1
|
Zhao S, Guo T, Yao Y, Dong B, Zhao G. Research advancements in the maintenance mechanism of Sporidiobolus pararoseus enhancing the quality of soy sauce during fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 417:110690. [PMID: 38581832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Soy sauce is a traditional condiment that undergoes microbial fermentation of various ingredients to achieve its desired color, scent, and flavor. Sporidiobolus pararoseus, which is a type of Rhodocerevisiae, shows promising potential as a source of lipids, carotenoids, and enzymes that can enrich the taste and color of soy sauce. However, there is currently a lack of systematic and comprehensive studies on the functions and mechanisms of action of S. pararoseus during soy sauce fermentation. In this review, it is well established that S. pararoseus produces lipids that are abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic acid, as well as various carotenoids, such as β-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin. These pigments are synthesized through the mevalonic acid pathway and possess remarkable antioxidant properties, acting as natural colorants. The synthesis of carotenoids is stimulated by high salt concentrations, which induces oxidative stress caused by NaCl. This stress further activates crucial enzymes involved in carotenoid production, ultimately leading to pigment formation. Moreover, S. pararoseus can produce high-quality enzymes that aid in the efficient utilization of soy sauce substrates during fermentation. Furthermore, this review focused on the impact of S. pararoseus on the color and quality of soy sauce and comprehensively analyzed its characteristics and ingredients. Thus, this review serves as a basis for screening high-quality oleaginous red yeast strains and improving the quality of industrial soy sauce production through the wide application of S. pararoseus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuoshuo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yunping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Guozhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JH, Dubey SK, Hwangbo K, Chung BY, Lee SS, Lee S. Application of ionizing radiation as an elicitor to enhance the growth and metabolic activities in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1087070. [PMID: 36890890 PMCID: PMC9986495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a eukaryotic, unicellular photosynthetic organism and a potential algal platform for producing biomass and recombinant proteins for industrial use. Ionizing radiation is a potent genotoxic and mutagenic agent used for algal mutation breeding that induces various DNA damage and repair responses. In this study, however, we explored the counterintuitive bioeffects of ionizing radiation, such as X- and γ-rays, and its potential as an elicitor to facilitate batch or fed-batch cultivation of Chlamydomonas cells. A certain dose range of X- and γ-rays was shown to stimulate the growth and metabolite production of Chlamydomonas cells. X- or γ-irradiation with relatively low doses below 10 Gy substantially increased chlorophyll, protein, starch, and lipid content as well as growth and photosynthetic activity in Chlamydomonas cells without inducing apoptotic cell death. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated the radiation-induced changes in DNA damage response (DDR) and various metabolic pathways with the dose-dependent expression of some DDR genes, such as CrRPA30, CrFEN1, CrKU, CrRAD51, CrOASTL2, CrGST2, and CrRPA70A. However, the overall transcriptomic changes were not causally associated with growth stimulation and/or enhanced metabolic activities. Nevertheless, the radiation-induced growth stimulation was strongly enhanced by repetitive X-irradiation and/or subsequent cultivation with an inorganic carbon source, i.e., NaHCO3, but was significantly inhibited by treatment of ascorbic acid, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The optimal dose range of X-irradiation for growth stimulation differed by genotype and radiation sensitivity. Here, we suggest that ionizing radiation within a certain dose range determined by genotype-dependent radiation sensitivity could induce growth stimulation and enhance metabolic activities, including photosynthesis, chlorophyll, protein, starch, and lipid synthesis in Chlamydomonas cells via ROS signaling. The counterintuitive benefits of a genotoxic and abiotic stress factor, i.e., ionizing radiation, in a unicellular algal organism, i.e., Chlamydomonas, may be explained by epigenetic stress memory or priming effects associated with ROS-mediated metabolic remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hong Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shubham Kumar Dubey
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Hwangbo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang F, Wei Z, Long L. Response mechanisms to ocean warming exposure in Effrenium voratum (Symbiodiniaceae). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:114032. [PMID: 35969902 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming is an extreme environment event that has profound and lasting impacts on Symbiodiniaceae. However, their response mechanisms to elevated temperature exposure are poorly understood. In this study, the physiological and transcriptional responses of Effrenium voratum (Symbiodiniaceae) to ocean warming were examined. After exposure to 30 °C, no significant variations in growth, chlorophyll a, or photosynthetic and respiration rates were observed, while a higher temperature (34 °C) significantly reduced these physiological measurements. Meanwhile, lipid content and fatty acid composition were altered at high temperature (i.e., elevated degree of fatty acid saturation). Such biochemical constituents likely contributed to the mitigation of the negative effects of elevated temperatures. Furthermore, higher expression levels of genes related to the synthesis and elongation of fatty acids were detected at high temperature. The adjustment of lipids and fatty acid composition may be a potential mechanism by which E. voratum may survive under future global warming. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY: The adjustment of lipids and fatty acid composition may be a potential mechanism by which E. voratum acclimate to future global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhangliang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lijuan Long
