoting characteristics. Subsequently, the strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. Pot experiment indicated that XH-9 has good capacities for wheat, corn, and chili root colonization and considerably increased the biometric parameters of wheat seedlings. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that the amount of Fusarium oxysporum associated with the XH-9 after treatment significantly decreased compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum XH-9 has the potential as biocontrol agent when applied in local arable land to prevent damage caused by F. oxysporum and other phytopathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The development of biocontrol strategies for reducing the damage caused by plant pathogens is fully in accord with the current principles of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - C Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Q Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - J Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - C Ji
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - J Sui
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Z Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - X Song
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - X Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
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14
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Osimani A, Milanović V, Garofalo C, Cardinali F, Roncolini A, Sabbatini R, De Filippis F, Ercolini D, Gabucci C, Petruzzelli A, Tonucci F, Clementi F, Aquilanti L. Revealing the microbiota of marketed edible insects through PCR-DGGE, metagenomic sequencing and real-time PCR. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 276:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Microbial and viral chitinases: Attractive biopesticides for integrated pest management. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:818-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Screening and Characterisation of Chitinolytic Microorganisms with Potential to Control White Root Disease of Hevea brasiliensis. J RUBBER RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03449151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Mukherjee P, Roy P. Genomic Potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Bioremediation with an Assessment of Its Multifaceted Role in Our Environment. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:967. [PMID: 27446008 PMCID: PMC4916776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram negative bacterium Stenotrophomonas is rapidly evolving as a nosocomial pathogen in immuno-compromised patients. Treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections is problematic because of their increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics. This article aims to review the multi-disciplinary role of Stenotrophomonas in our environment with special focus on their metabolic and genetic potential in relation to bioremediation and phytoremediation. Current and emerging treatments and diagnosis for patients infected with S. maltophilia are discussed besides their capability of production of novel bioactive compounds. The plant growth promoting characteristics of this bacterium has been considered with special reference to secondary metabolite production. Nano-particle synthesis by Stenotrophomonas has also been reviewed in addition to their applications as effective biocontrol agents in plant and animal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Burdwan UniversityBurdwan, India
| | - Pranab Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of TechnologyHaldia, India
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18
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Jankiewicz U, Larkowska E, Swiontek Brzezinska M. Production, characterization, gene cloning, and nematocidal activity of the extracellular protease from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia N4. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:614-618. [PMID: 26896861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A rhizosphere strain of the bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia N4 secretes the serine protease PN4, whose molecular mass is approximately 42 kDa. The optimal temperature for the enzyme activity of the 11-fold purified protein was 50°C and the optimal pH was 10.5. The activity of the enzyme was strongly inhibited by specific serine protease inhibitors, which allowed for its classification as an alkaline serine protease family. Ca(2+) ions stimulated the activity of the protease PN4, while Mg(2+) ions stabilized its activity, and Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) ions strongly inhibited its activity. The enzyme has broad substrate specificity. For example, it is able to hydrolyse casein, keratin, albumin, haemoglobin, and gelatin, as well as the insoluble modified substrates azure keratin and azocoll. The gene that encodes the 1740 bp precursor form of the enzyme (accession number: LC031815) was cloned. We then deduced that its amino acid sequence includes the region of the conserved domain of the S8 family of peptidases as well as the catalytic triad Asp/His/Ser. The bacterial culture fluid as well as the purified protease PN4 demonstrated biocidal activity with regard to the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Panagrellus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Jankiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Larkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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19
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Yang S, Fu X, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Wang J. Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Acidic Exochitinase from Rhizomucor miehei with Antifungal Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:461-469. [PMID: 26709620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel chitinase gene (RmChi44) from Rhizomucor miehei was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as an intracellular soluble and active protein. The recombinant chitinase (RmChi44) was purified to homogeneity and biochemically characterized. The molecular mass of RmChi44 was estimated to be 44.6 kDa on SDS-PAGE. RmChi44 displayed an acidic pH optimum of 4.5 and was stable within pH 4.5-9.0. The optimal temperature of RmChi44 was found to be 50 °C. The Km values of RmChi44 for colloidal chitin and glycol chitin were 4.02 and 1.55 mg/mL, respectively. RmChi44 hydrolyzed colloidal chitin to yield mainly N-acetyl chitobiose, exhibiting an exotype cleavage pattern. Moreover, the enzyme displayed β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, splitting N-acetyl COSs with degree of polymerization (DP) 2-5 into their monomer. In addition, RmChi44 showed antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. This is the first report on an exochitinase showing β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity and antifungal activity from Rhizomucor species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
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20
