1
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Boerzhijin S, Osafune Y, Kishimoto T, Hisatsune Y, Isogai A. Quantitative determination of vanillin and its detection threshold in sake. Food Chem 2024; 458:140224. [PMID: 38964096 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Vanillin is naturally occurring in various food products, including alcoholic beverages; however, its contribution to the aroma of sake is unclear. In this study, an HPLC-MS/MS quantification method was developed and validated by linearity, precision, and recovery, and it was applied to 115 bottles of highly diversified sake. Furthermore, the odor detection threshold of vanillin in sake was determined. Notably, the established method exhibited great linearity (5-1500 μg/L), with a R2 >0.99, and the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 1.7 and 5.5 μg/L, respectively. The spiked recoveries of vanillin ranged from 96.2% to 97.8%, with relative standard deviation ˂ 6.22%. Results revealed trace amounts to 29.9 μg/L of vanillin in the premium young sake, below the detection threshold (78.9 μg/L), whereas aged sake (43 bottles, 3-56 years aging) exhibited varied concentrations from trace amounts to 1727.5 μg/L of vanillin, notably peaking in a 20-year oak barrel-aged sake. The concentration of vanillin in most of the ambient-temperature-aged sake exceeded the detection threshold after 11-15 years of aging. The proposed method facilitates accurate vanillin quantification in sake, crucial for evaluating its flavor impact. Moreover, the discoveries provide a theoretical basis for the sensory exploration of sake aromas and equip the brewing industry with insights for modulating vanillin synthesis during sake aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surina Boerzhijin
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-Shi, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan..
| | - Yukio Osafune
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-Shi, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Toru Kishimoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-Shi, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yuri Hisatsune
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-Shi, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Atsuko Isogai
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-Shi, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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2
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Zhang Y, Li S, Meng Q, Song H, Wang X. Characterization of Key Odor-Active Compounds in Draft Beers for the Chinese Market Using Molecular Sensory Science Approaches. Molecules 2024; 29:2537. [PMID: 38893413 PMCID: PMC11173443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Beer is a popular alcoholic beverage worldwide. However, limited research has been conducted on identifying key odor-active components in lager-type draft beers for the Chinese market. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the odor characteristics of the four most popular draft beer brands through a sensory evaluation and an electronic nose. Subsequently, the four draft beers were analyzed through solid-phase microextraction and liquid-liquid extraction using a two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry analysis (GC×GC-O-MS). Fifty-five volatile odor compounds were detected through GC×GC-O-MS. Through an Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis, 22 key odor-active compounds with flavor dilution factors ≥ 16 were identified, with 11 compounds having odor activity values > one. An electronic nose analysis revealed significant disparities in the odor characteristics of the four samples, enabling their distinct identification. These findings help us to better understand the flavor characteristics of draft beer and the stylistic differences between different brands of products and provide a theoretical basis for objectively evaluating the quality differences between different brands of draft beer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Sensory Science, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Sinuo Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Sensory Science, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Sensory Science, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huanlu Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Sensory Science, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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3
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Obara K, Uenoyama R, Obata Y, Miyazaki M. Development of the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based aroma designer capable of modifying volatile chemical compositions in complex odors. Chem Senses 2024; 49:bjae007. [PMID: 38386845 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are used to produce various commercial products with aromas mimicking natural products. The VOCs responsible for aromas have been identified from many natural products. The current major strategy is to analyze chemical compositions and aroma qualities of individual VOCs using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and GC-olfactometry. However, such analyses cannot determine whether candidate VOCs contribute to the characteristic aroma in mixtures of many VOCs. In this study, we developed a GC/MS-based VOC collection/omission system that can modify the VOC compositions of samples easily and rapidly. The system is composed of GC/MS with a switching unit that can change gas flow routes between MS and a VOC collection device. We first applied this system to prepare gas samples for omission tests, and the aroma qualities of VOC mixtures with and without some VOCs were evaluated by panelists. If aroma qualities were different between the 2 samples, the omitted VOCs were likely key odorants. By collecting VOCs in a gas bag attached to the collection device and transferring some VOCs to MS, specific VOCs could be omitted easily from the VOC mixture. The system could prepare omission samples without chemical identification, preparation of each VOC, and laborious techniques for mixing VOCs, thus overcoming the limitations of previous methods of sample preparation. Finally, the system was used to prepare artificial aromas by replacing VOC compositions between different samples for screening of key odorants. In conclusion, the system developed here can improve aroma research by identifying key odorants from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Obara
- Division of Agriculture, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Reiko Uenoyama
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaro Obata