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carvalho NS, Pessôa LC, Deamici KM, da Silva JBA, de Souza Parga FA, de Souza CO, Tavares PPLG, de Jesus Assis D. Analysis and Modeling of Innovations in the Global Microalgae Lipids Market. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11030037. [PMID: 36134911 PMCID: PMC9496988 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae lipids offer numerous advantages over those of plants and animals, enabling the sustainable commercialization of high value-added products in different markets. Although these markets are in a vertiginous annual expansion, technological life cycle modeling is a tool that has been rarely used for microalgae. Life cycle modeling is capable of assisting with decision-making based on data and is considered as a versatile model, usable in multiple software analyzing and diagnostic tasks. Modeling technological trends makes it possible to categorize the development level of the market and predict phase changes, reducing uncertainties and increasing investments. This study aims to fill this gap by performing a global analysis and modeling of microalgal lipid innovations. The Espacenet and Orbit platforms were used by crossing the keywords “microalgae”, “lipid*”, and the IPC code C12 (biochemistry and microbiology). Different sigmoid growth models were used in the present study. A successive repetition of the Chlorella genus category was found in the keyword clusters regarding extraction and separation of lipids. The life cycle S curve indicates a market starting at the maturity phase, where the BiDoseResp model stands out. The main countries and institutions at the technological forefront are shown, as well as potential technological domains for opening new markets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Santana Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ), Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Brazil
| | - Luiggi Cavalcanti Pessôa
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ), Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Brazil
- Senai Cimatec University Center, Environment Department, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.C.P.); (D.d.J.A.)
| | | | - Jania Betânia Alves da Silva
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ), Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Brazil
- Center of Science and Technology, Mechanical Engineering Collegiate, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PGALI), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil
| | | | - Denilson de Jesus Assis
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ), Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Brazil
- School of Exact and Technological Sciences, Salvador University, Salvador 41820-021, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.C.P.); (D.d.J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeng N, Zhang N, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang D, Pu F, Li B. Transcriptomics Integrated with Metabolomics: Assessing the Central Metabolism of Different Cells after Cell Differentiation in Aureobasidium pullulans NG. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080882. [PMID: 36012870 PMCID: PMC9410427 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When organisms are stimulated by external stresses, oxidative stress is induced, resulting in the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that inhibit cell growth and accelerate cellular aging until death. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress is important to enhance cellular resistance, and Aureobasidium pullulans, a highly resistant yeast-like fungus, can use cellular differentiation to resist environmental stress. Here, swollen cells (SCs) from two different differentiation periods in Aureobasidium pullulans NG showed significantly higher antioxidant capacity and stress defense capacity than yeast-like cells (YL). The transcriptome and the metabolome of both cells were analyzed, and the results showed that amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism were significantly enriched in SCs. Glyoxylate metabolism was significantly upregulated in carbohydrate metabolism, replacing the metabolic hub of the citric acid (TCA) cycle, helping to coordinate multiple metabolic pathways and playing an important role in the resistance of Aureobasidium pullulans NG to environmental stress. Finally, we obtained 10 key genes and two key metabolites in SCs, which provide valuable clues for subsequent validation. In conclusion, these results provide valuable information for assessing central metabolism-mediating oxidative stress in Aureobasidium pullulans NG, and also provide new ideas for exploring the pathways of eukaryotic resistance to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zeng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fangxiong Pu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Bingxue Li
