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Balzer AHA, Whitehurst CB. An Analysis of the Biotin-(Strept)avidin System in Immunoassays: Interference and Mitigation Strategies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8733-8754. [PMID: 37998726 PMCID: PMC10670868 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunoassay is an analytical test method in which analyte quantitation is based on signal responses generated as a consequence of an antibody-antigen interaction. They are the method of choice for the measurement of a large panel of diagnostic markers. Not only are they fully automated, allowing for a short turnaround time and high throughput, but offer high sensitivity and specificity with low limits of detection for a wide range of analytes. Many immunoassay manufacturers exploit the extremely high affinity of biotin for streptavidin in their assay design architectures as a means to immobilize and detect analytes of interest. The biotin-(strept)avidin system is, however, vulnerable to interference with high levels of supplemental biotin that may cause elevated or suppressed test results. Since this system is heavily applied in clinical diagnostics, biotin interference has become a serious concern, prompting the FDA to issue a safety report alerting healthcare workers and the public about the potential harm of ingesting high levels of supplemental biotin contributing toward erroneous diagnostic test results. This review includes a general background and historical prospective of immunoassays with a focus on the biotin-streptavidin system, interferences within the system, and what mitigations are applied to minimize false diagnostic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. A. Balzer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Basic Medical Science Building, 15 Dana Rd., Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Christopher B. Whitehurst
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Basic Medical Science Building, 15 Dana Rd., Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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2
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Porębska N, Ciura K, Chorążewska A, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Multivalent protein-drug conjugates - An emerging strategy for the upgraded precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108213. [PMID: 37453463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
With almost 20 million new cases per year, cancer constitutes one of the most important challenges for public health systems. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, targeted anti-cancer strategies employ sophisticated therapeutics to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, limiting the impact of drugs on healthy cells and thereby minimizing the unwanted side effects of therapy. Protein drug conjugates (PDCs) are a rapidly growing group of targeted therapeutics, composed of a cancer-recognition factor covalently coupled to a cytotoxic drug. Several PDCs, mainly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that employ monoclonal antibodies as cancer-recognition molecules, are used in the clinic and many PDCs are currently in clinical trials. Highly selective, strong and stable interaction of the PDC with the tumor marker, combined with efficient, rapid endocytosis of the receptor/PDC complex and its subsequent effective delivery to lysosomes, is critical for the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy with PDCs. However, the bivalent architecture of contemporary clinical PDCs is not optimal for tumor receptor recognition or PDCs internalization. In this review, we focus on multivalent PDCs, which represent a rapidly evolving and highly promising therapeutics that overcome most of the limitations of current bivalent PDCs, enhancing the precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. We present an expanding set of protein scaffolds used to generate multivalent PDCs that, in addition to folding into well-defined multivalent molecular structures, enable site-specific conjugation of the cytotoxic drug to ensure PDC homogeneity. We provide an overview of the architectures of multivalent PDCs developed to date, emphasizing their efficacy in the targeted treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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3
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Obeng EM, Steer DL, Fulcher AJ, Wagstaff KM. Sortase A transpeptidation produces seamless, unbranched biotinylated nanobodies for multivalent and multifunctional applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2251-2260. [PMID: 37056610 PMCID: PMC10089078 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of the biotin-streptavidin interaction for advanced protein engineering is used in many bio-nanotechnology applications. As such, researchers have used diverse techniques involving chemical and enzyme reactions to conjugate biotin to biomolecules of interest for subsequent docking onto streptavidin-associated molecules. Unfortunately, the biotin-streptavidin interaction is susceptible to steric hindrance and conformational malformation, leading to random orientations that ultimately impair the function of the displayed biomolecule. To minimize steric conflicts, we employ sortase A transpeptidation to produce quantitative, seamless, and unbranched nanobody-biotin conjugates for efficient display on streptavidin-associated nanoparticles. We further characterize the protein-nanoparticle complex and demonstrate its usefulness in optical microscopy and multivalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) antigen interaction. The approach reported here provides a template for making novel multivalent and multifunctional protein complexes for avidity-inspired technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Obeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - David L Steer