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Masao Miyazaki
- Division of Agriculture, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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4
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Wang C, Liu T, Jia Z, Su M, Dong Y, Guo Q, Yang M, Yu J. Unraveling the source-water fishy odor occurrence during low-temperature periods: Odorants identification, typical algae species and odor-producing potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166998. [PMID: 37716685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, odor characteristics and phytoplankton composition were systematically investigated in two winter periods in a reservoir with fishy odor in north China. Ten potential fishy odor-producing algae were isolated and odorant-producing potentials were evaluated. Olfactometry profile and odorant composition of water samples were analyzed using GC-Olfactometry combined with GC × GC-TOFMS. The results showed that 2,4-heptadienal and hexanal were major fishy odor contributors. The abundance of Uroglena sp., Synura sp. and Peridinium sp. was negatively correlated with total dissolved organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate, illustrating nutrient level might be major drivers for the succession of fishy odor-producing algae. Dinobryon sp. and Uroglena sp. made the greatest contribution to fishy odor, followed by Peridinium sp., Synura sp., and Ochromonas sp. Fishy odor in 2016 winter and the early of 2017 winter was mainly caused by Dinobryon sp., while Uroglena sp. contributes mostly in March in 2017 winter. This study demonstrates the main odorants and algae causing fishy odor in reservoir, which will provide a scientific basis for the management of seasonal fishy odor problems in water source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tingting Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zeyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yunxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224051, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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Barros‐Castillo JC, Calderón‐Santoyo M, Cuevas‐Glory LF, Calderón‐Chiu C, Ragazzo‐Sánchez JA. Contribution of glycosidically bound compounds to aroma potential of jackfruit (
Artocarpus heterophyllus
lam). FLAVOUR FRAG J 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Barros‐Castillo
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic Tepic Nayarit Mexico
| | - Montserrat Calderón‐Santoyo
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic Tepic Nayarit Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Cuevas‐Glory
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - Carolina Calderón‐Chiu
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic Tepic Nayarit Mexico
| | - Juan Arturo Ragazzo‐Sánchez
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic Tepic Nayarit Mexico
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6
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Scholz H. From Natural Behavior to Drug Screening: Invertebrates as Models to Study Mechanisms Associated with Alcohol Use Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 36598738 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Humans consume ethanol-containing beverages, which may cause an uncontrollable or difficult-to-control intake of ethanol-containing liquids and may result in alcohol use disorders. How the transition at the molecular level from "normal" ethanol-associated behaviors to addictive behaviors occurs is still unknown. One problem is that the components contributing to normal ethanol intake and their underlying molecular adaptations, especially in neurons that regulate behavior, are not clear. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the earthworm Caenorhabditis elegans show behavioral similarities to humans such as signs of intoxication, tolerance, and withdrawal. Underlying the phenotypic similarities, invertebrates and vertebrates share mechanistic similarities. For example in Drosophila melanogaster, the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system regulates the positive reinforcing properties of ethanol and in Caenorhabditis elegans, serotonergic neurons regulate feeding behavior. Since these mechanisms are fundamental molecular mechanisms and are highly conserved, invertebrates are good models for uncovering the basic principles of neuronal adaptation underlying the behavioral response to ethanol. This review will focus on the following aspects that might shed light on the mechanisms underlying normal ethanol-associated behaviors. First, the current status of what is required at the behavioral and cellular level to respond to naturally occurring levels of ethanol is summarized. Low levels of ethanol delay the development and activate compensatory mechanisms that in turn might be beneficial for some aspects of the animal's physiology. Repeated exposure to ethanol however might change brain structures involved in mediating learning and memory processes. The smell of ethanol is already a key component in the environment that is able to elicit behavioral changes and molecular programs. Minimal networks have been identified that regulate normal ethanol consumption. Other environmental factors that influence ethanol-induced behaviors include the diet, dietary supplements, and the microbiome. Second, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal adaptation to the cellular stressor ethanol are discussed. Components of the heat shock and oxidative stress pathways regulate adaptive responses to low levels of ethanol and in turn change behavior. The adaptive potential of the brain cells is challenged when the organism encounters additional cellular stressors caused by aging, endosymbionts or environmental toxins or excessive ethanol intake. Finally, to underline the conserved nature of these mechanisms between invertebrates and higher organisms, recent approaches to identify drug targets for ethanol-induced behaviors are provided. Already approved drugs regulate ethanol-induced behaviors and they do so in part by interfering with cellular stress pathways. In addition, invertebrates have been used to identify new compounds targeting molecules involved in the regulation in ethanol withdrawal-like symptoms. This review primarily highlights the advances of the last 5 years concerning Drosophila melanogaster, but also provides intriguing examples of Caenorhabditis elegans and Apis mellifera in support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Scholz
- Department of Biology, Institute for Zoology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany.