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou W, Ji X, Zheng L, Yang G, Liu T. Producing high value unsaturated fatty acid by whole-cell catalysis using microalga: A case study with Tribonema minus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2482-2493. [PMID: 35680651 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High value unsaturated fatty acids can be produced by de novo synthesis in microalgal cells, especially via heterotrophic cultivation. Unfortunately, the lipid accumulation of heterotrophic microalgae cannot be improved efficiently in conventional ways. Here we reported heterotrophic Tribonema minus, a promising resource for the production of palmitoleic acid which has increasing demands in health service for patients with metabolic syndrome, as whole-cell biocatalyst to develop a novel way of shifting low value exogenous saturated fatty acids to high value ones. Results showed that myristic acid is the best precursor for whole-cell catalysis; it elevated the lipid content of T. minus to 42.2%, the highest among the tried precursors. The influences of cultivation condition on the utilization of extrinsic myristic acid and lipid accumulation were also determined. Under the optimized condition, the lipid content reached as high as 48.9%. In addition, our findings showed that ~13.0% of C16:1 in T. minus is derived from extrinsic myristic acid, and 30.1% of metabolized precursor is converted into heterologous fatty acids. Thus, a feasible approach for both increasing the value of low value saturated fatty acid by bioconversion and enhancing the lipid accumulation in microalgae is proposed by supplementing extrinsic myristic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhou
- Microalgae Biotechnology Group, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Bioenergy Division, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- Microalgae Biotechnology Group, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Bioenergy Division, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Guanpin Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Microalgae Biotechnology Group, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Bioenergy Division, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fal S, Aasfar A, Rabie R, Smouni A, Arroussi HEL. Salt induced oxidative stress alters physiological, biochemical and metabolomic responses of green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08811. [PMID: 35118209 PMCID: PMC8792077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors limiting microalgal biomass productivity. In the present study, the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) was exposed to 200 mM NaCl for eight days to explore the physiological, biochemical and metabolomic changes. C. reinhradtii exhibited a significant decrease in growth rate, and Chl a and Chl b levels. 200 mM NaCl induced ROS generation in C. reinhardtii with increase in H2O2 content. This caused lipid peroxidation with increase in MDA levels. C. reinhardtii also exhibited an increase in carbohydrate and lipid accumulation under 200 mM NaCl conditions as storage molecules in cells to maintain microalgal survival. In addition, NaCl stress increased the content of carotenoids, polyphenols and osmoprotectant molecules such as proline. SOD and APX activities decreased, while ROS-scavenger enzymes (POD and CAT) decreased. Metabolomic response showed an accumulation of the major molecules implicated in membrane remodelling and stress resistance such oleic acid (40.29%), linolenic acid (19.29%), alkanes, alkenes and phytosterols. The present study indicates the physiological, biochemical and metabolomic responses of C. reinhardtii to salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Fal
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abderahim Aasfar
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Reda Rabie
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
- University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Fez, Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abelaziz Smouni
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham EL. Arroussi
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
- Agrobiosciences Program, University Mohamed 6 Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Omega-3 fatty acids of microalgae as a food supplement: A review of exogenous factors for production enhancement. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Zhang C, Hasunuma T, Shiung Lam S, Kondo A, Ho SH. Salinity-induced microalgal-based mariculture wastewater treatment combined with biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125638. [PMID: 34358989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mariculture wastewater has drawn growing attention due to associated threats for coastal environment. However, most biological techniques exhibit unfavorable performance due to saline inhibition. Furthermore, only NaCl was used in most studies causing clumsy evaluation, undermining the potential of microalgal mariculture wastewater treatment. Herein, various concentrations of NaCl and sea salt are comprehensively examined and compared for their efficiencies of mariculture wastewater treatment and biodiesel conversion. The results indicate sea salt is a better trigger for treating wastewater (nearly 100% total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal) and producing high-quality biodiesel (330 mg/L•d). Structure equation model (SEM) further demonstrates the correlation of wastewater treatment performance and microalgal status is gradually weakened with increment of sea salt concentrations. Furthermore, metabolic analysis reveals enhanced photosynthesis might be the pivotal motivator for preferable outcomes under sea salt stimulation. This study provides new insights into microalgae-based approach integrating mariculture wastewater treatment and biodiesel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Japan
