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Yamamoto Y. Roles of flavoprotein oxidase and the exogenous heme- and quinone-dependent respiratory chain in lactic acid bacteria. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:183-191. [PMID: 38966056 PMCID: PMC11220326 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2024-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a type of bacteria that convert carbohydrates into lactate through fermentation metabolism. While LAB mainly acquire energy through this anaerobic process, they also have oxygen-consuming systems, one of which is flavoprotein oxidase and the other is exogenous heme- or heme- and quinone-dependent respiratory metabolism. Over the past two decades, research has contributed to the understanding of the roles of these oxidase machineries, confirming their suspected roles and uncovering novel functions. This review presents the roles of these oxidase machineries, which are anticipated to be critical for the future applications of LAB in industry and comprehending the virulence of pathogenic streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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2
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Gu L, Xiao X, Yup Lee S, Lai B, Solem C. Superior anodic electro-fermentation by enhancing capacity for extracellular electron transfer. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129813. [PMID: 37776913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Anodic electro-fermentation (AEF), where an anode replaces the terminal electron acceptor, shows great promise. Recently a Lactococcus lactis strain blocked in NAD+ regeneration was demonstrated to use ferricyanide as an alternative electron acceptor to support fast growth, but the need for high concentrations of this non-regenerated electron acceptor limits practical applications. To address this, growth of this L. lactis strain, and an adaptively evolved (ALE) mutant with enhanced ferricyanide respiration capacity were investigated using an anode as electron acceptor in a bioelectrochemical system (BES) setup. Both strains grew well, however, the ALE mutant significantly faster. The ALE mutant almost exclusively generated 2,3-butanediol, whereas its parent strain mainly produced acetoin. The ALE mutant interacted efficiently with the anode, achieving a record high current density of 0.81 ± 0.05 mA/cm2. It is surprising that a Lactic Acid Bacterium, with fermentative metabolism, interacts so well with an anode, which demonstrates the potential of AEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyan Gu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Lai
- BMBF junior research group Biophotovoltaics, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
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3
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Ichinose R, Yamasaki-Yashiki S, Katakura Y. Analysis of the effects of specific growth rate of Lactococcus lactis MG1363 on aerobic metabolism and its application to high-density culture. J Biosci Bioeng 2023:S1389-1723(23)00138-X. [PMID: 37301698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to produce a large amount of lactate when cultured under non-aerated conditions, which inhibits their growth at high concentrations. Our previous studies have shown that LAB can be cultured without lactate production under aerated conditions at a low specific growth rate. In this study, we investigated the effects of specific growth rate on cell yield and the specific production rates of metabolites in aerated fed-batch cultures of Lactococcus lactis MG1363. The results showed that lactate and acetoin production could be suppressed at specific growth rates below 0.2 h-1, whereas acetate production was the highest at a specific growth rate of 0.2 h-1. When LAB was cultured at a specific growth rate of 0.25 h-1 with the addition of 5 mg/L heme to assist ATP production by respiration, lactate and acetate production was suppressed, and cell concentration reached 19 g-dry-cell/L (5.6 × 10ˆ10 cfu/mL) with a high cell yield of 0.42 ± 0.02 g-dry-cell/g-glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ichinose
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Shino Yamasaki-Yashiki
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Katakura
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
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4
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Lee S, Choi Y, Jeong E, Park J, Kim J, Tanaka M, Choi J. Physiological significance of elevated levels of lactate by exercise training in the brain and body. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:167-175. [PMID: 36681523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
For the past 200 years, lactate has been regarded as a metabolic waste end product that causes fatigue during exercise. However, lactate production is closely correlated with energy metabolism. The lactate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction uses protons to produce lactate, which delays ongoing metabolic acidosis. Of note, lactate production differs depending on exercise intensity and is not limited to muscles. Importantly, controlling physiological effect of lactate may be a solution to alleviating some chronic diseases. Released through exercise, lactate is an important biomarker for fat oxidation in skeletal muscles. During recovery after sustained strenuous exercise, most of the lactate accumulated during exercise is removed by direct oxidation. However, as the muscle respiration rate decreases, lactate becomes a desirable substrate for hepatic glucose synthesis. Furthermore, improvement in brain function by lactate, particularly, through the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, is being increasingly studied. In addition, it is possible to improve stress-related symptoms, such as depression, by regulating the function of hippocampal mitochondria, and with an increasingly aging society, lactate