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7
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Piornos JA, Koussissi E, Balagiannis DP, Brouwer E, Parker JK. Alcohol-free and low-alcohol beers: Aroma chemistry and sensory characteristics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:233-259. [PMID: 36398756 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-free beers have gained popularity in the last few decades because they provide a healthier alternative to alcoholic beers and can be more widely consumed. Consumers are becoming more aware of the benefits of reducing their alcohol consumption, and this has increased the sales of nonalcoholic alternatives. However, there are still many challenges for the brewing industry to produce an alcohol-free beer that resembles the pleasant fruity flavor and overall sensory experience of regular beers. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of alcohol-free beer focusing on aroma chemistry. The formation of the most important aroma compounds, such as Strecker aldehydes, higher alcohols, and esters, is reviewed, aiming to outline the gaps in current knowledge. The role of ethanol as a direct and indirect flavor-active compound is examined separately. In parallel, the influence of the most common methods to reduce alcohol content, such as physical (dealcoholization) or biological, on the organoleptic characteristics and consumer perception of the final product, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Piornos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Elisabeth Koussissi
- Research & Development Department, Heineken Supply Chain BV, Zoeterwoude, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eric Brouwer
- Research & Development Department, Heineken Supply Chain BV, Zoeterwoude, The Netherlands
| | - Jane K Parker
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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8
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Kishimoto T, Hisatsune Y, Fujita A, Yamada O. Presence of Disulfide-Bonded Thiols in Malt and Hops as the Precursors of Thiols in Beer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13413-13418. [PMID: 36200841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide-bonded thiols in malt and hops were first identified as possible precursors of thiols in beer. The presence of disulfide-bonded 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH) was confirmed in malt and hops by observing an 8.9-9.9 times increase in the 3MH concentration in hopped water and unhopped wort after the reduction using tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), a reducing agent specific for disulfide bonds. The presence of disulfide-bonded 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4MMP) was confirmed in hops by observing 2.1 and 5.1 times increase in the 4MMP concentration after reduction in hopped water. Proteins, peptides, and amino acids having sulfhydryl groups or other thiol substances were assumed to form disulfide bonds with polyfunctional thiols in malt and hops. The release of thiols by the reduction of disulfide-bonded thiols during fermentation was first identified. A 65-82% of disulfide-bonded 3MH were reduced during fermentation, and as a result, concentrations of 3MH in hopped water and unhopped wort increased by 9.5-14.2 times during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kishimoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yuri Hisatsune
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujita
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamada
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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9
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Van Mieghem T, Delvaux F, Dekleermaeker S, Britton SJ. Top of the Ferrous Wheel – The Influence of Iron Ions on Flavor Deterioration in Beer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2022.2124363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Scott J. Britton
- Brewery Duvel Moortgat, Research & Development, Puurs-Sint-Amands, Belgium
- International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Production of Hydroxy Fatty Acids, Precursors of γ-Hexalactone, Contributes to the Characteristic Sweet Aroma of Beef. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040332. [PMID: 35448519 PMCID: PMC9028887 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aroma is an essential factor for meat quality. The meat of Japanese Black cattle exhibits fine marbling and a rich and sweet aroma with a characteristic lactone composition. The mechanism of lactone formation associated with beef aroma has not been elucidated. In this study, we examined the precursors of γ-hexalactone, an indicator of the sweet aroma of beef and identified the mechanism underlying γ-hexalactone production. A low-temperature vacuum system was used to prepare beef tallow from Japanese Black cattle and Holstein cattle. The odor components were identified using headspace–gas chromatography. The analysis revealed that γ-hexalactone, γ-dodecalactone, δ-tetradecalactone, and δ-hexadecalactone were present as sweet aroma components of beef tallow prepared from marbling and muscle. Since we previously reported that γ-hexalactone formation correlates with linoleic acid content in beef, we analyzed ten oxidized fatty acids derived from linoleic acid by liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and detected two hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (9S-HODE and 13S-HODE) in beef tallow. Significant differences in arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase protein expression levels among subcutaneous fat, intramuscular fat, and muscle tissue were observed. Our results suggest that the combination of linoleic acid and the expression of lipid oxidase derived from beef muscle and intramuscular fat produce hydroxy fatty acids that result in a sweet aroma.