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maltsev Y, Maltseva K, Kulikovskiy M, Maltseva S. Influence of Light Conditions on Microalgae Growth and Content of Lipids, Carotenoids, and Fatty Acid Composition. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1060. [PMID: 34681157 PMCID: PMC8533579 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a valuable natural resource for a variety of value-added products. The growth of microalgae is determined by the impact of many factors, but, from the point of view of the implementation of autotrophic growth, light is of primary importance. This work presents an overview of the influence of light conditions on the growth of microalgae, the content of lipids, carotenoids, and the composition of fatty acids in their biomass, taking into account parameters such as the intensity, duration of lighting, and use of rays of different spectral composition. The optimal light intensity for the growth of microalgae lies in the following range: 26-400 µmol photons m-2 s-1. An increase in light intensity leads to an activation of lipid synthesis. For maximum lipid productivity, various microalgae species and strains need lighting of different intensities: from 60 to 700 µmol photons m-2 s-1. Strong light preferentially increases the triacylglyceride content. The intensity of lighting has a regulating effect on the synthesis of fatty acids, carotenoids, including β-carotene, lutein and astaxanthin. In intense lighting conditions, saturated fatty acids usually accumulate, as well as monounsaturated ones, and the number of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreases. Red as well as blue LED lighting improves the biomass productivity of microalgae of various taxonomic groups. Changing the duration of the photoperiod, the use of pulsed light can stimulate microalgae growth, the production of lipids, and carotenoids. The simultaneous use of light and other stresses contributes to a stronger effect on the productivity of algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen Maltsev
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of Aquatic Plants, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Kateryna Maltseva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 72312 Melitopol, Ukraine;
| | - Maxim Kulikovskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of Aquatic Plants, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Svetlana Maltseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of Aquatic Plants, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu Z, Cao H, Li X, Rong J, Cao X, Tian J. A Carbon Fixation Enhanced Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Strain for Achieving the Double-Win Between Growth and Biofuel Production Under Non-stressed Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:603513. [PMID: 33511104 PMCID: PMC7835968 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.603513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The stressed cultivations are widely used in microalgae R&D for the biofuel production with the repress on growth to a certain degree, which limits the overall productivity. The balance between the growth and energy storage compounds accumulation is a target needing the combination of both strain selection or construction and culture optimization. Here, an engineered strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in which the chloroplast type glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (cGAPDH) was overexpressed and named as P3-GAPDH, was cultured on the Algal Station platform. Compared with wild type (WT), C. reinhardtii CC137c, in Tris-acetate-phosphate (TAP) medium, the highest density of WT and P3-GAPDH were 1.23 ± 0.13 and 1.74 ± 0.09 g L–1 within 96 h, and the maximum biomass productivity was 24.30 ± 1.65 and 28.54 ± 1.43 mg L–1 h–1, respectively. In terms of the energy storage compounds, both carbohydrate and fatty acids content doubled in P3-GAPDH, from 0.13 ± 0.02 to 0.26 ± 0.04 g L–1 for carbohydrate and from 0.08 ± 0.01 to 0.16 ± 0.01 g L–1 for fatty acids, among which poly unsaturated fatty acids increased by 65.8%. Together with the continuous monitor of the chlorophyll fluorescence dynamics parameters Fv/Fm and Fv’/Fm’ and pH of culture, enhanced Calvin cycle by overexpressed cGAPDH promoted the carbon conversion and subsequent energy storage compounds accumulation. C. reinhardtii P3-GAPDH strain showed the potential as a good chassis with high carbon conversion ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory of Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Huijiao Cao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory of Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Li
- Research Centre of Renewable Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Rong
- Research Centre of Renewable Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing, China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,Division of Solar Energy, Dalian National Laboratory of Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Devadasu E, Subramanyam R. Enhanced Lipid Production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Caused by Severe Iron Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:615577. [PMID: 33927732 PMCID: PMC8076870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.615577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are used as a source of lipids for the production of biofuels. Most algae produce neutral lipids under stress conditions. Here, lipid accumulation by the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was examined during cultivation under iron-limiting conditions. Severe iron stress caused the cells to accumulate a significant amount of lipid, specifically triacylglycerols (TAGs), by compromising the growth. Semi-quantitative measurements by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed an increase in both carbohydrate and lipid content in iron-stressed C. reinhardtii cells compared to control. Analysis by flow cytometry and thin layer chromatography confirmed that severe iron deficiency-induced TAG accumulation to fourfold higher than in iron-replete control cells. This accumulation of TAGs was mostly degraded from chloroplast lipids accompanied by overexpression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2A) protein. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis demonstrated significantly enhanced levels of C16:0, C18:2, and C18:3 fatty acids (FAs). These results indicate that iron stress triggers the rapid accumulation of TAGs in C. reinhardtii cells. The enhanced production of these lipids caused by the iron deficiency may contribute to the efficient production of algal biofuels if we escalate to the photobioreactor's growth conditions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Metabolomics integrated with transcriptomics: assessing the central metabolism of marine red yeast Sporobolomyces pararoseus under salinity stress. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:889-899. [PMID: 33074377 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the most serious environmental issues in agricultural regions worldwide. Excess salinity inhibits root growth of various crops, and results in reductions of yield. It is of crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms mediating salinity stress responses for enhancing crops' salt tolerance. Marine red yeast Sporobolomyces pararoseus should have evolved some unique salt-tolerant mechanism, because they long-term live in high-salt ecosystems. However, little research has conducted so far by considering S. pararoseus as model microorganisms to study salt-tolerant mechanisms. Here, we successfully integrated metabolomics with transcriptomic profiles of S. pararoseus in response to salinity stress. Screening of metabolite features with untargeted metabolic profiling, we characterized 4862 compounds from the LC-MS/MS-based datasets. The integrated results showed that amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism is significantly enriched in response to salt stress. Co-expression network analysis showed that 28 genes and 8 metabolites play an important role in the response of S. pararoseus, which provides valuable clues for subsequent validation. Together, the results provide valuable information for assessing the central metabolism of mediating salt responses in S. pararoseus and offer inventories of target genes for salt tolerance improvement via genetic engineering.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ischebeck T, Krawczyk HE, Mullen RT, Dyer JM, Chapman KD. Lipid droplets in plants and algae: Distribution, formation, turnover and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:82-93. [PMID: 32147380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant oils represent an energy-rich and carbon-dense group of hydrophobic compounds. These oils are not only of economic interest, but also play important, fundamental roles in plant and algal growth and development. The subcellular storage compartments of plant lipids, referred to as lipid droplets (LDs), have long been considered relatively inert oil vessels. However, research in the last decade has revealed that LDs play far more dynamic roles in plant biology than previously appreciated, including transient neutral lipid storage, membrane remodeling, lipid signaling, and stress responses. Here we discuss recent developments in the understanding of LD formation, turnover and function in land plants and algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Ischebeck
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannah E Krawczyk
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert T Mullen
- University of Guelph, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John M Dyer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- University of North Texas, BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hang LT, Mori K, Tanaka Y, Morikawa M, Toyama T. Enhanced lipid productivity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with combination of NaCl and CaCl2 stresses. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:971-980. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
16
|
Mao X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu J. Novel insights into salinity-induced lipogenesis and carotenogenesis in the oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: a multi-omics study. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:73. [PMID: 32322303 PMCID: PMC7161124 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromochloris zofingiensis, a freshwater alga capable of synthesizing both triacylglycerol (TAG) and astaxanthin, has been receiving increasing attention as a leading candidate producer. While the mechanism of oleaginousness and/or carotenogenesis has been studied under such induction conditions as nitrogen deprivation, high light and glucose feeding, it remains to be elucidated in response to salt stress, a condition critical for reducing freshwater footprint during algal production processes. RESULTS Firstly, the effect of salt concentrations on growth, lipids and carotenoids was examined for C. zofingiensis, and 0.2 M NaCl demonstrated to be the optimal salt concentration for maximizing both TAG and astaxanthin production. Then, the time-resolved lipid and carotenoid profiles and comparative transcriptomes and metabolomes were generated in response to the optimized salt concentration for congruent analysis. A global response was triggered in C. zofingiensis allowing acclimation to salt stress, including photosynthesis impairment, ROS build-up, protein turnover, starch degradation, and TAG and astaxanthin accumulation. The lipid metabolism involved a set of stimulated biological pathways that contributed to carbon precursors, energy and reductant molecules, pushing and pulling power, and storage sink for TAG accumulation. On the other hand, salt stress suppressed lutein biosynthesis, stimulated astaxanthin biosynthesis (mainly via ketolation), yet had little effect on total carotenoid flux, leading to astaxanthin accumulation at the expense of lutein. Astaxanthin was predominantly esterified and accumulated in a well-coordinated manner with TAG, pointing to the presence of common regulators and potential communication for the two compounds. Furthermore, the comparison between salt stress and nitrogen deprivation conditions revealed distinctions in TAG and astaxanthin biosynthesis as well as critical genes with engineering potential. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-omics data and integrated analysis shed light on the salt acclimation of C. zofingiensis and underlying mechanisms of TAG and astaxanthin biosynthesis, provide engineering implications into future trait improvements, and will benefit the development of this alga for production uses under saline environment, thus reducing the footprint of freshwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Mao