is being investigated as a preventive agent for brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the perception that lactate is equivalent to fatigue should no longer exist. This review focuses on the new perception of lactate and how lactate acts extensively in the skeletal muscles, heart, brain, kidney, and liver. Additionally, lactate is now used to confirm exercise performance and should be further studied to assess its impact on exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Jeong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjun Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Muelas R, Romero G, Díaz JR, Monllor P, Fernández-López J, Viuda-Martos M, Cano-Lamadrid M, Sendra E. Quality and Functional Parameters of Fermented Milk Obtained from Goat Milk Fed with Broccoli and Artichoke Plant By-Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172601. [PMID: 36076787 PMCID: PMC9455734 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Large amount of vegetal by-products are generated during production and processing steps. Introducing silage from vegetable by-products into dairy goat feed would be of great interest from the point of view of reducing costs and supporting the circular economy. The aim of this research was to study the effect of 40% inclusion of silage broccoli by-products and artichoke plant by-products in the diet of Murciano-Granadina goats throughout the lactation to establish milk suitability for fermented milks production. The novelty of this study is the use of milk from goats fed for a long term with a high inclusion of silages from artichoke plant and broccoli by-products, being the first one on broccoli inclusion. Two starter cultures thermophilic (YO-MIXTM300), and, mesophilic (MA400) were used and fermented milks were analyzed at two storage times after fermentation. Fermentation enhances antioxidant properties of fermented milks from all diets (p < 0.05), especially when mesophilic starter cultures are used. The main findings are that long term inclusion of 40% silage from broccoli and artichoke plant by-products in balanced diets of dairy goats yields milk suitable for fermentation by yogurt and cheese cultures, the inclusion of broccoli silage enhances antioxidant properties (p < 0.05), and, the inclusion of plant artichoke enhances fatty acids health indexes (p < 0.05).
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Naomi David A, Sewsynker-Sukai Y, Gueguim Kana EB. Co-valorization of corn cobs and dairy wastewater for simultaneous saccharification and lactic acid production: Process optimization and kinetic assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126815. [PMID: 35134524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study optimized the co-valorization of corn cob wastes (CCW) and dairy wastewater for simultaneous saccharification and lactic acid (LA) production (sDWW-SSF). Subsequently, the kinetics of Lactobacillus plantarum growth and LA production was assessed using the optimized conditions under microaerophilic (sDWW-SSFmicroaerophilic) and anaerobic (sDWW-SSFanaerobic) conditions, and thereafter compared to De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium modified with pretreated CCW (mMRS-SSFmicroaerophilic). Optimized sDWW-SSF conditions produced maximum LA concentration and conversion of 11.15 ± 0.42 g/L and 18.90 ± 0.75%, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that although the mMRS-SSFmicroaerophilic system obtained a higher maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and maximum potential LA concentration (Pm) compared to the wastewater-based bioprocesses, the data obtained for the latter were comparable when taking the resources and costs into consideration. These findings represent the potential to eliminate the use of valuable resources in lignocellulosic bioprocesses and provide insights on innovation towards driving a sustainable economy in line with the food-energy-water nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Naomi David
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Life Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Y Sewsynker-Sukai
- University of Fort Hare, Fort Hare Institute of Technology, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - E B Gueguim Kana
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Life Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
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Mahmoodi M, Nassireslami E. Control algorithms and strategies of feeding for fed-batch fermentation of Escherichia coli: a review of 40 years of experience. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:823-834. [PMID: 34730470 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1998112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fed-batch cultivation is a well-known type of submerged fermentation that is frequently used in manufacture of recombinant proteins and various kinds of enzymes, owing to its ability to produce products with high concentrations and high efficiency. In fed-batch culture, several issues must be considered; most of them are also presented in batch culture. However, feed flow rate calculation only corresponds to fed-batch fermentation and its value has a significant impact on productivity, efficiency, final concentration of product, formation of by-products, and viscosity of the culture. From this background, the present review article is an effort to gather the information on feeding strategies for fed-batch cultivation of Escherichia coli, which is a well-known microorganism in the production of recombinant proteins and industrial enzymes, especially for therapeutic applications. Moreover, this review is an aid to comprehend and compare the fundamental concept of different feeding strategies and their advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoodi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nassireslami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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