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11
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Ferreira IM, Freitas F, Pinheiro S, Mourão MF, Guido LF, Gomes da Silva M. Impact of temperature during beer storage on beer chemical profile. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Xiao M, Zheng F, Xiao M, Qi A, Wang H, Dai Q. Contribution of aroma‐active compounds to the aroma of Lu'an Guapian tea. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingji Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei China
| | - Fangling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei China
| | - Mengxuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei China
| | - An Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei China
| | - Huiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei China
| | - Qianying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei China
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13
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Exploring the Lipids Involved in the Formation of Characteristic Lactones in Japanese Black Cattle. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040203. [PMID: 33805322 PMCID: PMC8067244 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The meat from Japanese Black cattle (Japanese Wagyu) is finely marbled and exhibits a rich and sweet aroma known as Wagyu beef aroma. To clarify the key metabolites involved in the aroma, we analyzed the correlation between lactone and lipid composition in Japanese Black cattle. Using gas chromatography-olfactometry, we identified 39 characteristic odorants of the intermuscular fat. Seven characteristic lactones considered to be involved in Wagyu beef aroma were quantified and compared in the marbled area and intermuscular fat using a stable isotope dilution assay. Among them, γ-hexalactone was the only lactone whose level was significantly higher in the marbled area. To explore the lipid species involved in lactone formation, we analyzed samples with different aroma characteristics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed eight lipid classes and showed significant differences in triacylglycerides (TAGs). To determine the molecular species of TAGs, we performed high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and identified 14 TAG species. However, these analyses showed that seven lactones had a low correlation with the TAGs. However, γ-hexalactone showed a positive correlation with linoleic acid. This study suggests that lipid composition affects the characteristic lactone profile involved in the Wagyu beef aroma.
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14
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Ueda S, Yamanoue M, Sirai Y, Iwamoto E. Exploring the Characteristic Aroma of Beef from Japanese Black Cattle (Japanese Wagyu) via Sensory Evaluation and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010056. [PMID: 33467764 PMCID: PMC7830604 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef from Japanese Black cattle (Japanese Wagyu) is renowned for its flavor characteristics. To clarify the key metabolites contributing to this rich and sweet aroma of beef, an omics analysis combined with GC-olfactometry (GC-O) and metabolomics analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were applied. GC-O analysis identified 39 odor-active odorants from the volatile fraction of boiled beef distilled by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation. Eight odorants predicted to contribute to Wagyu beef aroma were compared between Japanese Black cattle and Holstein cattle using a stable isotope dilution assay with GC-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. By correlating the sensory evaluation values of retronasal aroma, γ-hexalactone, γ-d2ecalactone, and γ-undecalactone showed a high correlation with the Wagyu beef aroma. Metabolomics data revealed a high correlation between the amounts of odorants and multiple metabolites, such as glutamine, decanoic acid, lactic acid, and phosphoric acid. These results provide useful information for assessing the aroma and quality of beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ueda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-803-5889
| | - Minoru Yamanoue
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasuhito Sirai
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; (M.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Eiji Iwamoto
- Hokubu Agricultural Technology Institute Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Asago, Hyogo 669-5254, Japan;
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15
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Maruyama H, Ozawa A, Yamazaki E, Fujiwara T. Evaluations of Properties and Flavors of Beer with Local Fruits as Auxiliary Ingredients. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.68.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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17
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Kuroki R, Sakano R, Hattori S, Morishita S. Comparing odor-active compounds in three mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.) cultivars by aroma extract dilution analysis and the method for evaluating odor interactions. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Kishimoto T, Teramoto S, Fujita A, Yamada O. Principal Component Analysis of Hop-Derived Odorants Identified by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Method. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2020.1843926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kishimoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoko Teramoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujita
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamada
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima, Japan
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19
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Characterization of the potent odorants in Tibetan Qingke Jiu by sensory analysis, aroma extract dilution analysis, quantitative analysis and odor activity values. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Piornos J, Balagiannis DP, Methven L, Koussissi E, Brouwer E, Parker JK. Elucidating the Odor-Active Aroma Compounds in Alcohol-Free Beer and Their Contribution to the Worty Flavor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10088-10096. [PMID: 32799537 PMCID: PMC7499417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-free beers (AFBs) brewed by cold-contact fermentation exhibit a flavor reminiscent of wort which affects consumer acceptability. The aims of this study were to identify the odor-active compounds in AFB and elucidate the contribution of these to the overall aroma and worty character of the beer. Using a sensomics approach, 27 odor-active aroma compounds were identified and quantitated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The most odor-active compound was methional (boiled potato-like aroma), followed by 3-methylbutanal (cocoa-like), (E)-β-damascenone (apple, jam-like), 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone (curry, spicy-like), and phenylacetaldehyde (floral, honey-like). The important contribution of these flavor compounds to the worty and honey aroma of AFB was determined by sensory assessment of the recombinate in a beer-like matrix with omission tests. The role of 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone in AFB aroma was reported for the first time. The outcomes from this study are of relevance for the brewing industry to design strategies for the reduction of the wortiness of AFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
A. Piornos
- Department
of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University
of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, U.K.
