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Mosqueira M, Scheid LM, Kiemel D, Richardt T, Rheinberger M, Ollech D, Lutge A, Heißenberg T, Pfitzer L, Engelskircher L, Yildiz U, Porth I. nNOS-derived NO modulates force production and iNO-derived NO the excitability in C2C12-derived 3D tissue engineering skeletal muscle via different NO signaling pathways. Front Physiol 2022; 13:946682. [PMID: 36045747 PMCID: PMC9421439 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive gas produced by one of the three NO synthases: neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS). NO has a relevant modulatory role in muscle contraction; this takes place through two major signaling pathways: (i) activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and, thus, protein kinase G or (ii) nitrosylation of sulfur groups of cysteine. Although it has been suggested that nNOS-derived NO is the responsible isoform in muscle contraction, the roles of eNOS and iNOS and their signaling pathways have not yet been clarified. To elucidate the action of each pathway, we optimized the generation of myooids, an engineered skeletal muscle tissue based on the C2C12 cell line. In comparison with diaphragm strips from wild-type mice, 180 myooids were analyzed, which expressed all relevant excitation–contraction coupling proteins and both nNOS and iNOS isoforms. Along with the biochemical results, myooids treated with NO donor (SNAP) and unspecific NOS blocker (L-NAME) revealed a comparable NO modulatory effect on force production as was observed in the diaphragm strips. Under the effects of pharmacological tools, we analyzed the myooids in response to electrical stimulation of two possible signaling pathways and NO sources. The nNOS-derived NO exerted its negative effect on force production via the sGG-PKG pathway, while iNOS-derived NO increased the excitability in response to sub-threshold electrical stimulation. These results strengthen the hypotheses of previous reports on the mechanism of action of NO during force production, showed a novel function of iNOS-derived NO, and establish the myooid as a novel and robust alternative model for pathophysiological skeletal muscle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Mosqueira
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Matias Mosqueira,
| | - Lisa-Mareike Scheid
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- PromoCell GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Kiemel
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Talisa Richardt
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mona Rheinberger
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Ollech
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Applied Physics Department, Science for Life Laboratory and KTH Royal Technical University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Almut Lutge
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Life Science at the University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Heißenberg
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Pfitzer
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- myNEO NV, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Engelskircher
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Immatics Biotechnology GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Umut Yildiz
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Porth
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Yamamoto K, Ohsumi S, Nagashima T, Akiyama H, Honda H, Shimizu K. Screening of anti-atrophic peptides by using photo-cleavable peptide array and 96-well scale contractile human skeletal muscle atrophy models. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2196-2205. [PMID: 35478456 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by decreases in protein content, myofiber diameter, and contractile force generation. As muscle atrophy worsens the quality of life, the development of anti-atrophic substances is desirable. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate a screening process for anti-atrophic peptides using photo-cleavable peptide array technology and human contractile atrophic muscle models. We developed a 96-well system, and established a screening process with less variability. Dexamethasone-induced human atrophic tissue was constructed on the system. Eight peptides were selected from the literature and used for the screening of peptides for preventing the decrease of the contractile forces of tissues. The peptide QIGFIW, which showed preventive activity, was selected as the seed sequence. As a result of amino acid substitution, we obtained QIGFIQ as a peptide with higher anti-atrophic activity. These results indicate that the combinatorial use of the photo-cleavable peptide array technology and 96-well screening system could comprise a powerful approach to obtaining anti-atrophic peptides, and suggest that the 96-well screening system and atrophic model represent a practical and powerful tool for the development of drugs/functional food ingredients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Saki Ohsumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takunori Nagashima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Akiyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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3
