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Lin T, Ge Y, Gao Q, Zhang D, Chen X, Hu Y, Fan J. Backbone Cyclization of Flavin Mononucleotide-Based Fluorescent Protein Increases Fluorescence and Stability. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1681-1691. [PMID: 37789714 PMCID: PMC10772547 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2305.05011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavin mononucleotide-binding proteins or domains emit cyan-green fluorescence under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, but relatively low fluorescence and less thermostability limit their application as reporters. In this work, we incorporated the codon-optimized fluorescent protein from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with two different linkers independently into the redox-responsive split intein construct, overexpressed the precursors in hyperoxic Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 strain, and cyclized the target proteins in vitro in the presence of the reducing agent. Compared with the purified linear protein, the cyclic protein with the short linker displayed enhanced fluorescence. In contrast, cyclized protein with incorporation of the long linker including the myc-tag and human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavable sequence emitted slightly increased fluorescence compared with the protein linearized with the protease cleavage. The cyclic protein with the short linker also exhibited increased thermal stability and exopeptidase resistance. Moreover, induction of the target proteins in an oxygen-deficient culture rendered fluorescent E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells brighter than those overexpressing the linear construct. Thus, the cyclic reporter can hopefully be used in certain thermophilic anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Hu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
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Zhang S, Lin T, Zhang D, Chen X, Ge Y, Gao Q, Fan J. Use of the selected metal-dependent enzymes for exploring applicability of human annexin A1 as a purification tag. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:423-429. [PMID: 37805288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Several fusion tags have been developed for non-chromatographic fusion protein purification. Previously, we identified that human annexin A1 as a novel N-terminal purification tag was used for purifying the fusion proteins produced in Escherichia coli through precipitation in 10 mM Ca2+ buffer, and redissolution of the precipitate in 15 mM EDTA buffer. In this work, we selected four metal-dependent enzymes including E. coli 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase, yeast 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase, maize serine racemase and copper amine oxidase for investigating the annexin A1 tag applicability. Fusion of the His6-tag or the enzyme changed the behavior of precipitation-redissolution. The relatively high recovery yields of three tagged enzymes with the improved purities were obtained through two rounds of purification, whereas low recovery yield of the annexin A1 tagged maize amine oxidase was prepared. The added EDTA displayed different abilities to redissolve the fusion proteins precipitates in two precipitation-redissolution cycles. It inactivated three enzymes and obviously inhibited the activity of the fused maize serine racemase. Based on current findings, we believe that four enzymes could be applied for evaluating applicability of the proteins or peptides as affinity tags for chromatographic purification in a calcium dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncheng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Tingting Lin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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Chen JP, Gong JS, Su C, Li H, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Improving the soluble expression of difficult-to-express proteins in prokaryotic expression system via protein engineering and synthetic biology strategies. Metab Eng 2023; 78:99-114. [PMID: 37244368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solubility and folding stability are key concerns for difficult-to-express proteins (DEPs) restricted by amino acid sequences and superarchitecture, resolved by the precise distribution of amino acids and molecular interactions as well as the assistance of the expression system. Therefore, an increasing number of tools are available to achieve efficient expression of DEPs, including directed evolution, solubilization partners, chaperones, and affluent expression hosts, among others. Furthermore, genome editing tools, such as transposons and CRISPR Cas9/dCas9, have been developed and expanded to construct engineered expression hosts capable of efficient expression ability of soluble proteins. Accounting for the accumulated knowledge of the pivotal factors in the solubility and folding stability of proteins, this review focuses on advanced technologies and tools of protein engineering, protein quality control systems, and the redesign of expression platforms in prokaryotic expression systems, as well as advances of the cell-free expression technologies for membrane proteins production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, PR China.