| | | | - Lisa Methven
- Department
of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University
of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, U.K.
| | - Elisabeth Koussissi
- Global
Innovation & Research, Heineken Supply
Chain BV, Burgemeester Smeetsweg, 1, Zoeterwoude 2382 PH, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Brouwer
- Global
Innovation & Research, Heineken Supply
Chain BV, Burgemeester Smeetsweg, 1, Zoeterwoude 2382 PH, The Netherlands
| | - Jane K. Parker
- Department
of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University
of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, U.K.
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21
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Development of Head Space Sorptive Extraction Method for the Determination of Volatile Compounds in Beer and Comparison with Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030255. [PMID: 32120802 PMCID: PMC7142816 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A headspace sorptive extraction method coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HSSE–GC–MS) was developed for the determination of 37 volatile compounds in beer. After optimization of the extraction conditions, the best conditions for the analysis were stirring at 1000 rpm for 180 min, using an 8-mL sample with 25% NaCl. The analytical method provided excellent linearity values (R2 > 0.99) for the calibration of all the compounds studied, with the detection and quantification limits obtained being low enough for the determination of the compounds in the beers studied. When studying the repeatability of the method, it proved to be quite accurate, since RSD% values lower than 20% were obtained for all the compounds. On the other hand, the recovery study was successfully concluded, resulting in acceptable values for most of the compounds (80–120%). The optimised method was successfully applied to real beer samples of different types (ale, lager, stout and wheat). Finally, an analytical comparison of the optimised HSSE method, with a previously developed and validated stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) method was performed, obtaining similar concentration values by both methods for most compounds.
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22
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Humia BV, Santos KS, Schneider JK, Leal IL, de Abreu Barreto G, Batista T, Machado BAS, Druzian JI, Krause LC, da Costa Mendonça M, Padilha FF. Physicochemical and sensory profile of Beauregard sweet potato beer. Food Chem 2019; 312:126087. [PMID: 31911355 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Beer has been one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages worldwide. However, the incorporation of adjuncts in the beer can add new organoleptic and functional characteristics to the beverage. For this, Beauregard sweet potato shows high potential due to being a rich source of starch and many bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to develop the best process condition to produce a Sweet potato beer with enhanced nutritional and antioxidant properties and good sensory characteristics. Beer samples showed increased antioxidant activity especially due to β-carotene and their total phenolic content. The phytochemical profile of sweet potato biocompounds demonstrated a direct effect of this adjunct on sensory and functional characteristics of the finished beer. In conclusion, it was found that Beauregard sweet potato is a promising adjunct for beer brewing with nutraceutical properties due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vieira Humia
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil; Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Klebson Silva Santos
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Jaderson Kleveston Schneider
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil; Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Lessa Leal
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Food and Biotechnology, SENAI/CIMATEC University Center - Integrated Campus of Manufacture and Technology (SENAI/CIMATEC), Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Salvador, Bahia CEP 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Gabriele de Abreu Barreto
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Food and Biotechnology, SENAI/CIMATEC University Center - Integrated Campus of Manufacture and Technology (SENAI/CIMATEC), Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Salvador, Bahia CEP 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Thâmilla Batista
- Laboratory of Fish and Applied Chromatography (LAPESCA) - Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n - Pharmacyfaculty, Salvador, Bahia CEP 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Food and Biotechnology, SENAI/CIMATEC University Center - Integrated Campus of Manufacture and Technology (SENAI/CIMATEC), Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Salvador, Bahia CEP 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Janice Izabel Druzian
- Laboratory of Fish and Applied Chromatography (LAPESCA) - Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n - Pharmacyfaculty, Salvador, Bahia CEP 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Laiza Canielas Krause
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil; Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Marcelo da Costa Mendonça
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil; Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Francine Ferreira Padilha
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil; Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49032-490, Brazil
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23
