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Fardous J, Yamamoto E, Omoso Y, Nagao S, Inoue Y, Yoshida K, Ikegami Y, Zhang Y, Shirakigawa N, Ono F, Ijima H. Development of a gel-in-oil emulsion as a transdermal drug delivery system for successful delivery of growth factors. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:95-101. [PMID: 33883072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are indispensable in regenerative medicine because of their high effectiveness. However, as GFs degenerate easily, the development of a suitable carrier with improved stability for GFs is necessary. In this study, we developed a gel-in-oil (G/O) emulsion technology for the transdermal delivery of growth factors. Nanogel particles prepared with heparin-immobilized gelatin that can bind growth factors were dispersed in isopropyl myristate. The particle size of the G/O emulsion could be controlled by changing the surfactant concentration, volume ratio of the water phase to the oil phase, and gelatin concentration. In vitro skin penetration studies showed better penetration through the stratum corneum of fluorescent proteins containing G/O emulsions than of the aqueous solution of GF. Similarly, an in vivo study showed an angiogenesis-inducing effect after transdermal application of GF-immobilized G/O emulsion. Angiogenesis in mice was confirmed owing to both an increased blood vessel network and higher hemoglobin content in the blood. Therefore, the G/O emulsion could be a promising carrier for GFs with better stability and can effectively deliver GFs at the target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Fardous
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Emiko Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yuji Omoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Seiya Nagao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yuuta Inoue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Kozue Yoshida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Ikegami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Nana Shirakigawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Fumiyasu Ono
- Global Innovation Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Industry-Academia Symphonicity, 4-1 Kyudai-Shinmachi, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Ikegami Y, Mizumachi H, Yoshida K, Ijima H. Heparin-conjugated collagen as a potent growth factor-localizing and stabilizing scaffold for regenerative medicine. Regen Ther 2020; 15:236-242. [PMID: 33426224 PMCID: PMC7770420 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growth factors are crucial bioactive molecules in vitro and in vivo. Among them, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been used widely for various applications such as cell culture and regenerative medicine. However, bFGF has extremely poor stability in aqueous solution; thus, it is difficult to maintain its high local concentration. Heparin-conjugated materials have been studied recently as promising scaffold-immobilizing growth factors for biological and medical applications. The previous studies have focused on the local concentration maintenance and sustained release of the growth factors from the scaffold. Methods In this paper, we focused on the biological stability of bFGF immobilized on the heparin-conjugated collagen (hep-col) scaffold. The stability of the immobilized bFGF was quantitatively evaluated at physiological temperature (37 °C) using cell culture and ELISA. Results The immobilized bFGF had twice higher stability than the bFGF solution. Furthermore, the hep-col scaffold was able to immobilize not only bFGF but also other growth factors (i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor) at high efficiency. Conclusions The hep-col scaffold can localize several kinds of growth factors as well as stabilize bFGF under physiological temperature and is a promising potent scaffold for regenerative medicine. Heparin-conjugated collagen scaffold immobilized bFGF, VEGF, and HGF with a high efficiency of 80–90% even at 100 ng/mL. Cell proliferation of HUVECs was promoted depending on the bFGF amount on the scaffold, and slowed by pre-incubation at 37 °C. Growth factor-immobilization on the scaffold stabilized bFGF and maintained its bioactivity longer than bFGF solution.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Basic fibroblast growth factor
- Bioactive growth factor-quantification
- C-FBS, charcoal/dextran-treated fetal bovine serum
- CMF-PBS, calcium- and magnesium-free phosphate-buffered saline
- EDC, 1-Ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Growth factor stabilization
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells
- Heparin-conjugated collagen
- MES, 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid
- N-hydroxysuccinimide, VEGF
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- hESCs, human embryonic stem cells
- hep-col, heparin-conjugated collagen
- hiPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- monohydrate, NHS
- vascular endothelial growth factor, Main text
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ikegami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mizumachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kozue Yoshida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Ikegami Y, Ijima H. Development of heparin-conjugated nanofibers and a novel biological signal by immobilized growth factors for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:354-362. [PMID: 31601468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aligned fibers have been used as a scaffold of nerve guidance conduit owing to their guiding function of neural cells for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the recovery performance of nerve guidance conduits using aligned fibrous scaffold is insufficient, and further improvements in scaffold function is required for promoting regeneration. In this study, we developed aligned heparin-conjugated fibers and supplied a biological signal to neural cells by the growth factors immobilized through heparin. Results indicated that neural model cells (PC12 cells) were cultured well on the scaffold without inhibiting cell adhesion by heparin conjugation and exhibited more vigorous cell proliferation than in a heparin-free condition. The cells extended their neurites along the fiber direction. Furthermore, PC12 cells on the heparin-conjugated fibrous scaffold pre-exposed to a nerve growth factor solution sprouted more neurites compared to those of heparin-free condition. These results verified that our scaffold exhibited high biocompatibility to neural cells and could maintain an effective local concentration of growth factors on the scaffold surface. Therefore, aligned heparin-conjugated fibers are promising scaffolds of nerve guidance conduits for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration by the combinatorial effect of topological and biological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ikegami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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He C, Ji H, Qian Y, Wang Q, Liu X, Zhao W, Zhao C. Heparin-based and heparin-inspired hydrogels: size-effect, gelation and biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1186-1208. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The size-effect, fabrication methods and biomedical applications of heparin-based and heparin-inspired hydrogels are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yihui Qian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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Jahangirian H, Lemraski EG, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Webster TJ. A review of using green chemistry methods for biomaterials in tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5953-5969. [PMID: 30323585 PMCID: PMC6177385 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s163399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although environmentally safe, or green, technologies have revolutionized other fields (such as consumables, automobiles, etc.), its use in biomaterials is still at its infancy. However, in the few cases in which safe manufacturing technology and materials have been implemented to prevent postpollution and reduce the consumption of synthesized scaffold (such as bone, cartilage, blood cell, nerve, skin, and muscle) has had a significant impact on different applications of tissue engineering. In the present research, we report the use of biological materials as templates for preparing different kinds of tissues and the application of safe green methods in tissue engineering technology. These include green methods for bone and tissue engineering-based biomaterials, which have received the greatest amount of citations in recent years. Thoughts on what is needed for this field to grow are also critically included. In this paper, the impending applications of safe, ecofriendly materials and green methods in tissue engineering have been detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jahangirian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
| | | | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
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