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, PR China
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Bi F, Zhang J, Xie R, Yu D, Wei H, Wang Y, Hua Z, Qi X, Huang B, Yang G. Adenosine Triphosphate-Responsive Glyconanorods through Self-Assembly of β-Cyclodextrin-Based Glycoconjugates for Targeted and Effective Bacterial Sensing and Killing. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1003-1013. [PMID: 36651863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanomaterials have exhibited promising alternative avenues to combat the globe challenge of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. However, most of the reported polymeric nanomaterials have facially linear amphiphilic structures with positive net charges, which may lead to nonspecific binding, high hemolysis, and uncontrollable self-organization, limiting their practical applications. In this contribution, we report a one-dimensional glyconanorod (GNR) through self-assembly of well-defined β-cyclodextrin-based glycoconjugates (RMan) featuring hydrophobic carbon-based chains and amide rhodamines with an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-recognition site and targeted and hydrophilic mannoses and positively net-charged ethylene amine groups. The GNRs show superior targeting sensing and killing for Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) dominantly through the multivalent recognition between mannoses on the nanorod and the lectin on the surface of E. coli. Moreover, red fluorescence was light on due to the hydrogen bonding between amide rhodamine and ATP. Benefiting from the designs, the GNRs are capable of possessing a higher therapeutic index and of encapsulating other antibiotics. They exhibit an enhanced effect against E. coli strains. Intriguingly, the GNRs displayed a more reduced hemolysis effect and lower cytotoxicity compared to that of ethylene glyco-modified nanorods. These results reveal that the glyconanomaterials not only feature superior and targeted bacterial sensing and antibacterial activity, but also better biocompatibility compared with the widely used PEG-covered nanomaterials. Furthermore, the in vivo studies demonstrate that the targeted and ATP-responsive GNRs complexed with antibiotics showed better treatment using a mouse model of abdominal sepsis following intraperitoneal E. coli infection. The present work describes a targeted and effective sensing and antibacterial platform based on glycoconjugates that have potential applications for the treatment of infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Bi
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Hanchen Wei
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zan Hua
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xiangming Qi
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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Damough S, Alizadeh R, Komijani S, Shirin M, Adeli A, Mafakher L, Mahboudi F, Talebkhan Garoosi Y. Computational and Experimental Evaluation of Linker Peptides and Thioredoxin Fusion Tag in CD20-rituximab Specific Interactions. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e134267. [PMID: 36942068 PMCID: PMC10024333 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-134267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Overexpression of CD20 protein on the surface of B cells in lymphoma can be targeted by several anti-CD20 molecules. The development of accessible interactive epitopes is more favorable than the full-length transmembrane CD20 in the affinity assessment of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Methods The sequence of these epitopes was extracted, and the effects of different linker peptides and the location of histidine (His)-tag were computationally analyzed. The impact of thioredoxin (Trx)-tag on the folding of the selected construct and its interaction with rituximab was further investigated. The two final expression cassettes were expressed in Escherichia coli after optimization of culture conditions for incubation temperature, post-induction time, optical density at the induction time, and concentration of the inducer. ELISA evaluated the binding affinity of rituximab towards the recombinant proteins. Results By homology modeling studies, C-terminal His-tagged structures represented more desirable folded structures. Validation of the models revealed that CD20 extracellular domain linked by the G4S polypeptide had better stereochemical quality and structural compatibility. It was selected due to its more effective interaction with rituximab showing the highest dissociation constant of 5.8E-09M, which improved after the fusion of Trx-tag (7.1E-10M). The most influential parameters in the expression of the two selected proteins were post-induction temperature and optical density at the induction time. Homemade ELISA assays revealed a slightly higher affinity of rituximab towards the Trx-CD20 protein than the CD20/G4S molecule. Conclusions Experimental in vitro studies confirmed the computationally calculated affinity of rituximab towards the two designed CD20 constructs. Also, the cell-based binding assessment of anti-CD20 mAbs could be substituted by the engineered extracellular domain of human CD20 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Damough
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Alizadeh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Komijani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shirin
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Adeli
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Mafakher
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | | | - Yeganeh Talebkhan Garoosi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen Y, Li J, Zhang S, Hu J, Chen X, Lin T, Dang D, Fan J. Controlling expression and inhibiting function of the toxin reporter for simple detection of the promoters’ activities in Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 158:110051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hu J, Chen Y, Ren Y, Xiao W, Hu Y, Yu X, Fan J. Combination of the mutations for improving activity of TEV protease in inclusion bodies. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2129-2139. [PMID: 34036441 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) is an enzymatic reagent to remove fusion tag, but additional purification steps are required for removing the TEVp after cleavage reaction is finished. Use of carrier-free and dependent TEVp immobilizates can eliminate protease contamination. In this work, we identified that, among the four constructed missense variants, the insoluble variant with the highest activity was correspondent with the soluble one tested formerly. The activities of the insoluble 15 codon variants were assayed and the variant with highest activity was selected. The K45F and/or E106G mutations have been reported on slightly improving protein stability of the wild-type TEVp, but only E106G mutation enhanced soluble production and activity of the selected TEVp variant, and it increased soluble amounts of two codon variants with the impaired folding. The decreased activity and use efficiency of the optimized TEVp variant in inclusion bodies was balanced by the determined high level production, lower leaking amounts of the protein, the enhanced resistance to the limited proteolysis mediated by protease K and trypsin, and the increased inhibition of auto-cleavage, as comparison to those of the immobilized soluble one. Thus, the TEVp construct is a potential alternate for simplifying protein purification protocols after tag-removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Hu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Chen