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Development of a stir bar sorptive extraction method to study different beer styles volatile profiles. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Zhang T, Zhang H, Yang Z, Wang Y, Li H. Black rice addition prompted the beer quality by the extrusion as pretreatment. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3664-3674. [PMID: 31763015 PMCID: PMC6848802 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavor compounds, including total polyphenols, amino acids, and protein, in beer with extruded black rice as adjunct were detected and analyzed. Beer brewing technique has been intensively investigated in the past century. The chase of beer quality, including the color, flavor, foam, nutrition, and functionality, attracted considerable attention. Hence, headspace solid-phase microextraction in combination with a gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze flavor compounds qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of one organic acid, one aromatic, ten alcohols and 23 esters were present in extruded black rice adjunct beer. Protein components and molecular weight were analyzed, and the results were consistent with those of traditional beer in terms of content of foam-stabilizing protein. The contents of essential amino acid which is an important nutritive index were higher than those in traditional rice adjunct beer, especially valine (70.9 mg/L) and threonine (42.8 mg/L). The representative ingredients of extruded black rice adjunct beer were polyphenols, nerolidol, geraniol, and geranylgeraniol which affected the functionality and antioxidant ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food ScienceShandong University of TechnologyZiboChina
| | - Haijing Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food ScienceShandong University of TechnologyZiboChina
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food ScienceShandong University of TechnologyZiboChina
| | - Yiran Wang
- Shandong Drug and Food Vocational CollegeZiboChina
| | - Hongjun Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food ScienceShandong University of TechnologyZiboChina
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25
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A Bottom-Up Approach for Data Mining in Bioaromatization of Beers Using Flow-Modulated Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the combination of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) with multivariate pattern recognition through template matching for the assignment of the contribution of Brazilian Ale 02 yeast strain to the aroma profile of beer compared with the traditional Nottingham yeast. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) from two beer samples, which were fermented with these yeast strains were sampled using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The aroma profiles from both beer samples were obtained using GC×GC coupled to a fast scanning quadrupole mass spectrometer. Data processing performed through multiway principal components analysis succeeded in separating both beer samples based on yeast strain. The execution of a simple and reliable procedure succeeded and identified 46 compounds as relevant for sample classification. Furthermore, the bottom-up approach spotted compounds found exclusively in the beer sample fermented with the Brazilian yeast, highlighting the bioaromatization properties introduced to the aroma profile by this yeast strain.
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26
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Hernandes KC, Souza-Silva ÉA, Assumpção CF, Zini CA, Welke JE. Matrix-compatible solid phase microextraction coating improves quantitative analysis of volatile profile throughout brewing stages. Food Res Int 2019; 123:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Piornos JA, Delgado A, de La Burgade RCJ, Methven L, Balagiannis DP, Koussissi E, Brouwer E, Parker JK. Orthonasal and retronasal detection thresholds of 26 aroma compounds in a model alcohol-free beer: Effect of threshold calculation method. Food Res Int 2019; 123:317-326. [PMID: 31284982 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Detection thresholds are used routinely to determine the odour-active compounds in foods. The composition of a food matrix, such as hydrophobicity or solids content, has an impact on the release of flavour compounds, and thus on thresholds. In the case of beer, thresholds determined in alcoholic beer may not be the same for alcohol-free beer (AFB). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine detection thresholds for aroma compounds typically found in beer, within a model AFB. The model was designed to match the sugar concentration and pH of an AFB brewed by a cold contact process. Thresholds were measured using a 3-AFC procedure and calculated using either Best Estimate Threshold (BET) method or by logistic regression. Moreover, an algorithm for the removal of false positives was applied to adjust the assessors' raw responses. Retronasal thresholds were generally lower than orthonasal. Those calculated by BET were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those from logistic regression, and removal of false positives also produced significantly higher thresholds than those from raw data. The use of logistic regression has the advantage of providing the mathematical model describing the behaviour of the group. The results from this study can be used to better understand the role of flavour compounds in AFB and the effect of the calculation method to prevent under- or overestimated results.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Piornos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Alexia Delgado
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | | | - Lisa Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Koussissi
- Heineken Supply Chain BV, Global Innovation & Research, Burgemeester Smeetsweg, 1, 2382, PH, Zoeterwoude, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Brouwer
- Heineken Supply Chain BV, Global Innovation & Research, Burgemeester Smeetsweg, 1, 2382, PH, Zoeterwoude, The Netherlands
| | - Jane K Parker
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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