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou W, Wang H, Zheng L, Cheng W, Gao L, Liu T. Comparison of Lipid and Palmitoleic Acid Induction of Tribonema minus under Heterotrophic and Phototrophic Regimes by Using High-Density Fermented Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184356. [PMID: 31491935 PMCID: PMC6770399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid, one scarce omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid, has important applications in the fields of medicine and health products. Tribonema has been considered as a promising candidate for the production of palmitoleic acid due to its high lipid and palmitoleic acid content and remarkable heterotrophic ability. The high-density heterotrophic cultivation of Tribonema minus was conducted in this work, and the highest biomass of 42.9 g L−1 and a relatively low lipid content of 28.7% were observed. To further enhance the lipid and palmitoleic acid accumulation, induction strategies under two regimes of phototrophy and heterotrophy with different conditions were investigated and compared. Results demonstrated encouraging promotions both by heterotrophic and phototrophic ways, and the final lipid contents reached 41.9% and 49.0%, respectively. In consideration of the time cost, however, the induction under heterotrophic conditions was much more advantageous, by which the highest lipid and palmitoleic acid productivities of 1.77 g L−1 d−1 and 924 mg L−1 d−1 were obtained respectively, with the lipid yield on glucose of 0.26 g g−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key laboratory for Marine bioactive substances and modern analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wentao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Moriyama T, Mori N, Nagata N, Sato N. Selective loss of photosystem I and formation of tubular thylakoids in heterotrophically grown red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:275-287. [PMID: 30415289 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that glycerol is required for heterotrophic growth in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Here, we analyzed heterotrophically grown cells in more detail. Sugars or other organic substances did not support the growth in the dark. The growth rate was 0.4 divisions day-1 in the presence of 400 mM glycerol, in contrast with 0.5 divisions day-1 in the phototrophic growth. The growth continued until the sixth division. Unlimited heterotrophic growth was possible in the medium containing DCMU and glycerol in the light. Light-activated heterotrophic culture in which cells were irradiated by intermittent light also continued without an apparent limit. In the heterotrophic culture in the dark, chlorophyll content drastically decreased, as a result of inability of dark chlorophyll synthesis. Photosynthetic activity gradually decreased over 10 days, and finally lost after 19 days. Low-temperature fluorescence measurement and immunoblot analysis showed that this decline in photosynthetic activity was mainly due to the loss of Photosystem I, while the levels of Photosystem II and phycobilisomes were maintained. Accumulated triacylglycerol was lost during the heterotrophic growth, while keeping the overall lipid composition. Observation by transmission electron microscopy revealed that a part of thylakoid membranes turned into pentagonal tubular structures, on which five rows of phycobilisomes were aligned. This might be a structure that compactly conserve phycobilisomes and Photosystem II in an inactive state, probably as a stock of carbon and nitrogen. These results suggest that C. merolae has a unique strategy of heterotrophic growth, distinct from those found in other red algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Moriyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Natsumi Mori
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Naoki Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zuccaro G, Steyer JP, van Lis R. The algal trophic mode affects the interaction and oil production of a synergistic microalga-yeast consortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:608-617. [PMID: 30481660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of non-food feedstocks to produce renewable microbial resources can limit our dependence on fossil fuels and lower CO2 emissions. Since microalgae display a virtuous CO2 and O2 exchange with heterotrophs, the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was combined with the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi, known for their production of oil, base material for biodiesel. The coupled growth was shown to be synergistic for biomass and lipid production. The species were truly symbiotic since synergistic growth occurred even when the alga cannot use the organic carbon in the feedstock and in absence of air, thus depending entirely on CO2-O2 exchange. Since addition of acetate as the algal carbon source lowered the performance of the consortium, the microbial system design should take into account algal mixotrophy. The mixed biomass was found be suitable for biodiesel production, and whereas lipid production increased in the consortium, yields should be improved in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Zuccaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy; LBE, INRA, Univ Montpellier, 102 avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - J-P Steyer
- LBE, INRA, Univ Montpellier, 102 avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - R van Lis
- LBE, INRA, Univ Montpellier, 102 avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Charles ED, Muhamadali H, Goodacre R, Pittman JK. Biochemical signatures of acclimation by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to different ionic stresses. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|