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafang Hu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Yu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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Bacterial production of maize and human serine racemases as partially active inclusion bodies for d-serine synthesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 137:109547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Gao J, Qian H, Guo X, Mi Y, Guo J, Zhao J, Xu C, Zheng T, Duan M, Tang Z, Lin C, Shen Z, Jiang Y, Wang X. The signal peptide of Cry1Ia can improve the expression of eGFP or mCherry in Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis and enhance the host's fluorescent intensity. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:112. [PMID: 32448275 PMCID: PMC7247199 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signal peptides (SPs) of secretory proteins are frequently used or modified to guide recombinant proteins outside the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. In the periplasmic space and extracellular environment, recombinant proteins are kept away from the intracellular proteases and often they can fold correctly and efficiently. Consequently, expression levels of the recombinant protein can be enhanced by the presence of a SP. However, little attention has been paid to the use of SPs with low translocation efficiency for recombinant protein production. In this paper, the function of the signal peptide of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ia toxin (Iasp), which is speculated to be a weak translocation signal, on regulation of protein expression was investigated using fluorescent proteins as reporters. RESULTS When fused to the N-terminal of eGFP or mCherry, the Iasp can improve the expression of the fluorescent proteins and as a consequence enhance the fluorescent intensity of both Escherichia coli and Bt host cells. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed the higher transcript levels of Iegfp over those of egfp gene in E. coli TG1 cells. By immunoblot analysis and confocal microscope observation, lower translocation efficiency of IeGFP was demonstrated. The novel fluorescent fusion protein IeGFP was then used to compare the relative strengths of cry1Ia (Pi) and cry1Ac (Pac) gene promoters in Bt strain, the latter promoter proving the stronger. The eGFP reporter, by contrast, cannot indicate unambiguously the regulation pattern of Pi at the same level of sensitivity. The fluorescent signals of E. coli and Bt cells expressing the Iasp fused mCherry (ImCherry) were also enhanced. Importantly, the Iasp can also enhanced the expression of two difficult-to-express proteins, matrix metalloprotease-13 (MMP13) and myostatin (growth differentiating factor-8, GDF8) in E. coli BL21-star (DE3) strain. CONCLUSIONS We identified the positive effects of a weak signal peptide, Iasp, on the expression of fluorescent proteins and other recombinant proteins in bacteria. The produced IeGFP and ImCherry can be used as novel fluorescent protein variants in prokaryotic cells. The results suggested the potential application of Iasp as a novel fusion tag for improving the recombinant protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Hongmei Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yi Mi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Junpei Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Juanli Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming Duan
- Experimental Teaching Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Zhongwei Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Chaoyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhicheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xingchun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Comparative study of the insoluble and soluble Ulp1 protease constructs as Carrier free and dependent protein immobilizates. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 127:23-29. [PMID: 30001877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed and compared the properties of yeast Ulp1 protease in active inclusion bodies (IBs) as special protein immobilizate, and the soluble Ulp1 via oriented immobilization. Fusion of the N-terminal self-assembling peptide GFIL8 to the Ulp1 increased production of active IBs in Escherichia coli. Attachment of the N-terminal cellulose-binding module facilitated the constructed protein immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) with a binding capacity up to about 235 mg protein per gram of RAC. Compared with the immobilized soluble construct, the insoluble Ulp1 showed higher resistance to limited proteolysis with trypsin digestion, lower leaky amount at different storage temperatures, but more rapid decrease in cleavage activity after stored at 4°C for 8 days. The immobilized soluble Ulp1 maintained about 42% initial cleavage activity with repetitive use successively, whereas the aggregated Ulp1 lost its cleavage capacity after cleaving the protein substrate once. Crosslinking of IBs mediated by glutaraldehyde inactivated the Ulp1. Freshly prepared and used IBs showed similar resistance to protease-K digestion, and comparable binding capacity of Congo red and thioflavin T. Taken together, due to different advantages, the Ulp1 constructs as carrier-free and carrier-dependent immobilizates are used under different conditions.
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Paraskevopoulou V, Falcone FH. Polyionic Tags as Enhancers of Protein Solubility in Recombinant Protein Expression. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020047. [PMID: 29882886 PMCID: PMC6027335 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of recombinant protein expression in the second half of the 1970s, the growth of the biopharmaceutical field has been rapid and protein therapeutics has come to the foreground. Biophysical and structural characterisation of recombinant proteins is the essential prerequisite for their successful development and commercialisation as therapeutics. Despite the challenges, including low protein solubility and inclusion body formation, prokaryotic host systems and particularly Escherichia coli, remain the system of choice for the initial attempt of production of previously unexpressed proteins. Several different approaches have been adopted, including optimisation of growth conditions, expression in the periplasmic space of the bacterial host or co-expression of molecular chaperones, to assist correct protein folding. A very commonly employed approach is also the use of protein fusion tags that enhance protein solubility. Here, a range of experimentally tested peptide tags, which present specific advantages compared to protein fusion tags and the concluding remarks of these experiments are reviewed. Finally, a concept to design solubility-enhancing peptide tags based on a protein’s pI is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Paraskevopoulou
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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