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Yamamoto K, Yamaoka N, Imaizumi Y, Nagashima T, Furutani T, Ito T, Okada Y, Honda H, Shimizu K. Development of a human neuromuscular tissue-on-a-chip model on a 24-well-plate-format compartmentalized microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1897-1907. [PMID: 34008665 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered three-dimensional models of neuromuscular tissues are promising for use in mimicking their disorder states in vitro. Although several models have been developed, it is still challenging to mimic the physically separated structures of motor neurons (MNs) and skeletal muscle (SkM) fibers in the motor units in vivo. In this study, we aimed to develop microdevices for precisely compartmentalized coculturing of MNs and engineered SkM tissues. The developed microdevices, which fit a well of 24 well plates, had a chamber for MNs and chamber for SkM tissues. The two chambers were connected by microtunnels for axons, permissive to axons but not to cell bodies. Human iPSC (hiPSC)-derived MN spheroids in one chamber elongated their axons into microtunnels, which reached the tissue-engineered human SkM in the SkM chamber, and formed functional neuromuscular junctions with the muscle fibers. The cocultured SkM tissues with MNs on the device contracted spontaneously in response to spontaneous firing of MNs. The addition of a neurotransmitter, glutamate, into the MN chamber induced contraction of the cocultured SkM tissues. Selective addition of tetrodotoxin or vecuronium bromide into either chamber induced SkM tissue relaxation, which could be explained by the inhibitory mechanisms. We also demonstrated the application of chemical or mechanical stimuli to the middle of the axons of cocultured tissues on the device. Thus, compartmentalized neuromuscular tissue models fabricated on the device could be used for phenotypic screening to evaluate the cellular type specific efficacy of drug candidates and would be a useful tool in fundamental research and drug development for neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Nao Yamaoka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yu Imaizumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Takunori Nagashima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Taiki Furutani
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Takuji Ito
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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Ng CSX, Tan MWM, Xu C, Yang Z, Lee PS, Lum GZ. Locomotion of Miniature Soft Robots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003558. [PMID: 33338296 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Miniature soft robots are mobile devices, which are made of smart materials that can be actuated by external stimuli to realize their desired functionalities. Here, the key advancements and challenges of the locomotion producible by miniature soft robots in micro- to centimeter length scales are highlighted. It is highly desirable to endow these small machines with dexterous locomotive gaits as it enables them to easily access highly confined and enclosed spaces via a noninvasive manner. If miniature soft robots are able to capitalize this unique ability, they will have the potential to transform a vast range of applications, including but not limited to, minimally invasive medical treatments, lab-on-chip applications, and search-and-rescue missions. The gaits of miniature soft robots are categorized into terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial locomotion. Except for the centimeter-scale robots that can perform aerial locomotion, the discussions in this report are centered around soft robots that are in the micro- to millimeter length scales. Under each category of locomotion, prospective methods and strategies that can improve their gait performances are also discussed. This report provides critical analyses and discussions that can inspire future strategies to make miniature soft robots significantly more agile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Shan Xian Ng
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wei Ming Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changyu Xu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zilin Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guo Zhan Lum
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Nagashima T, Hadiwidjaja S, Ohsumi S, Murata A, Hisada T, Kato R, Okada Y, Honda H, Shimizu K. In Vitro Model of Human Skeletal Muscle Tissues with Contractility Fabricated by Immortalized Human Myogenic Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000121. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takunori Nagashima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
| | - Stacy Hadiwidjaja
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
| | - Saki Ohsumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
| | - Akari Murata
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
| | - Takumi Hisada
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8601 Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8601 Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Neurology Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Aichi 480‐1195 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
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Shimizu K, Genma R, Gotou Y, Nagasaka S, Honda H. Three-Dimensional Culture Model of Skeletal Muscle Tissue with Atrophy Induced by Dexamethasone. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E56. [PMID: 28952535 PMCID: PMC5590463 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug screening systems for muscle atrophy based on the contractile force of cultured skeletal muscle tissues are required for the development of preventive or therapeutic drugs for atrophy. This study aims to develop a muscle atrophy model by inducing atrophy in normal muscle tissues constructed on microdevices capable of measuring the contractile force and to verify if this model is suitable for drug screening using the contractile force as an index. Tissue engineered skeletal muscles containing striated myotubes were prepared on the microdevices for the study. The addition of 100 µM dexamethasone (Dex), which is used as a muscle atrophy inducer, for 24 h reduced the contractile force significantly. An increase in the expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in the tissues treated with Dex was established. A decrease in the number of striated myotubes was also observed in the tissues treated with Dex. Treatment with 8 ng/mL Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-I) for 24 h significantly increased the contractile force of the Dex-induced atrophic tissues. The same treatment, though, had no impact on the force of the normal tissues. Thus, it is envisaged that the atrophic skeletal muscle tissues induced by Dex can be used for drug screening against atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Riho Genma