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Alex J Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Kylie M Wagstaff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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4
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Wu SY, Wu FG, Chen X. Antibody-Incorporated Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109210. [PMID: 35142395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based cancer therapy, one of the most significant therapeutic strategies, has achieved considerable success and progress over the past decades. Nevertheless, obstacles including limited tumor penetration, short circulation half-lives, undesired immunogenicity, and off-target side effects remain to be overcome for the antibody-based cancer treatment. Owing to the rapid development of nanotechnology, antibody-containing nanomedicines that have been extensively explored to overcome these obstacles have already demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy and clinical translation potential. This review intends to offer an overview of the advancements of antibody-incorporated nanoparticulate systems in cancer treatment, together with the nontrivial challenges faced by these next-generation nanomedicines. Diverse strategies of antibody immobilization, formats of antibodies, types of cancer-associated antigens, and anticancer mechanisms of antibody-containing nanomedicines are provided and discussed in this review, with an emphasis on the latest applications. The current limitations and future research directions on antibody-containing nanomedicines are also discussed from different perspectives to provide new insights into the construction of anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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5
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Yamatsugu K, Katoh H, Yamashita T, Takahashi K, Aki S, Tatsumi T, Kaneko Y, Kawamura T, Miura M, Ishii M, Ohkubo K, Osawa T, Kodama T, Ishikawa S, Kanai M, Sugiyama A. Antibody mimetic drug conjugate manufactured by high-yield Escherichia coli expression and non-covalent binding system. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 192:106043. [PMID: 34973460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a major therapeutic tool for the treatment of advanced cancer. Malignant cells in advanced cancer often display multiple genetic mutations and become resistant to monotherapy. Therefore, a therapeutic regimen that simultaneously targets multiple molecules with multiple payloads is desirable. However, the development of ADCs is hampered by issues in biopharmaceutical manufacturing and the complexity of the conjugation process of low-molecular-weight payloads to biologicals. Here, we report antibody mimetic-drug conjugates (AMDCs) developed by exploiting the non-covalent binding property of payloads based on high-affinity binding of mutated streptavidin and modified iminobiotin. Miniprotein antibodies were fused to a low immunogenic streptavidin variant, which was then expressed in Escherichia coli inclusion bodies, solubilized, and refolded into functional tetramers. The AMDC developed against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) effectively killed cultured cancer cells using bis-iminobiotin conjugated to photo-activating silicon phthalocyanine. The HER2-targeting AMDC was also effective in vivo against a mouse KPL-4 xenograft model. This AMDC platform provides rapid, stable, and high-yield therapeutics against multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yamashita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sho Aki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tatsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yudai Kaneko
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Mai Miura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Masazumi Ishii
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Sugiyama
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
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6
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Huynh V, Wylie RG. Displacement Affinity Release of Antibodies from Injectable Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30648-30660. [PMID: 31381850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current methods to tune release rates of therapeutic antibodies (Abs) for local delivery are complex and routinely require bioconjugations that may reduce Ab bioactivity. To rapidly tune release profiles of bioactive Abs, we developed a biophysical interaction system within a neutravidin modified poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel (pCB-NT) that tunes release rates of desthiobiotinylated Abs (D-Abs) using a constant hydrogel and D-Ab combination. Herein, we delivered desthiobiotinylated bevacizumab (D-Bv), a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG1 Ab for antiangiogenic cancer therapies. D-Bv's high affinity for pCB-NT (KD 7.8 × 10-10 M; t1/2 ∼ 2 h) produces a slow D-Bv release rate (∼5 ng day-1) that is increased by the dissolution of hydrogel encapsulated biotin derivative pellets, which displaces D-Bv from pCB-NT binding sites. In contrast to traditional affinity systems, displacement affinity release of Abs (DARA) does not require Ab or hydrogel modifications for each unique release rate. D-Bv release rates were tuned by simply altering the total biotin derivative concentration; the effective first-order (keff) and mass per day release rates were tuned 25- and 8-fold, respectively. Local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and biolayer interferometry (BLI) confirmed the D-Bv binding affinity for the corresponding ligand and Fc receptor, demonstrating that the biophysical interaction system is amenable to anticancer Abs for receptor or cytokine blockade and immune cell recruitment to cancer cells.