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Jankiewicz U, Swiontek Brzezinska M. Purification, characteristics and identification of chitinases synthesized by the bacterium Serratia plymuthica MP44 antagonistic against phytopathogenic fungi. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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de Rossi BP, García C, Alcaraz E, Franco M. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia interferes via the DSF-mediated quorum sensing system with Candida albicans filamentation and its planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. Rev Argent Microbiol 2015; 46:288-97. [PMID: 25576410 DOI: 10.1016/s0325-7541(14)70084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial pathogen of increasing importance. S. maltophilia K279a genome encodes a diffusible signal factor (DSF) dependent quorum sensing (QS) system that was first identified in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. DSF from X. campestris is a homologue of farnesoic acid, a Candida albicans QS signal which inhibits the yeast-to-hyphal shift. Here we describe the antagonistic effects of S. maltophilia on C. albicans on filamentation as well as on its planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. To determine the role of the DSF-mediated quorum sensing system in these effects, C. albicans ATCC 10231 and C. albicans tup1 mutant, locked in the filamentous form, were grown with K279a or with its rpfF deletion mutant (DSF-). A significant reduction in viable counts of C. albicans was observed in planktonic cocultures with K279a as well as in mixed biofilms. Furthermore, no viable cells of C. albicans tup1 were recovered from K279a mixed biofilms. Fungal viability was also assessed by labeling biofilms with SYTO 9 and propidium iodide. Confocal images showed that K279a can kill hyphae and also yeast cells. Light microscopic analysis showed that K279a severely affects hyphae integrity. On the other hand, the presence of K279a rpfF did not affect fungal morphology or viability. In conclusion, we report for the first time that S. maltophilia interferes with two key virulence factors of C. albicans, the yeast-to-hyphal transition and biofilm formation. DSF could be directly responsible for these effects or may induce the gene expression involved in antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Passerini de Rossi
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos García
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Alcaraz
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Franco
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Karthik N, Binod P, Pandey A. Purification and characterisation of an acidic and antifungal chitinase produced by a Streptomyces sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 188:195-201. [PMID: 25824594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An extremely acidic extracellular chitinase produced by a Streptomyces sp. was purified 12.44-fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography and further characterised. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be about 40 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were pH 2 and 6, and 50 °C respectively. The enzyme showed high stability in the acidic pH range of 2-6 and temperature stability of up to 50 °C. Additionally, the effect of some cations and other chemical compounds on the chitinase activity was studied. The activity of the enzyme was considerably retained under salinity conditions of up to 3%. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme were determined to be 6.74 mg mL(-1) and 61.3 U mg(-1) respectively using colloidal chitin. This enzyme exhibited antifungal activity against phytopathogens revealing a potential biocontrol application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Karthik
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
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23
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Jankiewicz U, Brzezinska MS. Purification, characterization, and gene cloning of a chitinase fromStenotrophomonas maltophiliaN4. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:709-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Jankiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; SGGW Warsaw Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
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24
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Isolation of a Chitinolytic Bacillus licheniformis S213 Strain Exerting a Biological Control Against Phoma medicaginis Infection. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3494-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Walczak M, Richert A, Burkowska-But A. The effect of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) derivatives introduced into polylactide (PLA) on the activity of bacterial enzymes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1719-24. [PMID: 25189811 PMCID: PMC4201754 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating bactericidal properties of polylactide (PLA) films containing three different polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) derivatives and effect of the derivatives on extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and intracellular dehydrogenases. All PHMG derivatives had a slightly stronger bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus than on E. coli but only PHMG granular polyethylene wax (at the concentration of at least 0.6 %) has a bactericidal effect. PHMG derivatives introduced into PLA affected the activity of microbial hydrolases to a small extent. This means that the introduction of PHMG derivatives into PLA will not reduce its enzymatic biodegradation significantly. On the other hand, PHMG derivatives introduced into PLA strongly affected dehydrogenases activity in S. aureus than in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Walczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicholaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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26
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Jankiewicz U, Burkowska A. Purification and characterization of Streptomyces albidoflavus antifungal components. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683813050025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Jankiewicz U, Burkowska A, Walczak M. Chitinolytic microorganisms and their possible application in environmental protection. Curr Microbiol 2013; 68:71-81. [PMID: 23989799 PMCID: PMC3889922 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of the latest research findings on the applications of microbial chitinases to biological control. Microorganisms producing these enzymes can inhibit the growth of many fungal diseases that pose a serious threat to global crop production. Currently, efforts are being made to discover producers of chitinolytic enzymes. The potential exists that natural biofungicides will replace chemical fungicides or will be used to supplement currently used fungicides, which would reduce the negative impact of chemicals on the environment and support the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland,
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Naing KW, Anees M, Kim SJ, Nam Y, Kim YC, Kim KY. Characterization of antifungal activity of Paenibacillus ehimensis KWN38 against soilborne phytopathogenic fungi belonging to various taxonomic groups. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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29
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Babashpour S, Aminzadeh S, Farrokhi N, Karkhane A, Haghbeen K. Characterization of a chitinase (Chit62) from Serratia marcescens B4A and its efficacy as a bioshield against plant fungal pathogens. Biochem Genet 2012; 50:722-35. [PMID: 22555558 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-012-9515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases have been suggested to be involved in pathogen-antagonist interaction during biological control progress of plant pathogenic fungi. Here, a recombinant bacterial chitinase originally from Serratia marcescens B4A was produced, purified, and assayed biochemically to ascertain the activity and determine the kinetics parameters. Active enzyme was used to determine its biocontrol features against fungal phytopathogens. The results demonstrated that the optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were 6.0 and 55 °C, respectively. The K(m) and V(max) values were 3.30 mg ml(-1) and 0.92 units, respectively. The recombinant chitinase was demonstrated to be highly active in controlling fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Babashpour
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Km 15 Tehran-Karaj Highway, PO Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
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