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Yuuki Gotou
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Sumire Nagasaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
- Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Hines L, Petersen K, Lum GZ, Sitti M. Soft Actuators for Small-Scale Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603483. [PMID: 28032926 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators, highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer- to centimeter-scale robotic applications. Soft robots present a special design challenge in that their actuation and sensing mechanisms are often highly integrated with the robot body and overall functionality. When less than a centimeter, they belong to an even more special subcategory of robots or devices, in that they often lack on-board power, sensing, computation, and control. Soft, active materials are particularly well suited for this task, with a wide range of stimulants and a number of impressive examples, demonstrating large deformations, high motion complexities, and varied multifunctionality. Recent research includes both the development of new materials and composites, as well as novel implementations leveraging the unique properties of soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Hines
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Guo Zhan Lum
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck ETH Center for Learning Systems, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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8
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Development and evaluation of a removable tissue-engineered muscle with artificial tendons. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:265-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shimizu K, Araki H, Sakata K, Tonomura W, Hashida M, Konishi S. Microfluidic devices for construction of contractile skeletal muscle microtissues. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:212-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Carlsen RW, Sitti M. Bio-hybrid cell-based actuators for microsystems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:3831-51. [PMID: 24895215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As we move towards the miniaturization of devices to perform tasks at the nano and microscale, it has become increasingly important to develop new methods for actuation, sensing, and control. Over the past decade, bio-hybrid methods have been investigated as a promising new approach to overcome the challenges of scaling down robotic and other functional devices. These methods integrate biological cells with artificial components and therefore, can take advantage of the intrinsic actuation and sensing functionalities of biological cells. Here, the recent advancements in bio-hybrid actuation are reviewed, and the challenges associated with the design, fabrication, and control of bio-hybrid microsystems are discussed. As a case study, focus is put on the development of bacteria-driven microswimmers, which has been investigated as a targeted drug delivery carrier. Finally, a future outlook for the development of these systems is provided. The continued integration of biological and artificial components is envisioned to enable the performance of tasks at a smaller and smaller scale in the future, leading to the parallel and distributed operation of functional systems at the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Wright Carlsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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11
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Sinibaldi E, Argiolas A, Puleo GL, Mazzolai B. Another lesson from plants: the forward osmosis-based actuator. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102461. [PMID: 25020043 PMCID: PMC4097062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotic actuation is a ubiquitous plant-inspired actuation strategy that has a very low power consumption but is capable of generating effective movements in a wide variety of environmental conditions. In light of these features, we aimed to develop a novel, low-power-consumption actuator that is capable of generating suitable forces during a characteristic actuation time on the order of a few minutes. Based on the analysis of plant movements and on osmotic actuation modeling, we designed and fabricated a forward osmosis-based actuator with a typical size of 10 mm and a characteristic time of 2-5 minutes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fastest osmotic actuator developed so far. Moreover, the achieved timescale can be compared to that of a typical plant cell, thanks to the integrated strategy that we pursued by concurrently addressing and solving design and material issues, as paradigmatically explained by the bioinspired approach. Our osmotic actuator produces forces above 20 N, while containing the power consumption (on the order of 1 mW). Furthermore, based on the agreement between model predictions and experimental observations, we also discuss the actuator performance (including power consumption, maximum force, energy density and thermodynamic efficiency) in relation to existing actuation technologies. In light of the achievements of the present study, the proposed osmotic actuator holds potential for effective exploitation in bioinspired robotics systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Sinibaldi