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7
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Sun Z, Liu Q, Qu G, Feng Y, Reetz MT. Utility of B-Factors in Protein Science: Interpreting Rigidity, Flexibility, and Internal Motion and Engineering Thermostability. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1626-1665. [PMID: 30698416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Philipps-University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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8
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Talreja D, Cashman SM, Dasari B, Kumar B, Kumar-Singh R. G-quartet oligonucleotide mediated delivery of functional X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein into retinal cells following intravitreal injection. Exp Eye Res 2018; 175:20-31. [PMID: 29864441 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no efficient method available for the delivery of full length functional proteins into the cytoplasm of retinal cells in vivo. Historically, the most successful approach for the treatment of retinal diseases has been intravitreal injection of antibodies or recombinant proteins, but this approach is not yet utilized for the delivery of proteins that require intracellular access for a therapeutic effect. Here we describe a platform for the delivery of functional proteins into ganglion cells, photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium via intravitreal injection. A nucleolin binding aptamer, AS1411, was biotinylated and complexed with traptavidin and utilized as a platform for the delivery of GFP or X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) proteins by intravitreal injection in BALB/c mice. Retinal sections were analyzed for uptake of proteins in the retina. Apoptosis was induced by intravitreal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Retinas were harvested for analysis of TUNEL and caspase 3/7 activity. Intravitreal injection of AS1411-directed GFP or XIAP complexes enabled delivery of these proteins into ganglion cells, photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium in vivo. AS1411-XIAP complexes conferred significant protection to cells in the outer and inner nuclear layers following NMDA induced apoptosis. A concomitant decrease in activity of Caspase 3/7 was observed in eyes injected with the AS1411-XIAP complex. In conclusion, AS1411 can be used as a platform for the delivery of therapeutic proteins into retinal cells. This approach can potentially be utilized to introduce a large variety of therapeutically relevant proteins that are previously well characterized to maintain the structural integrity and function of retina, thus, preventing vision loss due to ocular trauma or inherited retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Talreja
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Siobhan M Cashman
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Bhanu Dasari
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Binit Kumar
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Rajendra Kumar-Singh
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Bio-imaging is a key technique in tracking and monitoring important biological processes and fundamental biomolecular interactions, however the interference of background autofluorescence with targeted fluorophores is problematic for many bio-imaging applications. This study reports on two novel methods for reducing interference with cellular autofluorescence for bio-imaging. The first method uses fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs), containing nitrogen vacancy centers. FNDs emit at near-infrared wavelengths typically higher than most cellular autofluorescence; and when appropriately functionalized, can be used for background-free imaging of targeted biomolecules. The second method uses europium-chelating tags with long fluorescence lifetimes. These europium-chelating tags enhance background-free imaging due to the short fluorescent lifetimes of cellular autofluorescence. In this study, we used both methods to target E-selectin, a transmembrane glycoprotein that is activated by inflammation, to demonstrate background-free fluorescent staining in fixed endothelial cells. Our findings indicate that both FND and Europium based staining can improve fluorescent bio-imaging capabilities by reducing competition with cellular autofluorescence. 30 nm nanodiamonds coated with the E-selectin antibody was found to enable the most sensitive detective of E-selectin in inflamed cells, with a 40-fold increase in intensity detected.
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10
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Abstract
The strong interaction between streptavidin (SA) and biotin is widely utilized in biotechnological applications. A SA variant, monovalent SA, was developed with a single and high affinity biotin-binding site within the intact tetramer. However, its structural characterization remains undetermined. Here, we seek to determine the crystal structure of monovalent SA at 1.7-Å resolution. We show that, in contrast to its ‘close-state’ in the only wild-type subunit, the L3,4 loops of three Dead SA subunits are free from crystal packing and remain in an ‘open state’, stabilized by a consistent H-bonding network involving S52. This H-bonding network also applies to the previously reported open state of the wild-type apo-SA. These results suggest that specific substitutions (N23A/S27D/S45A) at biotin-binding sites stabilize the open state of SA L3,4 loop, thereby further reducing biotin-binding affinity. The general features of the ‘open state’ SA among different SA variants may facilitate its rational design. The structural information of monovalent SA will be valuable for its applications across a wide range of biotechnological areas.
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Kawato T, Mizohata E, Shimizu Y, Meshizuka T, Yamamoto T, Takasu N, Matsuoka M, Matsumura H, Kodama T, Kanai M, Doi H, Inoue T, Sugiyama A. Structure-based design of a streptavidin mutant specific for an artificial biotin analogue. J Biochem 2015; 157:467-75. [PMID: 25645976 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For a multistep pre-targeting method using antibodies, a streptavidin mutant with low immunogenicity, termed low immunogenic streptavidin mutant No. 314 (LISA-314), was produced previously as a drug delivery tool. However, endogenous biotins (BTNs) with high affinity (Kd < 10(-10) M) for the binding pocket of LISA-314 prevents access of exogenous BTN-labelled anticancer drugs. In this study, we improve the binding pocket of LISA-314 to abolish its affinity for endogenous BTN species, therefore ensuring that the newly designed LISA-314 binds only artificial BTN analogue. The replacement of three amino acid residues was performed in two steps to develop a mutant termed V212, which selectively binds to 6-(5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-iminohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanamido)hexanoic acid (iminobiotin long tail, IMNtail). Surface plasmon resonance results showed that V212 has a Kd value of 5.9 × 10(-7) M towards IMNtail, but no binding affinity for endogenous BTN species. This V212/IMNtail system will be useful as a novel delivery tool for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kawato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Eiichi Mizohata
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimizu
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Meshizuka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takasu
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsuoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Matsumura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Doi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Akira Sugiyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; and Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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