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics@SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera, Italy
- * E-mail: (ES); (BM)
| | - Alfredo Argiolas
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics@SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera, Italy
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
- * E-mail: (ES); (BM)
| | - Gian Luigi Puleo
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics@SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera, Italy
- * E-mail: (ES); (BM)
| | - Barbara Mazzolai
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics@SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera, Italy
- * E-mail: (ES); (BM)
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12
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Sung JH, Srinivasan B, Esch MB, McLamb WT, Bernabini C, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic-guided "body-on-a-chip" systems to predict mammalian response to drug and chemical exposure. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1225-39. [PMID: 24951471 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214529397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The continued development of in vitro systems that accurately emulate human response to drugs or chemical agents will impact drug development, our understanding of chemical toxicity, and enhance our ability to respond to threats from chemical or biological agents. A promising technology is to build microscale replicas of humans that capture essential elements of physiology, pharmacology, and/or toxicology (microphysiological systems). Here, we review progress on systems for microscale models of mammalian systems that include two or more integrated cellular components. These systems are described as a "body-on-a-chip", and utilize the concept of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling in the design. These microscale systems can also be used as model systems to predict whole-body responses to drugs as well as study the mechanism of action of drugs using PBPK analysis. In this review, we provide examples of various approaches to construct such systems with a focus on their physiological usefulness and various approaches to measure responses (e.g. chemical, electrical, or mechanical force and cellular viability and morphology). While the goal is to predict human response, other mammalian cell types can be utilized with the same principle to predict animal response. These systems will be evaluated on their potential to be physiologically accurate, to provide effective and efficient platform for analytics with accessibility to a wide range of users, for ease of incorporation of analytics, functional for weeks to months, and the ability to replicate previously observed human responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwan Sung
- Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 121-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Balaji Srinivasan
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Mandy Brigitte Esch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - William T McLamb
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Catia Bernabini
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Sun Y, Duffy R, Lee A, Feinberg AW. Optimizing the structure and contractility of engineered skeletal muscle thin films. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7885-94. [PMID: 23632372 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An experimental system was developed to tissue engineer skeletal muscle thin films with well-defined tissue architecture and to quantify the effect on contractility. Using the C2C12 cell line, the authors tested whether tailoring the width and spacing of micropatterned fibronectin lines can be used to increase myoblast differentiation into functional myotubes and maximize uniaxial alignment within a 2-D sheet. Using a combination of image analysis and the muscular thin film contractility assay, it was demonstrated that a fibronectin line width of 100μm and line spacing of 20μm is able to maximize the formation of anisotropic, engineered skeletal muscle with consistent contractile properties at the millimeter length scale. The engineered skeletal muscle exhibited a positive force-frequency relationship, could achieve tetanus and produced a normalized peak twitch stress of 9.4±4.6kPa at 1Hz stimulation. These results establish that micropatterning technologies can be used to control skeletal muscle differentiation and tissue architecture and, in combination with the muscular thin film contractility, assay can be used to probe structure-function relationships. More broadly, an experimental platform is provided with the potential to examine how a range of microenvironmental cues such as extracellular matrix protein composition, micropattern geometries and substrate mechanics affect skeletal muscle myogenesis and contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Molecular Modeling Studies of Piperidine Derivatives as New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors against Neurodegenerative Diseases. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/278742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are related to the progressive loss of structure or function and, eventually, death of neurons. These processes are responsible for diseases like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s, and the main molecular target for the drug design against these illnesses today is the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Following this line, in the present work, we applied docking techniques to study some piperidine derivative inhibitors of AChE and further propose structures of six new AChE inhibitors as potential new drugs against neurodegenerative disorders. The best inhibitor proposed was submitted to additional molecular dynamics simulations steps.
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